Endri Papajorgji - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Endri Papajorgji
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies
Since the 1990s, when the first computers were introduced as workplace tools and the technologica... more Since the 1990s, when the first computers were introduced as workplace tools and the technological expansion began, computers, information technologies, and the internet have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. Computers are now an essential tool in all aspects of life, including business, telecommunications, and personal use. Given the increased use of information technologies in our businesses and daily lives, it is not surprising that computer-related crimes are on the rise. The widespread use of computers in our society has resulted in a rapid rise in issues and problems associated with crime, particularly cybercrime. As cybercrime committed via the internet and computer networks becomes more prevalent, courts require technical personnel who are experts in this field. The proper legal framework and division of investigative responsibility are not always clear. Law enforcement faces new challenges as it works to improve its capacity to investigate and prosecute cyber...
PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, Nov 4, 2020
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2022
Magna Carta in 1215 and 1789 from the French Revolution in parallel to globalization of human rig... more Magna Carta in 1215 and 1789 from the French Revolution in parallel to globalization of human rights all over the world to this day and the state based on the rule of law and forms of government have improved. Therefore, the importance of individual human rights has increased alongside the community rights. The Internet has emerged as a closed circuit in which the computer is connected to withstand up to 1960. The first day, this day of information systems that have manifested themselves in all areas of human existence and has been an integral part of human existence. Knowledge is one of the most important values of modern life. Every day, government agencies and private organizations collect, store, process and transfer significant amounts of data about individuals. This is a natural reflection of the situation has been in government. Protection of personal data is a right of individuals against unauthorized use of their data by other persons or organizations. Especially after 2002...
Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2022
Verbal mistake corrections occur frequently during the process of learning a foreign language and... more Verbal mistake corrections occur frequently during the process of learning a foreign language and are usually initiated by the teacher. Foreign language teachers have a significant impact on the behavior of verbal correction, thus influencing the organization of in-class discussions and the acquisition of a foreign language. Making mistakes during foreign language learning is no longer seen as a deficiency of language skills. On the contrary, making mistakes is a completely normal part of the process during foreign language acquisition. Fundamentally, mistake correction should be seen as a good opportunity for the students. They show the current acquiring status of the student; teachers understand where it is necessary to replicate knowledge and profoundly acquire it. The main topic of this article is correcting mistakes when speaking in a foreign language. The article addresses issues closely related to the main topic such as: What mistakes do teachers usually correct and how? When...
European Journal of Economics, Law and Social Sciences, 2020
The free movement of labour benefits the individuals who choose to work elsewhere in the EU as we... more The free movement of labour benefits the individuals who choose to work elsewhere in the EU as well as the societies which receive them. It enables the former to exercise their right to free movement and to improve their personal and professional situation, and the latter to fill job vacancies and skills shortages. Article 45 of TFEU guarantees the free movement of workers within the common market. This includes (according to paragraph 2) the abolition of any discrimination of nationality, based on different treatment in terms of employment, remuneration and other employment conditions (prohibition of discrimination). Article 45 (3) of TFEU entails the right to workers to: • to accept offers of employment actually made; • to move freely within the territory of Member States for this purpose; • to stay in a Member State for the purpose of employment in accordance with the provisions governing the employment of nationals of that State laid down by law, regulation or administrative act...
Juridical Tribune, 2019
Commercial law is an abstract definition in a central planned economy, but Yugoslavia had a syste... more Commercial law is an abstract definition in a central planned economy, but Yugoslavia had a system of its own and in the economic history books it has always a special chapter. It all started with the planned system economy, but very early Yugoslavia followed its own path, namely workers' self-government and a special property form, the so-called social property. Albania instead followed the path of all socialist countries – central planned economy and socialist property. This system can be considered a definition of administrative socialism or etatism. This manuscript aims to analyze the commercial reforms in Yugoslavia, Macedonia and Albania and its consequences towards free market economy. A historic and deductive method will be used to analyze the legal reforms that made Yugoslavia a specialty in the communist block.
Juridical Tribune, 2019
With the Declaration of Independence of 17.11.1991 and the entry into force of the Constitution o... more With the Declaration of Independence of 17.11.1991 and the entry into force of the Constitution on 20.11.1991, Macedonia was free to draft its own legislation. But the difficult internal and external situation, the unofficial imposition of the Greek embargo since the end of 1991, and the UN embargo on Yugoslavia, which brought losses of US $ 80 million a month to the new state, had a negative impact on the legislative process. The 1990 (!) amended Yugoslav company law of 1988, which replaced the Organization of Associated Labour as a basic economic subject with the "commercial companies" as a new legal concept, organized the economic life in public companies and limited liability companies. All Art.s that regulated the economic organizations in Yugoslavia were abolished. This amendment was in force until 30.5.1996. In this sense, main objective of this manuscript is the analysis of the commercial law reforms in Macedonia after the fall of communism towards a free market ec...
This study deals with using visual aids when teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). Based ... more This study deals with using visual aids when teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). Based on the fi ndings of researches, the review of literature explicates the eff ectiveness and fruitfulness in employing visuals aids in EFL classrooms. Thus, one of the main aims of the current study is to fi gure out the current practice of using visual aids in teaching and learning English language. More specifi cally, it was to discover the eff ectiveness of such aids on the students' English learning: the teachers' and students' perceptions about the frequency of using visual aids as well as the types of visual aids used in teaching English to school and the recommendations for bett er exploitation of visual aids. The study has found out that a variety of types of visual aids had been applied to teaching of English to students. It resulted that visual aids are considered a useful tool in English language acquisition, yet, this aids need to be used in a proper way. Also, by looking at several obstacles, it is recommended for the teachers to use extra aids in a structured and pedagogical manner and for the school to supply more aids. The applications of visual aids in a class when we teach English as a foreign language can help teachers to create a communicative environment in the class, in which students might be more motivated to acquire English language. The using of visual method in the class suggests an easy way for students to remember new words or phrases during and aft er the lesson.
This paper explores the gap between ideal municipal service following LSS (Lean Six Sigma) standa... more This paper explores the gap between ideal municipal service following LSS (Lean Six Sigma) standards and current municipality services delivered to the citizens.The study is based on Citizen's Perceptions and achieved gap size is occured aft er measurement and comparison of LSS standards with current services provided from municipality. A lean six sigmaconsidered as an ideal methodology while procesessbeased on this concept will approach "zero defects" with only 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO) for a defect to occur(Nilesh V. Fursule, Dr.Satish V. Bansod, Swati N. Fursule, 2012). Fourteen (14) Critical Success Factors (CSF), which were assessed by Brady and Allen (2006) to be most important LSS factors for high service quality in countries where they are implemented are used in this study. Critical Success Factors of LSS are been integrated into SERVQUAL model in order to build an instrument which helps to run a research.The result of this study will help to identify and highlight the problems that municipalities are facing to improve quality of services. This study provides recommendations and suggestions on the necessity of reforming the managerial concept in providing bett er qualitative services in Peja municipality.
The purpose of this paper is to explore ways to further develop occurrence of Knowledge managemen... more The purpose of this paper is to explore ways to further develop occurrence of Knowledge management in scientifi c research. Knowledge management (KM) is a process of coming up with new information or ideas, assessing its use, managing and putt ing it into practice. Historically, this body of knowledge has been in existence for a very long time though in other disciplines (Buckley & Jakovljevic, 2013). The methods applied in carrying out research are of great signifi cance. Making use of both descriptive and inferential methods is important. This hybrid approach ensures widespread coverage of both theoretical and numerical aspect of the discipline so as to avoid biases (Jennex & Smolnik, 2011). Generally, for ideas to qualify and gain profi le as a science, they must possess scientifi c procedures and principles. Additionally, other elements are essential and to begin with, many types of research must be carried out to cater for the emerging issues and expectations of the society to improve the discipline.
Marks, Engels and Lenin's ideologies were the foundation of the theory of law, in the Albanian le... more Marks, Engels and Lenin's ideologies were the foundation of the theory of law, in the Albanian legal system. They were not contra positioned to the private law system, but were in contradiction with the bourgeois society and its private ownership (Reich, 1972, 27). Socialist law literature was based on the principle that state-owned enterprises had great advantages not only compared to enterprises but also compared to large capitalist corporates; not only because of their socialist nature which led to the disappearance of the exploitation of the masses, but also because of their economic nature, as part of a large and mechanized economy in which the successes of modern science and technology could be maximally implemented (Marjani, Malindi, Shtepani, 1982, 16). Either Article 8 of the Constitution of 1946, nor legal changes to 1950, or Article 26 of the Constitution of 1976 did contain a definition of the enterprise. The Constitution regulated only the basic principles of the planning economy, which was based on the planning economy and state-owned enterprises, cooperatives and other workers associations. Article 26 and 27 of the Constitution of 1976 define the following: "For the administration of the means, which are in ownership of the people, the state creates companies, which operate in the interest of the society, defined in the state plan". "The prices of selling products of the companies and purchase prices of fruit products and animals are determined by the state". These constitutional norms forced state-owned enterprises and agricultural cooperatives, to use the means of production in a centralized form, to meet the obligations of the plan and to ensure the interests of society (Çela, Çami, Hysi, Omari, 1978, 125). In this context, main aim of this article is the function and content of the enterprise during communism in Albania.
Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2021
This article deals with the peculiarities of translating legal terminology from German into Alban... more This article deals with the peculiarities of translating legal terminology from German into Albanian and vice versa. Legal texts constitute an important part of translation into both languages. Translations of legal texts in Albania have increased since the latter's attempts to join the EU. European Union translation materials are in large volumes and require a lot of work. Therefore, the request for translation of legal documents, such as provisions or court decisions into other languages of the Union, including German, has increased. Despite institutional efforts to draft a glossary of legislation with the cooperation of professionals led by the OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation), as well as some efforts made in compiling Albanian-German legal dictionaries, there are no genuine publications in the Albanian language that handle the problems of translation in this field. Since technical legal language is a practical or institutional language, it is characterized by...
Macedonia is a candidate state for EU Membership. During Communism, Macedonia followed the commun... more Macedonia is a candidate state for EU Membership. During Communism, Macedonia followed the communist pattern (as a consequence of the system of selfadministration of workers as part of the Yugoslav Federation) and the transition process in the beginning of the 90's was followed by a fundamental change not only in the whole economic system but in the whole society. But before the transition, with the coming of Communism, Macedonia as part of the Yugoslav Federation followed the Soviet pattern from 1945-1951 with: nationalization of major enterprises, state direction of investment and production through a series of Five-Year Plans, emphasis on heavy industry and collectivization of agriculture. After 1951, Macedonia followed its own system with the selfadministration of workers a mix of central planning-and free market economy until 1990. The problem with transition in Macedonia after 1990 was closely connected with the extent and form of implementation of economic reforms and esp...
Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 2016
Competition law and cartel 1 is the basis of a modern economy. While in the US, competition law e... more Competition law and cartel 1 is the basis of a modern economy. While in the US, competition law exists and is terminologically known and is part of legislation since 1890 (Sherman Law), in Europe, it has become part of the founding treaties of the EU since 1957 by the Treaty of Rome. However, at that time, "culture of competition" would be born in the member states of the EU, which traditionally favor cartel agreements, state aid and the promotion of national products. Some EU member states have included competition law in their national legislation in the early 90-s. 2 Rules were set for the fi rst time on competition in the coal and steel market under Articles 65 and 66 of the Treaty of Rome, constituted a new terminology for member states. Albania has worked during these 24 years of democracy, to apply the basic principles of market economy and along with it the Lisbon Treaty, Regulations and EU Directives in the frame of competition. Main purpose of this manuscript is to give an overview of the abuse of dominant position in the frame of the most important court decision of this legal institution in Albania.
Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 2015
The Socialist Yugoslav Federation established from 1951 to 1990 introduced the so-called system o... more The Socialist Yugoslav Federation established from 1951 to 1990 introduced the so-called system of “social ownership”. While in the system of planned economy, private property was negated from “means of production”, in the economic system of self-management of workers (Yugoslav Federation) an object (thing) that was in social property had no owner. In Yugoslavia, from 19741990, the “Basic organization of associated labor” was the institution which met the needs of the economic system of self-management and social property. The “Basic organization of associated labor” was defined in Article 14 of the Yugoslav Constitution from 1974 as “a workers union, in which workers fulfill directly or equally their social-, economicand self-administering rights, and decide on issues dealing with the socio-economic situation of the organization”. Based on Article 463 of the law “On associated labor” from 1976, this organization consisted of the Council of Workers, which was also the centraland the...
Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 2016
Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 2016
The legal system during communism is understandable in Albania only if we study its legal institu... more The legal system during communism is understandable in Albania only if we study its legal institutions and development. In this context, a chronological presentation is needed, based mainly on the work of Krisafi, Ballanca, Luarasi, Gjika, Elezi, Omari, Brozi, Gjilani (2009). In this framework, the analysis of this manuscript is closely related to the pre communism situation, not only in the frame of history of property law, but also institutions and content they had during the communism era. Main purpose of this article is the analysis of property-and commercial law in Albania, in the context of the consequences they brought in the transformation process of Albania with the fall of Communism and establishment of democracy.
Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 2015
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2021
In life, it often happens that humans take different actions on different occasions to save man o... more In life, it often happens that humans take different actions on different occasions to save man or his wealth. These actions can be taken when there is a need to protect the integrity of man and his wealth, both individual and social wealth. Man performs these actions morally and without any institutional obligation. Man does the action without consent in order to save one's life or another's wealth. There is a need for such an action, because everyone sometimes in certain cases needs mutual help. With these behaviors of people, it is seen that they do not take these actions out of legal obligation, but act and should act with the consciousness and conscience of the civilized man. People who do this are driven by the need for cooperation, humanity, existence at the expense of the other, namely society. A person performs this action by perpetrating the work of another without consent for any other person. Hence, they undertake some factual and legal action for the other, sacr...
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2021
Evidence is an important concept in order to reveal whether a crime really exists or not and inte... more Evidence is an important concept in order to reveal whether a crime really exists or not and integrate it with all its elements. There are numerous methods of crime scene investigation in forensic cases. During the judgment phase, the most important factor that will help understand and decide the manner in which the incident took place is the evidence that will provide proof with regard to the incident. Therefore, evidence helps prosecutors and judges correctly understand and establish the relationship between the crime and the criminals and prove the committed crime and ensure correct, fair and rapid execution of the trial with the aim of reaching the material truth. Evidence obtained in the crime scene provides information with regard to the manner in which the crime was committed, the time of the crime, thebehaviour of the perpetrator, the suspect, the victim and the crime scene ensuring the establishment of the relationship between them. On the other hand, with the digital syste...
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies
Since the 1990s, when the first computers were introduced as workplace tools and the technologica... more Since the 1990s, when the first computers were introduced as workplace tools and the technological expansion began, computers, information technologies, and the internet have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. Computers are now an essential tool in all aspects of life, including business, telecommunications, and personal use. Given the increased use of information technologies in our businesses and daily lives, it is not surprising that computer-related crimes are on the rise. The widespread use of computers in our society has resulted in a rapid rise in issues and problems associated with crime, particularly cybercrime. As cybercrime committed via the internet and computer networks becomes more prevalent, courts require technical personnel who are experts in this field. The proper legal framework and division of investigative responsibility are not always clear. Law enforcement faces new challenges as it works to improve its capacity to investigate and prosecute cyber...
PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, Nov 4, 2020
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2022
Magna Carta in 1215 and 1789 from the French Revolution in parallel to globalization of human rig... more Magna Carta in 1215 and 1789 from the French Revolution in parallel to globalization of human rights all over the world to this day and the state based on the rule of law and forms of government have improved. Therefore, the importance of individual human rights has increased alongside the community rights. The Internet has emerged as a closed circuit in which the computer is connected to withstand up to 1960. The first day, this day of information systems that have manifested themselves in all areas of human existence and has been an integral part of human existence. Knowledge is one of the most important values of modern life. Every day, government agencies and private organizations collect, store, process and transfer significant amounts of data about individuals. This is a natural reflection of the situation has been in government. Protection of personal data is a right of individuals against unauthorized use of their data by other persons or organizations. Especially after 2002...
Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2022
Verbal mistake corrections occur frequently during the process of learning a foreign language and... more Verbal mistake corrections occur frequently during the process of learning a foreign language and are usually initiated by the teacher. Foreign language teachers have a significant impact on the behavior of verbal correction, thus influencing the organization of in-class discussions and the acquisition of a foreign language. Making mistakes during foreign language learning is no longer seen as a deficiency of language skills. On the contrary, making mistakes is a completely normal part of the process during foreign language acquisition. Fundamentally, mistake correction should be seen as a good opportunity for the students. They show the current acquiring status of the student; teachers understand where it is necessary to replicate knowledge and profoundly acquire it. The main topic of this article is correcting mistakes when speaking in a foreign language. The article addresses issues closely related to the main topic such as: What mistakes do teachers usually correct and how? When...
European Journal of Economics, Law and Social Sciences, 2020
The free movement of labour benefits the individuals who choose to work elsewhere in the EU as we... more The free movement of labour benefits the individuals who choose to work elsewhere in the EU as well as the societies which receive them. It enables the former to exercise their right to free movement and to improve their personal and professional situation, and the latter to fill job vacancies and skills shortages. Article 45 of TFEU guarantees the free movement of workers within the common market. This includes (according to paragraph 2) the abolition of any discrimination of nationality, based on different treatment in terms of employment, remuneration and other employment conditions (prohibition of discrimination). Article 45 (3) of TFEU entails the right to workers to: • to accept offers of employment actually made; • to move freely within the territory of Member States for this purpose; • to stay in a Member State for the purpose of employment in accordance with the provisions governing the employment of nationals of that State laid down by law, regulation or administrative act...
Juridical Tribune, 2019
Commercial law is an abstract definition in a central planned economy, but Yugoslavia had a syste... more Commercial law is an abstract definition in a central planned economy, but Yugoslavia had a system of its own and in the economic history books it has always a special chapter. It all started with the planned system economy, but very early Yugoslavia followed its own path, namely workers' self-government and a special property form, the so-called social property. Albania instead followed the path of all socialist countries – central planned economy and socialist property. This system can be considered a definition of administrative socialism or etatism. This manuscript aims to analyze the commercial reforms in Yugoslavia, Macedonia and Albania and its consequences towards free market economy. A historic and deductive method will be used to analyze the legal reforms that made Yugoslavia a specialty in the communist block.
Juridical Tribune, 2019
With the Declaration of Independence of 17.11.1991 and the entry into force of the Constitution o... more With the Declaration of Independence of 17.11.1991 and the entry into force of the Constitution on 20.11.1991, Macedonia was free to draft its own legislation. But the difficult internal and external situation, the unofficial imposition of the Greek embargo since the end of 1991, and the UN embargo on Yugoslavia, which brought losses of US $ 80 million a month to the new state, had a negative impact on the legislative process. The 1990 (!) amended Yugoslav company law of 1988, which replaced the Organization of Associated Labour as a basic economic subject with the "commercial companies" as a new legal concept, organized the economic life in public companies and limited liability companies. All Art.s that regulated the economic organizations in Yugoslavia were abolished. This amendment was in force until 30.5.1996. In this sense, main objective of this manuscript is the analysis of the commercial law reforms in Macedonia after the fall of communism towards a free market ec...
This study deals with using visual aids when teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). Based ... more This study deals with using visual aids when teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). Based on the fi ndings of researches, the review of literature explicates the eff ectiveness and fruitfulness in employing visuals aids in EFL classrooms. Thus, one of the main aims of the current study is to fi gure out the current practice of using visual aids in teaching and learning English language. More specifi cally, it was to discover the eff ectiveness of such aids on the students' English learning: the teachers' and students' perceptions about the frequency of using visual aids as well as the types of visual aids used in teaching English to school and the recommendations for bett er exploitation of visual aids. The study has found out that a variety of types of visual aids had been applied to teaching of English to students. It resulted that visual aids are considered a useful tool in English language acquisition, yet, this aids need to be used in a proper way. Also, by looking at several obstacles, it is recommended for the teachers to use extra aids in a structured and pedagogical manner and for the school to supply more aids. The applications of visual aids in a class when we teach English as a foreign language can help teachers to create a communicative environment in the class, in which students might be more motivated to acquire English language. The using of visual method in the class suggests an easy way for students to remember new words or phrases during and aft er the lesson.
This paper explores the gap between ideal municipal service following LSS (Lean Six Sigma) standa... more This paper explores the gap between ideal municipal service following LSS (Lean Six Sigma) standards and current municipality services delivered to the citizens.The study is based on Citizen's Perceptions and achieved gap size is occured aft er measurement and comparison of LSS standards with current services provided from municipality. A lean six sigmaconsidered as an ideal methodology while procesessbeased on this concept will approach "zero defects" with only 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO) for a defect to occur(Nilesh V. Fursule, Dr.Satish V. Bansod, Swati N. Fursule, 2012). Fourteen (14) Critical Success Factors (CSF), which were assessed by Brady and Allen (2006) to be most important LSS factors for high service quality in countries where they are implemented are used in this study. Critical Success Factors of LSS are been integrated into SERVQUAL model in order to build an instrument which helps to run a research.The result of this study will help to identify and highlight the problems that municipalities are facing to improve quality of services. This study provides recommendations and suggestions on the necessity of reforming the managerial concept in providing bett er qualitative services in Peja municipality.
The purpose of this paper is to explore ways to further develop occurrence of Knowledge managemen... more The purpose of this paper is to explore ways to further develop occurrence of Knowledge management in scientifi c research. Knowledge management (KM) is a process of coming up with new information or ideas, assessing its use, managing and putt ing it into practice. Historically, this body of knowledge has been in existence for a very long time though in other disciplines (Buckley & Jakovljevic, 2013). The methods applied in carrying out research are of great signifi cance. Making use of both descriptive and inferential methods is important. This hybrid approach ensures widespread coverage of both theoretical and numerical aspect of the discipline so as to avoid biases (Jennex & Smolnik, 2011). Generally, for ideas to qualify and gain profi le as a science, they must possess scientifi c procedures and principles. Additionally, other elements are essential and to begin with, many types of research must be carried out to cater for the emerging issues and expectations of the society to improve the discipline.
Marks, Engels and Lenin's ideologies were the foundation of the theory of law, in the Albanian le... more Marks, Engels and Lenin's ideologies were the foundation of the theory of law, in the Albanian legal system. They were not contra positioned to the private law system, but were in contradiction with the bourgeois society and its private ownership (Reich, 1972, 27). Socialist law literature was based on the principle that state-owned enterprises had great advantages not only compared to enterprises but also compared to large capitalist corporates; not only because of their socialist nature which led to the disappearance of the exploitation of the masses, but also because of their economic nature, as part of a large and mechanized economy in which the successes of modern science and technology could be maximally implemented (Marjani, Malindi, Shtepani, 1982, 16). Either Article 8 of the Constitution of 1946, nor legal changes to 1950, or Article 26 of the Constitution of 1976 did contain a definition of the enterprise. The Constitution regulated only the basic principles of the planning economy, which was based on the planning economy and state-owned enterprises, cooperatives and other workers associations. Article 26 and 27 of the Constitution of 1976 define the following: "For the administration of the means, which are in ownership of the people, the state creates companies, which operate in the interest of the society, defined in the state plan". "The prices of selling products of the companies and purchase prices of fruit products and animals are determined by the state". These constitutional norms forced state-owned enterprises and agricultural cooperatives, to use the means of production in a centralized form, to meet the obligations of the plan and to ensure the interests of society (Çela, Çami, Hysi, Omari, 1978, 125). In this context, main aim of this article is the function and content of the enterprise during communism in Albania.
Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2021
This article deals with the peculiarities of translating legal terminology from German into Alban... more This article deals with the peculiarities of translating legal terminology from German into Albanian and vice versa. Legal texts constitute an important part of translation into both languages. Translations of legal texts in Albania have increased since the latter's attempts to join the EU. European Union translation materials are in large volumes and require a lot of work. Therefore, the request for translation of legal documents, such as provisions or court decisions into other languages of the Union, including German, has increased. Despite institutional efforts to draft a glossary of legislation with the cooperation of professionals led by the OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation), as well as some efforts made in compiling Albanian-German legal dictionaries, there are no genuine publications in the Albanian language that handle the problems of translation in this field. Since technical legal language is a practical or institutional language, it is characterized by...
Macedonia is a candidate state for EU Membership. During Communism, Macedonia followed the commun... more Macedonia is a candidate state for EU Membership. During Communism, Macedonia followed the communist pattern (as a consequence of the system of selfadministration of workers as part of the Yugoslav Federation) and the transition process in the beginning of the 90's was followed by a fundamental change not only in the whole economic system but in the whole society. But before the transition, with the coming of Communism, Macedonia as part of the Yugoslav Federation followed the Soviet pattern from 1945-1951 with: nationalization of major enterprises, state direction of investment and production through a series of Five-Year Plans, emphasis on heavy industry and collectivization of agriculture. After 1951, Macedonia followed its own system with the selfadministration of workers a mix of central planning-and free market economy until 1990. The problem with transition in Macedonia after 1990 was closely connected with the extent and form of implementation of economic reforms and esp...
Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 2016
Competition law and cartel 1 is the basis of a modern economy. While in the US, competition law e... more Competition law and cartel 1 is the basis of a modern economy. While in the US, competition law exists and is terminologically known and is part of legislation since 1890 (Sherman Law), in Europe, it has become part of the founding treaties of the EU since 1957 by the Treaty of Rome. However, at that time, "culture of competition" would be born in the member states of the EU, which traditionally favor cartel agreements, state aid and the promotion of national products. Some EU member states have included competition law in their national legislation in the early 90-s. 2 Rules were set for the fi rst time on competition in the coal and steel market under Articles 65 and 66 of the Treaty of Rome, constituted a new terminology for member states. Albania has worked during these 24 years of democracy, to apply the basic principles of market economy and along with it the Lisbon Treaty, Regulations and EU Directives in the frame of competition. Main purpose of this manuscript is to give an overview of the abuse of dominant position in the frame of the most important court decision of this legal institution in Albania.
Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 2015
The Socialist Yugoslav Federation established from 1951 to 1990 introduced the so-called system o... more The Socialist Yugoslav Federation established from 1951 to 1990 introduced the so-called system of “social ownership”. While in the system of planned economy, private property was negated from “means of production”, in the economic system of self-management of workers (Yugoslav Federation) an object (thing) that was in social property had no owner. In Yugoslavia, from 19741990, the “Basic organization of associated labor” was the institution which met the needs of the economic system of self-management and social property. The “Basic organization of associated labor” was defined in Article 14 of the Yugoslav Constitution from 1974 as “a workers union, in which workers fulfill directly or equally their social-, economicand self-administering rights, and decide on issues dealing with the socio-economic situation of the organization”. Based on Article 463 of the law “On associated labor” from 1976, this organization consisted of the Council of Workers, which was also the centraland the...
Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 2016
Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 2016
The legal system during communism is understandable in Albania only if we study its legal institu... more The legal system during communism is understandable in Albania only if we study its legal institutions and development. In this context, a chronological presentation is needed, based mainly on the work of Krisafi, Ballanca, Luarasi, Gjika, Elezi, Omari, Brozi, Gjilani (2009). In this framework, the analysis of this manuscript is closely related to the pre communism situation, not only in the frame of history of property law, but also institutions and content they had during the communism era. Main purpose of this article is the analysis of property-and commercial law in Albania, in the context of the consequences they brought in the transformation process of Albania with the fall of Communism and establishment of democracy.
Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 2015
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2021
In life, it often happens that humans take different actions on different occasions to save man o... more In life, it often happens that humans take different actions on different occasions to save man or his wealth. These actions can be taken when there is a need to protect the integrity of man and his wealth, both individual and social wealth. Man performs these actions morally and without any institutional obligation. Man does the action without consent in order to save one's life or another's wealth. There is a need for such an action, because everyone sometimes in certain cases needs mutual help. With these behaviors of people, it is seen that they do not take these actions out of legal obligation, but act and should act with the consciousness and conscience of the civilized man. People who do this are driven by the need for cooperation, humanity, existence at the expense of the other, namely society. A person performs this action by perpetrating the work of another without consent for any other person. Hence, they undertake some factual and legal action for the other, sacr...
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2021
Evidence is an important concept in order to reveal whether a crime really exists or not and inte... more Evidence is an important concept in order to reveal whether a crime really exists or not and integrate it with all its elements. There are numerous methods of crime scene investigation in forensic cases. During the judgment phase, the most important factor that will help understand and decide the manner in which the incident took place is the evidence that will provide proof with regard to the incident. Therefore, evidence helps prosecutors and judges correctly understand and establish the relationship between the crime and the criminals and prove the committed crime and ensure correct, fair and rapid execution of the trial with the aim of reaching the material truth. Evidence obtained in the crime scene provides information with regard to the manner in which the crime was committed, the time of the crime, thebehaviour of the perpetrator, the suspect, the victim and the crime scene ensuring the establishment of the relationship between them. On the other hand, with the digital syste...