Esam Ismail - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Esam Ismail

Journal of Geographic Information System, 2012

Due to the growing of population in Egypt during the last few decades, great changes in agricultu... more Due to the growing of population in Egypt during the last few decades, great changes in agricultural area, and urbanization of Egypt art occurred. In this study we utilized the available record of multitemporal Land sat Thematic Mapper (Tm) and Egypt sat image to produce land cover/land use map of the area between 1987 and 2009. Also we used the post-classification change detection analysis to detect the change in the agriculture, urban areas and the change in the River Nile during the period between 1987 and 2009. The post-classification change detection analysis shows that agriculture development increased by 1785.96 Hectare through the study period with average annual rate of land reclamation 81.18 Hectare/year. While the urban area increased by 2231.24 Hectare with average annual rate 101.42 Hectare/ year the increase of the urbanization and the growth occurring through encroachment into the farmer old cultivated lands. The change in the River Nile is not so much is reached to 138.32 Hectare in the study period with average annual rate 6.29 Hectare/year. The result of this study show that, the accuracy are quantify with the land cover changes and also delineate their spatial patterns, which display the efficiency of land sat in evaluating landscape dynamics over a particular time span. This data are very useful for natural resources management.

Water

Globally, groundwater is a valuable natural resource that may be relied upon for irrigation and d... more Globally, groundwater is a valuable natural resource that may be relied upon for irrigation and drinking needs. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the groundwater geochemistry in the West of El Qusiya, Assuit, Egypt. Groundwater suitability for irrigation has been estimated with some methods, for instance, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Killey ratio (KR), magnesium hazard (MH), permeability index (PI), Piper trilinear diagram, and USSL diagram. The Piper diagram shows that the sodium and potassium (Na+K) kind dominates the water chemistry, followed by the mixed type. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation matrix analysis (PCMA) statistical methods reveal that the physicochemical parameters of water collected from the Eocene and Pleistocene aquifers are produced from mixed origins. The geogenic origin reflects the lithologi...

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, Jan 20, 2018

One of the most important pathways for exposure to metals is drinking water ingestion. Chronic or... more One of the most important pathways for exposure to metals is drinking water ingestion. Chronic or acute exposure to metals can endanger the health of the exposed population, and hence, estimation of human health risks is crucial. In the current study for the first time, the concentrations of Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Cobalt (Co) in 120 collected tap water samples (2015, July-November) from Ilam city, Iran were investigated using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Also, the metal-induced carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for consumers exposed to tap drinking water were calculated. The average (range) concentrations of Hg, Zn, As, Pb and Co were defined as 0.40 ± 0.10 μg/L (ND-0.9 μg/L), 5014 ± 5707 μg/L (2900.00-5668.33 μg/L), 21.008 ± 2.876 μg/L (3.5-62 μg/L), 30.38 ± 5.56 μg/L (6-87 μg/L), and 11.34 ± 1.61 μg/L (0.1-50 μg/L), respectively. Average concentrations of all examined metals were significantly higher than WHO and national standard ...

Exposure and Health, 2021

Groundwater is a vital water supply available in Egypt. Hydrogeochemical processes are important ... more Groundwater is a vital water supply available in Egypt. Hydrogeochemical processes are important in regulating groundwater quality, impacting human health. In this paper, the relationships between diverse groundwater quality parameters, potential sources of groundwater pollution, and overall health risk were assessed in the Assiut Province, Egypt. For this study, 108 groundwater samples were collected randomly from the study area and analyzed to evaluate their quality. The obtained data were compared to the limit values recommended by the World Health Organization and the Egyptian water standards. The combination of hydrogeochemical and statistical methods proved that the groundwater salinity ranged between fresh and slightly saline. Furthermore, the water–rock interactions, the return flow of the irrigation water, and agricultural fertilizers are the main factors controlling groundwater compositions. Based on human health consideration, 3.7%, 2.8%, 5.6%, 5.6%, and 17.6% of the groundwater samples are rated as poor water due to the elevated concentrations of EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, and SO42−, respectively. Ingesting this water presents a risk to human health and has a serious impact on the skin, hair, and eyes.

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2021

Beni-Suef desert represents one of the interesting areas for land reclamation and future urban ar... more Beni-Suef desert represents one of the interesting areas for land reclamation and future urban areas. This work aimed to assess the groundwater potentiality and suitability for different purposes by using the electrical resistivity and hydrochemistry studies. In the area of investigation, 32 vertical electrical soundings (VES) were implemented in order to determine the groundwater potentiality, as well as 42 samples of water were collected and analyzed. The suitability of gathered samples of water for irrigation was evaluated throughout: salinity index, sodium hazard (Na %), ratio of sodium adsorption (SAR), chloride hazards, soluble sodium percentage (SSP), magnesium ratio (MH), and other indicators. Results were represented in “Opportunity Map” by GIS layers, to denote major element distribution. Analysis indicated a presence of two potentiality zones in the study area that refer to Quaternary and Eocene aquifer. Results indicated that the east and north parts of the area of investigation have low groundwater potentiality for irrigation and domestic uses, whereas southern region has medium groundwater potentiality. On the other hand, all the gathered samples of groundwater are inappropriate for domestic use. Most of the studied groundwater samples can be used for irrigation according to SAR and US salinity chart, residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s ratio (KR), and permeability index. The prepared opportunity map reflects the evaluation of water potentiality in the study area.

Science of The Total Environment, 2021

Shallow aquifer mapping and large-scale characterization of groundwater dynamics in the Saharan-A... more Shallow aquifer mapping and large-scale characterization of groundwater dynamics in the Saharan-Arabian Desert is largely impeded by the limited hydrological datasets from sparse and unevenly distributed well logs. Today, as these aquifers are depleting at alarming rates in response to climatic and anthropogenic stresses, accurate knowledge of their dynamical characteristics is not only essential for understanding the water deficit in these increasingly populated areas but also to understand the regional and global environmental impacts of such changes. Herein, we suggest that groundwater mounding can be used for assessing aquifer connectivity in hyper-arid deserts. Using the shallow Post Nubian Aquifer System (PNAS) in Egypt as a test site, we integrate remote sensing, isotopic, hydrochemical and geoelectrical methods to characterize the Saharan groundwater mounds, examine the structural control on groundwater dynamics and discuss the potential of future satellite missions to characterize aquifer connectivity. The results suggest that groundwater mounding in the PNAS is attributed to artesian discharge of the deep Nubian Aquifer System (NAS) along the intersection of WNW and E-W major faults. This is evident by the dominant isotopic signature (δ18O: -9.93‰; δ2H: -79.05) of the deep NAS in the shallow PNAS with a percentage of up to 85% in the faulted zone. The 2D-Electrical Restively Imaging (ERI) delineate multiple small-scale mounds, atop of faults, that can attain 37 m height above average water table creating a relatively steep hydraulic gradient and deviating the groundwater flow direction. Future orbital radar sounding missions can benefit from characterizing the geometry of these mounds to define the measurement requirements of such hydrological features. The large-scale time-coherent subsurface mapping of the Saharan-Arabian aquifers can provide unique insights to examine the aquifer connectivity and the response of aquifers to climatic and anthropogenic stresses in desert areas that otherwise cannot be addressed using existing sporadic well-logs.

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2021

Abstract Water contamination by mutagenic microchemicals is a worldwide problem. To evaluate the ... more Abstract Water contamination by mutagenic microchemicals is a worldwide problem. To evaluate the overall water quality and identify the source(s) of pollutants (B, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in different watercourses in middle-upper Egypt, we analyzed 66 surface water samples collected from the significant waterways. In addition to trace pollutants, 15 physicochemical parameters (pH, Temperature, EC, alkalinity, DO, BOD, COD, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3 -, SO4 2-, Cl-, and NO3 -) were measured. Multivariate statistical approaches such as exploratory principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and correlation matrix analysis were applied to explore the sources of the contaminants. Data reveal that surface water quality in the investigated area is threatened by high concentrations of trace elements, which are higher than the permissible limits recommended by WHO guidelines and Egyptian standards for drinking water and irrigation purposes. Statistical analyses suggest that surface water contamination is the result of interference of natural (geogenic related to rock–water interaction) and human (interrelated to agrogenic and domestic sewage) inputs. The study will help decision-makers to take appropriate actions for freshwater sustainable management and protection. Moreover, surface water should be treated before use for drinking purposes.

Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2019

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2019

Groundwater is an important freshwater source for agricultural, drinking and industrial use in ar... more Groundwater is an important freshwater source for agricultural, drinking and industrial use in arid areas. The present study integrates geographic information system (GIS), hydrochemistry, and factor analysis to assess groundwater quality under expanding agricultural activities in Qena Governorate, Egypt. A total of 73 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids, major cations (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K +), major anions (HCO 3-,Cl-, SO 4 2-, F-), and total hardness. The spatial distribution of these analyzed physico-chemical parameters was mapped with GIS. According to the World Health Organization and Egyptian water standards, the computed water quality index shows that about 62% of the groundwater wells are suitable for drinking. Groundwater suitability for irrigation was assessed on the basis of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley ratio (KR), magnesium hazard (MH). It is found that 99% of the wells are suitable for irrigation when considering the values of EC, and SAR only. However, only 50% of the wells are suitable for irrigation if Na + %, RSC, and KR are considered. Hydrochemical classification and factor analysis indicate that the groundwater is Na +-Cl-(58%) and MgCl (23%) dominant which signifies the role of evaporation under intensive irrigation and hot climate. Dissolution of evaporites loads the system with Na + and Clwhereas return flow from irrigation transports solutes to groundwater. Increasing Mg 2+ is due to dolomitic dissolution and the use of fertilizers. Moreover, ionic exchange activities increase Na + concentration in the groundwater at the expense of Ca 2+ , but does not affect Mg 2+. The integration of traditional hydrochemical analysis and GIS with factor analysis is useful to understand the factors controlling groundwater chemistry and may aid decision makers toward effective groundwater quality management.

DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2018

Groundwater in West of Sohag represents the second source for freshwater used for agricultural, d... more Groundwater in West of Sohag represents the second source for freshwater used for agricultural, domestic, and industrial purposes. The main objectives of this study are to assess the hydrochemistry characteristics of groundwater resources and evaluate it for different uses. This study is based on chemical analyses of 166 groundwater samples that were collected from the investigated area in 2014.The result of analysis has been used to evaluate the collected groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes by comparing those parameters with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Egyptian standards. 56% of the collected groundwater samples are suitable for drinking, and 44% are unsuitable due to their high levels of salinity (>1,000 ppm). Most of the collected groundwater samples of the studied area are unsuitable for domestic or industrial purposes due to the high level of hardness (84% hard to very hard). The quality of collected water for irrigation was evaluated using salinity hazard, US Salinity Laboratory diagram, sodium percent (Na %), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazard (MH), Kelly's ratio (KR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), and potential salinity (PS). The majority of the collected groundwater samples are safe for irrigation based on salinity, SAR and US salinity diagram. About half of the collected samples are suitable for irrigation, while the other half is unsuitable based on Na %, RSC, KR, and PS. According to MH and SSP, most of the collected samples are unsuitable for agriculture under ordinary conditions.

NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 2018

View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full length art... more View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full length article Implementation of magnetic and gravity methods to delineate the subsurface structural features of the basement complex in central Sinai area, Egypt

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2019

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2017

The main aim of the present study is to detect the status of groundwater resources in west Mallaw... more The main aim of the present study is to detect the status of groundwater resources in west Mallawi area which represented one of the new reclamation lands. In order to achieve this aim, the hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical studies are carried out, based on the results of 21 pumping tests and chemical analysis of 29 water samples. Two water-bearing units are detected in the study area, namely, the Eocene fractured limestone aquifer which occupies the east portion of the studied area. The second aquifer consists of friable sediments of sand and gravel and may be related to the late Oligocene-early Miocene age and overlies the limestone rocks in the west, and this aquifer were studied for the first time in this work. Regionally, the groundwater flow in the area under study occurs toward the north and east directions. There is a hydraulic connection between both aquifers through the structural pattern affected the area. The partial recharge of the both aquifers takes place through the upward leakage from deep aquifers and the Nile water. There is a general decrease in the water salinity from west to east direction. The groundwater of both aquifers was evaluated for the different purposes and concluded that, it is considered suitable for different uses.

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2019

The demand for freshwater supplies is progressively ascending owing to the increase of the popula... more The demand for freshwater supplies is progressively ascending owing to the increase of the population expansion and economic growth. Available water resources have been reduced by pollution and over-pumping. Groundwater modeling is a powerful tool for water resources management, groundwater protection, and remediation. The aim of this study is to develop a numerical groundwater flow model for the Quaternary aquifer in Samalut city, Minia Governorate, Egypt. The model is used to determine the hydrogeological conditions of the aquifer, the flow directions as well as calculating the rates of recharge and discharge between surface water and groundwater in the study area. Furthermore, scenarios were designed in the model to assess the response of the aquifer to increase the groundwater extraction in the future. The model was calibrated by trial and error; simulated results were compared to the observed head and contour maps, which were generally in good agreement. No typical steady-state condition is prevailed in the aquifer and groundwater flow directions are toward northeast direction. The River Nile acts as a drain in the study area, while El-Ibrahimiya Canal and Bahr Yusef act as a source of aquifer recharge. The proposed scenarios showed that surface water plays an important role in recharging the aquifer during increasing groundwater extraction. The results showed that the change in the aquifer storage will be decreased from + 48,125 m 3 /day in the current state (2013) to + 27,134 m 3 /day and − 869 m 3 /day when the groundwater extraction is increased by 25% and 50%, respectively.

Ecological Indicators, 2019

Metal pollution may pose a high risk to the ecosystem stability. To evaluate the impact of the me... more Metal pollution may pose a high risk to the ecosystem stability. To evaluate the impact of the metal pollution on the biodiversity, metals concentrations in sediments, water, and molluscan shells were analyzed at sixteen sites in the Manzala lagoon, which is the largest in the Nile-Delta. The samples were collected along a gradient from the main agricultural drain, which brings mixed industrial, domestic, and agricultural wastes. An exponential trend of increasing metals concentration towards the main agricultural drain was observed. For sediment and faunal samples this trend was statistically significant in most cases, however, this trend was not found for all metals in water samples except for Zn. Partial Least Square (PLS) model confirmed that the distance to the drain is a second major predictor of the observed metal concentrations after sediment grain-size, while other physicochemical parameters have minor effects. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between most metals in the fauna and their respective sediments. In contrast, neither sediment nor faunal metal concentrations did correlate with water samples. Collectively, all pollution indices (enrichment factor, contamination factor, and geo-accumulation index) indicate high pollution by Cd and Pb and moderate pollution by Zn. UPGMA clustering and non-metric Multidimensional scaling (nMDS) classified the sites in the lagoon into three main categories: 1) highly polluted southeast corner around the drain, 2) moderately polluted northeastern corner, where the newly widened and deepened sea-outlet occur, 3) unpolluted northwestern part, which located away from the drain. Multiple regression analysis showed that the distance to the pollution source, salinity, and water depth are significantly predict the faunal diversity. Furthermore, the Pollution Load index (PLI) was significantly correlated with the diversity indices. Lower diversity and dominance of opportunistic taxa in the polluted sites are interpreted to be negative consequences of the metal pollution.

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2018

Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2015

Current research has been focused on heavy metals pollution in surface water and groundwater and ... more Current research has been focused on heavy metals pollution in surface water and groundwater and effect on irrigated soil from El Minia Province, north Upper Egypt. Concentration of heavy metals (e.g., As, Co, Hg, Ni, Se, Cd and Cr) in surface water, groundwater and irrigated soil samples is most significantly affected by leachate of many pollutants as the factories, agricultural activities, urban and natural processes. Microbiological parameters and microscopic investigations are revealed that some localities are common by microorganisms , which are unsuitable for drinking waters.

Natural Resources, 2014

The major issues concerning water development and management include water conservation and the e... more The major issues concerning water development and management include water conservation and the efficiency of water use; cost recovery, social and environmental factors. So continuous monitoring was essential to evaluate the reclamation impacts on the groundwater potentiality such as Esna Area, Luxor Governorate, Egypt. The main objective of this work is to determine the new development areas in Esna during the period from 1984 to 2011 using remote sensing technique, the impacts of the present and future development have been evaluated by using the two-dimensional numerical groundwater flow Simulation Package (visual modflow 4.2). The package was used to construct and calibrate a numerical model that can be used to simulate the response of the aquifer in the study area under implementing different management alternatives in the form of changes in piezometric levels and salinity. From land use maps of the study area for year 2011, it was observed a lot of changes in development areas especially on the border of the old land. The change in land reclaimed area was estimated with 44% in the period from year 1984 to 2011. This development accompanied with draw down about 2.5 meters through this period of time. The authors recommended applying different kinds of change detection technique on the study area. Compare between results, continuous monitoring of the development area is highly recommended.