Ese Urhie - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ese Urhie

Research paper thumbnail of Modern Agriculture and Employment Generation in Nigeria: A Recursive Model Approach

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of International Journal of Economics and Finance Vol.1, No. 1, February 2009

International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2009

The aim of this paper is to examine the interaction between stock prices and exchange rates in Au... more The aim of this paper is to examine the interaction between stock prices and exchange rates in Australia. During the period of the study, the value of the stock market increased by two-thirds and the Australian dollar exchange rate appreciated by almost one-third. The empirical analysis employed provides evidence of a positive co-integrating relationship between these variables, with Granger causality found to run from stock prices to the exchange rate during the sample period. Although commodity prices have not been included, the significance of the results lends support to the notion that these two key financial variables interacted in a manner consistent with the portfolio balance model, that is, stock price movements cause changes in the exchange rate. This challenges the traditional view of the Australian economy as export-dependent, and also suggests that the Australian stock market has the depth and liquidity to adequately compete for both domestic and international capital against other larger markets.

Research paper thumbnail of Financial sector development and domestic savings in South Asia

Economic Modelling, 2013

ABSTRACT Given the limited capital flows to developing countries in South Asia, domestic savings ... more ABSTRACT Given the limited capital flows to developing countries in South Asia, domestic savings is the primary source of investment and growth. Financial sector development and access to financial institutions are important determinants of savings ratios in developing countries. In this context, we empirically examine the role of financial development on savings ratios of five South Asian countries after controlling for other relevant variables for the period 1975–2010 and also for two sub-periods—the pre-reforms period (1975–1991) and the post-reforms period (1992–2010). We find that financial sector development positively affects total and private savings in South Asia along with per capita income, share of agriculture and foreign savings. Results also support the humped-shaped relationship between financial development and savings. The causality results support that financial development leads to higher savings mobilisation in South Asia.

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Financial Literacy in Poverty Reduction

ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, Oct 22, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues Examining the Relative Roles of Domestic and Foreign Direct Investments in Nigeria

This study examines the relative relevance of domestic investment (DI) and foreign direct investm... more This study examines the relative relevance of domestic investment (DI) and foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic performance in Nigeria (1980-2014). In an attempt to achieve this broad objective, annual time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin, which was estimated using vector error correction technique, among others. The results, inter alia, show that both DI and FDI had significant effect on Nigeria's economic performance; however, the influence of the former was observed to be far greater than the latter with marked difference both in terms of the level of significance and size. Thus, the study recommends, among others, the need for government to create the ambience that will enable domestic investors to thrive, on one hand, and be complemented by foreign investment, on the other.

Research paper thumbnail of Inflation Rate, Exchange Rate Volatility and Exchange Rate Pass-Through Nexus:The Nigerian Experience

In recent times, the Nigerian economy has been experiencing significant exchange rate fluctuation... more In recent times, the Nigerian economy has been experiencing significant exchange rate fluctuations, particularly depreciation in the foreign exchange market which has been accompanied with inflation. Thus, this paper investigates the degree of passthrough of the official and parallel exchange rates to inflation as well as the relationship between exchange rate volatility and inflation in Nigeria based on monthly time series data (January 2006 to December 2015). In achieving its objectives, the study employs the Generalised Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH), technique, which was complemented using Co-integration, Vector Error Correction Model, Variance Decomposition and Impulse Response techniques. The results suggest that the parallel exchange rate passes through to inflation in the short run while the officialexchange rate passes through to inflation in the long-run exclusively. It also reveals that exchange rate volatility has a positive and significant effect...

Research paper thumbnail of Examining the Relative Roles of Domestic and Foreign Direct Investments in Nigeria

International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2017

This study examines the relative relevance of domestic investment (DI) and foreign direct investm... more This study examines the relative relevance of domestic investment (DI) and foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic performance in Nigeria (1980-2014). In an attempt to achieve this broad objective, annual time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)’s Statistical Bulletin, which was estimated using Vector Error Correction (VEC) technique, among others. The results, inter alia, show that both DI and FDI had significant effect on Nigeria’s economic performance; however, the influence of the former was observed to be far greater than the latter with marked difference both in terms of the level of significance and size. Thus, the study recommends, among others, the need for government to create the ambience that will enable domestic investors to thrive, on one hand, and be complemented by foreign investment, on the other.

Research paper thumbnail of Modern Agriculture and Employment Growth in Nigeria

Nigeria is blessed with abundant land resources, its agricultural land, has been increasing which... more Nigeria is blessed with abundant land resources, its agricultural land, has been increasing which means it has a higher advantage in boosting agricultural productivity and employment growth in the economy, but this potential is not being realized. This study is aimed at examining the impact modern agriculture on employment growth in Nigeria. The methodology adopted for the study is the Recursive Ordinary Least Square estimation method. The variables used in the model are: Foreign Direct Investment, Export, Export Price Index, Agricultural Value Added per Worker, Agricultural Output, Agricultural Machineries & Tractor, Agricultural Credit, Inflation Rate, Exchange Rate, Government Expenditure on Education and Employment Rate. Using time series data spanning from 1980 to 2014, the result shows; a significant and positive relationship between agricultural productivity growth and modern agriculture, a significant and negative relationship between export price index and agricultural prod...

Research paper thumbnail of Government Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Case of Nigeria

The role of government in the growth and development process of an economy has remained a content... more The role of government in the growth and development process of an economy has remained a contentious issue among economists and policymakers in developed and developing nations. While Keynesian economists present an argument for growth-inducing role of government expenditure on the economy, critics also argue that government participation in economic activities is fraught with inefficiencies and therefore an impediment to growth. A third dimension to the argument derives from whether or not the interaction between government expenditure and growth is linear or non-linear thereby raising the issue of whether there exists an optimum size of government expenditure for an economy. Over the years, fiscal operations in Nigeria show a steady increase in government expenditure vis-à-vis sub-optimal economic performance (measured by growth in GDP). Studies on government expenditure-economic growth nexus show mixed results. To contribute to literature on the subject, this study examines the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Carbon Emissions, Agricultural Output and Life Expectancy in West Africa

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Economic growth, air pollution and health outcomes in Nigeria: A moderated mediation model

Cogent Social Sciences, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Human Capital Formation: Implication for Knowledge-Based Economy

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2020

This study examines the relationship between technology, human capital and economic growth and al... more This study examines the relationship between technology, human capital and economic growth and also attempts to establish their implications on knowledge based economy in Nigeria. The data used for the study are from secondary sources while the new growth model was also adopted. The dependent variable in the model is the level of real output while the explanatory variables are gross capital formation and government expenditure on education. The result of the causality test shows that is a uni-directional relationship running from gross capital formation and real output, human capital formation and real output growths do not Granger cause each other while causality runs from human capital to capital formation and vice versa. The implication of the result; the increase in economic growth has not improve the rate of capital formation in Nigeria. The study concluded that Nigeria has been slow to identify the strands of global knowledge due to the following: Weak institutions; limited awareness and disincentives preventing them from taking the root to the knowledge and information based-economy. Based on the findings the study recommended; strategies in which education can be incorporated into the growth system. Research and development should be encouraged as well and polices that promote output through savings.

Research paper thumbnail of Health implications of economic growth: the role of air pollution

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019

Economic growth comes with benefit and cost. The benefits include improved standard of living, be... more Economic growth comes with benefit and cost. The benefits include improved standard of living, better health care facilities and longer years of living as well as better chances of attaining higher education. There are also costs to economic growth. Economic growth entails increasing productive and consumption activities that can lead to health challenges, increase in income inequality, depletion of natural resources and increased environmental pollution, especially air pollution. Air pollution also indirectly affects income generation and savings for households. It places additional cost burden on governments. This paper thus evaluated the relationship that exists between economic growth and health performance in Nigeria vis-à-vis air pollution. The study used the PROCESS software to estimate the direct, indirect and total effects of economic growth on the health performance in Nigeria. The study found a direct and positive relationship exist between gross domestic product and life...

Research paper thumbnail of Agriculture as a Stimulant for Sustainable Development in ECOWAS

Research paper thumbnail of Food Security, Institutional Framework and Technology: Examining the Nexus in Nigeria Using ARDL Approach

Current Nutrition & Food Science, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Growth, Air Pollution Standards Enforcement and Employment Generation Nexus in the Nigerian Context

International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 2017

performance could be classified as a growth miracle. This impressive performance resulted in more... more performance could be classified as a growth miracle. This impressive performance resulted in more than eight-fold increase in the country's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita ($377 in 2000 to $3184 in 2014). In spite of this performance unemployment rate in the country has continued to soar. Overall unemployment rate increased persistently from 12.3 percent in 2006 to 23.9 percent in 2011. Youth unemployment has remained consistently high at over 13 percent since 2000. This is an indication of non-inclusive growth. Economic growth is expected to result in several social and economic benefits: these include reduction in poverty, inequality and environmental degradation, as well as increase in education, health, welfare, employment and income. On the other hand, both economic activities and consumption pattern result in costs that could affect inclusive growth and sustainable development. For instance, increased output in Nigeria will result in an increase in carbon monoxide emission. The health effect of carbon monoxide (CO) has two adverse economic implications: first, the health effect of CO could lead to loss of productivity and death; secondly, it leads to higher expenditure on health, lower savings and eventually lower investment which could affect future economic growth. An effective enforcement of existing environmental and air pollution rules could serve the dual purpose of engendering both inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Thus, this study examines the dynamic relationship between economic growth, air pollution standards enforcement and employment generation in Nigeria. The overall objective of this study is to outline the critical relationship between economic growth and the environment and to use the knowledge to make better and wiser decisions that will engender inclusive economic growth. Specifically, this study will address the following objectives: To ascertain the correlation between economic growth and air pollution in Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Manufacturing Industries and Construction Emissions in Nigeria: Examining the Effects on Health Conditions

It has been observed that the manufacturing industries, the transport of building materials and t... more It has been observed that the manufacturing industries, the transport of building materials and the installation and construction of buildings consume large amounts of energy and produces large amount of carbon dioxide that have a negative impact on people’s health. Thus, this study examines the effect of manufacturing industries and construction emissions on health conditions in Nigeria using time series data from 1985 to2017 employing the Auto-regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) econometric approach of co-integration. The study found out that there is a negative relationship between carbon emissions and health conditions. Therefore, the study recommends that the government should formulate environmental policies that will help reduce the adverse effect of CO2 emissions; this should be directed towards the industrial sector, thereby reducing the hazards associated with gaseous emissions, when this is done the health condition of the people will be improved upon.

Research paper thumbnail of Remittance Expenditure Patterns and Human Development Outcomes in Nigeria

This paper investigates the relationship between remittance expenditure patterns and its human de... more This paper investigates the relationship between remittance expenditure patterns and its human development implications in migrant sending communities of Nigeria. In Nigeria, migrant sending communities spread across the country and the expenditure patterns of remittance receipts are likely to differ in characterization along states or geographical regions. This possibility is expected to significantly affect the human development outcomes of remittance expenditures in these communities within the country. The paper therefore probes into the extent to which human development outcomes in migrant sending communities of Nigeria can be associated with remittance expenditure patterns across the country. The study employs survey data from the World Bank Migration and Remittances Household Surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2009/2010. Descriptive analyses of the data were conducted to achieve the objectives of the study. The results clearly exhibit remittance expenditure patterns across the re...

Research paper thumbnail of Toward Nigeria's Vision 20:2020: Public Investment in Human Capital and Outcomes

The paper examines Nigeria's public investment in relation to human capital development outc... more The paper examines Nigeria's public investment in relation to human capital development outcomes between 2009 and 2012. The aim is to analyse the extent to which human capital development responds to the smart initiative by the Nigerian Government in its drive towards achieving Nigeria's vision 20:2020. The paper adopted a comparative approach. Human capital in Nigeria was compared with those of Belgium, Poland, Saudi Arabia and Sweden that have been in contention for the 20 th largest economy since 2009. The paper found out that the huge investment in education and health in 2011 and 2012 has produced mixed results in human capital development. Some of the challenges identified as hindrances to the achievement of the set targets include; inadequate funding, corruption and child labour. Therefore, the paper concludes that a new law -the Project Implementation Continuity Act which was initiated should be fully implemented. This will ensure that all projects started must be ...

Research paper thumbnail of Educational Human Capital Development and Unemployment in Nigeria

Research paper thumbnail of Modern Agriculture and Employment Generation in Nigeria: A Recursive Model Approach

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of International Journal of Economics and Finance Vol.1, No. 1, February 2009

International Journal of Economics and Finance, 2009

The aim of this paper is to examine the interaction between stock prices and exchange rates in Au... more The aim of this paper is to examine the interaction between stock prices and exchange rates in Australia. During the period of the study, the value of the stock market increased by two-thirds and the Australian dollar exchange rate appreciated by almost one-third. The empirical analysis employed provides evidence of a positive co-integrating relationship between these variables, with Granger causality found to run from stock prices to the exchange rate during the sample period. Although commodity prices have not been included, the significance of the results lends support to the notion that these two key financial variables interacted in a manner consistent with the portfolio balance model, that is, stock price movements cause changes in the exchange rate. This challenges the traditional view of the Australian economy as export-dependent, and also suggests that the Australian stock market has the depth and liquidity to adequately compete for both domestic and international capital against other larger markets.

Research paper thumbnail of Financial sector development and domestic savings in South Asia

Economic Modelling, 2013

ABSTRACT Given the limited capital flows to developing countries in South Asia, domestic savings ... more ABSTRACT Given the limited capital flows to developing countries in South Asia, domestic savings is the primary source of investment and growth. Financial sector development and access to financial institutions are important determinants of savings ratios in developing countries. In this context, we empirically examine the role of financial development on savings ratios of five South Asian countries after controlling for other relevant variables for the period 1975–2010 and also for two sub-periods—the pre-reforms period (1975–1991) and the post-reforms period (1992–2010). We find that financial sector development positively affects total and private savings in South Asia along with per capita income, share of agriculture and foreign savings. Results also support the humped-shaped relationship between financial development and savings. The causality results support that financial development leads to higher savings mobilisation in South Asia.

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Financial Literacy in Poverty Reduction

ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, Oct 22, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues Examining the Relative Roles of Domestic and Foreign Direct Investments in Nigeria

This study examines the relative relevance of domestic investment (DI) and foreign direct investm... more This study examines the relative relevance of domestic investment (DI) and foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic performance in Nigeria (1980-2014). In an attempt to achieve this broad objective, annual time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin, which was estimated using vector error correction technique, among others. The results, inter alia, show that both DI and FDI had significant effect on Nigeria's economic performance; however, the influence of the former was observed to be far greater than the latter with marked difference both in terms of the level of significance and size. Thus, the study recommends, among others, the need for government to create the ambience that will enable domestic investors to thrive, on one hand, and be complemented by foreign investment, on the other.

Research paper thumbnail of Inflation Rate, Exchange Rate Volatility and Exchange Rate Pass-Through Nexus:The Nigerian Experience

In recent times, the Nigerian economy has been experiencing significant exchange rate fluctuation... more In recent times, the Nigerian economy has been experiencing significant exchange rate fluctuations, particularly depreciation in the foreign exchange market which has been accompanied with inflation. Thus, this paper investigates the degree of passthrough of the official and parallel exchange rates to inflation as well as the relationship between exchange rate volatility and inflation in Nigeria based on monthly time series data (January 2006 to December 2015). In achieving its objectives, the study employs the Generalised Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH), technique, which was complemented using Co-integration, Vector Error Correction Model, Variance Decomposition and Impulse Response techniques. The results suggest that the parallel exchange rate passes through to inflation in the short run while the officialexchange rate passes through to inflation in the long-run exclusively. It also reveals that exchange rate volatility has a positive and significant effect...

Research paper thumbnail of Examining the Relative Roles of Domestic and Foreign Direct Investments in Nigeria

International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2017

This study examines the relative relevance of domestic investment (DI) and foreign direct investm... more This study examines the relative relevance of domestic investment (DI) and foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic performance in Nigeria (1980-2014). In an attempt to achieve this broad objective, annual time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)’s Statistical Bulletin, which was estimated using Vector Error Correction (VEC) technique, among others. The results, inter alia, show that both DI and FDI had significant effect on Nigeria’s economic performance; however, the influence of the former was observed to be far greater than the latter with marked difference both in terms of the level of significance and size. Thus, the study recommends, among others, the need for government to create the ambience that will enable domestic investors to thrive, on one hand, and be complemented by foreign investment, on the other.

Research paper thumbnail of Modern Agriculture and Employment Growth in Nigeria

Nigeria is blessed with abundant land resources, its agricultural land, has been increasing which... more Nigeria is blessed with abundant land resources, its agricultural land, has been increasing which means it has a higher advantage in boosting agricultural productivity and employment growth in the economy, but this potential is not being realized. This study is aimed at examining the impact modern agriculture on employment growth in Nigeria. The methodology adopted for the study is the Recursive Ordinary Least Square estimation method. The variables used in the model are: Foreign Direct Investment, Export, Export Price Index, Agricultural Value Added per Worker, Agricultural Output, Agricultural Machineries & Tractor, Agricultural Credit, Inflation Rate, Exchange Rate, Government Expenditure on Education and Employment Rate. Using time series data spanning from 1980 to 2014, the result shows; a significant and positive relationship between agricultural productivity growth and modern agriculture, a significant and negative relationship between export price index and agricultural prod...

Research paper thumbnail of Government Expenditure and Economic Growth: The Case of Nigeria

The role of government in the growth and development process of an economy has remained a content... more The role of government in the growth and development process of an economy has remained a contentious issue among economists and policymakers in developed and developing nations. While Keynesian economists present an argument for growth-inducing role of government expenditure on the economy, critics also argue that government participation in economic activities is fraught with inefficiencies and therefore an impediment to growth. A third dimension to the argument derives from whether or not the interaction between government expenditure and growth is linear or non-linear thereby raising the issue of whether there exists an optimum size of government expenditure for an economy. Over the years, fiscal operations in Nigeria show a steady increase in government expenditure vis-à-vis sub-optimal economic performance (measured by growth in GDP). Studies on government expenditure-economic growth nexus show mixed results. To contribute to literature on the subject, this study examines the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Carbon Emissions, Agricultural Output and Life Expectancy in West Africa

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Economic growth, air pollution and health outcomes in Nigeria: A moderated mediation model

Cogent Social Sciences, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Human Capital Formation: Implication for Knowledge-Based Economy

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2020

This study examines the relationship between technology, human capital and economic growth and al... more This study examines the relationship between technology, human capital and economic growth and also attempts to establish their implications on knowledge based economy in Nigeria. The data used for the study are from secondary sources while the new growth model was also adopted. The dependent variable in the model is the level of real output while the explanatory variables are gross capital formation and government expenditure on education. The result of the causality test shows that is a uni-directional relationship running from gross capital formation and real output, human capital formation and real output growths do not Granger cause each other while causality runs from human capital to capital formation and vice versa. The implication of the result; the increase in economic growth has not improve the rate of capital formation in Nigeria. The study concluded that Nigeria has been slow to identify the strands of global knowledge due to the following: Weak institutions; limited awareness and disincentives preventing them from taking the root to the knowledge and information based-economy. Based on the findings the study recommended; strategies in which education can be incorporated into the growth system. Research and development should be encouraged as well and polices that promote output through savings.

Research paper thumbnail of Health implications of economic growth: the role of air pollution

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019

Economic growth comes with benefit and cost. The benefits include improved standard of living, be... more Economic growth comes with benefit and cost. The benefits include improved standard of living, better health care facilities and longer years of living as well as better chances of attaining higher education. There are also costs to economic growth. Economic growth entails increasing productive and consumption activities that can lead to health challenges, increase in income inequality, depletion of natural resources and increased environmental pollution, especially air pollution. Air pollution also indirectly affects income generation and savings for households. It places additional cost burden on governments. This paper thus evaluated the relationship that exists between economic growth and health performance in Nigeria vis-à-vis air pollution. The study used the PROCESS software to estimate the direct, indirect and total effects of economic growth on the health performance in Nigeria. The study found a direct and positive relationship exist between gross domestic product and life...

Research paper thumbnail of Agriculture as a Stimulant for Sustainable Development in ECOWAS

Research paper thumbnail of Food Security, Institutional Framework and Technology: Examining the Nexus in Nigeria Using ARDL Approach

Current Nutrition & Food Science, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Growth, Air Pollution Standards Enforcement and Employment Generation Nexus in the Nigerian Context

International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 2017

performance could be classified as a growth miracle. This impressive performance resulted in more... more performance could be classified as a growth miracle. This impressive performance resulted in more than eight-fold increase in the country's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita ($377 in 2000 to $3184 in 2014). In spite of this performance unemployment rate in the country has continued to soar. Overall unemployment rate increased persistently from 12.3 percent in 2006 to 23.9 percent in 2011. Youth unemployment has remained consistently high at over 13 percent since 2000. This is an indication of non-inclusive growth. Economic growth is expected to result in several social and economic benefits: these include reduction in poverty, inequality and environmental degradation, as well as increase in education, health, welfare, employment and income. On the other hand, both economic activities and consumption pattern result in costs that could affect inclusive growth and sustainable development. For instance, increased output in Nigeria will result in an increase in carbon monoxide emission. The health effect of carbon monoxide (CO) has two adverse economic implications: first, the health effect of CO could lead to loss of productivity and death; secondly, it leads to higher expenditure on health, lower savings and eventually lower investment which could affect future economic growth. An effective enforcement of existing environmental and air pollution rules could serve the dual purpose of engendering both inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Thus, this study examines the dynamic relationship between economic growth, air pollution standards enforcement and employment generation in Nigeria. The overall objective of this study is to outline the critical relationship between economic growth and the environment and to use the knowledge to make better and wiser decisions that will engender inclusive economic growth. Specifically, this study will address the following objectives: To ascertain the correlation between economic growth and air pollution in Nigeria.

Research paper thumbnail of Manufacturing Industries and Construction Emissions in Nigeria: Examining the Effects on Health Conditions

It has been observed that the manufacturing industries, the transport of building materials and t... more It has been observed that the manufacturing industries, the transport of building materials and the installation and construction of buildings consume large amounts of energy and produces large amount of carbon dioxide that have a negative impact on people’s health. Thus, this study examines the effect of manufacturing industries and construction emissions on health conditions in Nigeria using time series data from 1985 to2017 employing the Auto-regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) econometric approach of co-integration. The study found out that there is a negative relationship between carbon emissions and health conditions. Therefore, the study recommends that the government should formulate environmental policies that will help reduce the adverse effect of CO2 emissions; this should be directed towards the industrial sector, thereby reducing the hazards associated with gaseous emissions, when this is done the health condition of the people will be improved upon.

Research paper thumbnail of Remittance Expenditure Patterns and Human Development Outcomes in Nigeria

This paper investigates the relationship between remittance expenditure patterns and its human de... more This paper investigates the relationship between remittance expenditure patterns and its human development implications in migrant sending communities of Nigeria. In Nigeria, migrant sending communities spread across the country and the expenditure patterns of remittance receipts are likely to differ in characterization along states or geographical regions. This possibility is expected to significantly affect the human development outcomes of remittance expenditures in these communities within the country. The paper therefore probes into the extent to which human development outcomes in migrant sending communities of Nigeria can be associated with remittance expenditure patterns across the country. The study employs survey data from the World Bank Migration and Remittances Household Surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2009/2010. Descriptive analyses of the data were conducted to achieve the objectives of the study. The results clearly exhibit remittance expenditure patterns across the re...

Research paper thumbnail of Toward Nigeria's Vision 20:2020: Public Investment in Human Capital and Outcomes

The paper examines Nigeria's public investment in relation to human capital development outc... more The paper examines Nigeria's public investment in relation to human capital development outcomes between 2009 and 2012. The aim is to analyse the extent to which human capital development responds to the smart initiative by the Nigerian Government in its drive towards achieving Nigeria's vision 20:2020. The paper adopted a comparative approach. Human capital in Nigeria was compared with those of Belgium, Poland, Saudi Arabia and Sweden that have been in contention for the 20 th largest economy since 2009. The paper found out that the huge investment in education and health in 2011 and 2012 has produced mixed results in human capital development. Some of the challenges identified as hindrances to the achievement of the set targets include; inadequate funding, corruption and child labour. Therefore, the paper concludes that a new law -the Project Implementation Continuity Act which was initiated should be fully implemented. This will ensure that all projects started must be ...

Research paper thumbnail of Educational Human Capital Development and Unemployment in Nigeria