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Papers by Franck Garanet

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Mar 19, 2024

doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by pee... more doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Nov 30, 2023

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Data on lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as smoking, alcohol consumption,... more Data on lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, inadequate physical activity, and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, in pregnant women in Africa, are scarce. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular lifestyle risk factors among pregnant women in Burkina Faso and identify their associated factors. Pregnant women who attended antenatal care services between December 2018 and March 2019 were included in this study. A modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with a 95% confidence interval. A total of 1027 pregnant women participated in this study. The prevalence of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, inadequate physical activity, and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables were 10.2% [8.5–12.2], 3.0% [2.1–4.3], 79.4% [76.9–81.8], and 53.5% [50.5–56.6], respectively. The prevalence of more than one cardiovascular lifestyle risk factor in pregnant w...

BMC Public Health

Background We compared the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors between the hypertensive adu... more Background We compared the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors between the hypertensive adults who were aware and unaware of their hypertensive status and assessed the factors associated with being aware of one’s hypertension among adults in Burkina Faso. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the World Health Organization Stepwise approach to surveillance survey conducted in 2013 in Burkina Faso. Lifestyle factors analysed were fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption, tooth cleaning, alcohol and tobacco use, body mass index and physical activity. Results Among 774 adults living with hypertension, 84.9% (95% CI: 82.2–87.3) were unaware of their hypertensive status. The frequencies of unhealthy lifestyle practices in those aware vs. unaware were respectively: 92.3% vs. 96.3%, p = 0.07 for not eating, at least, five FV servings daily; 63.2% vs. 70.5%, p = 0.12 for not cleaning the teeth at least twice a day; 35.9% vs. 42.3%, p = 0.19 for tobacco and/or alcohol use...

Health

Malnutrition is still a widespread public health problem worldwide. The objective of this review ... more Malnutrition is still a widespread public health problem worldwide. The objective of this review is to identify the most effective nutrition programs used in the prevention and management of child malnutrition in children under five years. Also, it is to suggest courses of action to improve interventions in the fight against malnutrition. The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and food diversification improves the mothers' knowledge and contributes to prevention of malnutrition. Food supplementation increases the weight/height ratio of malnourished children. The two programs combined bring better results on mothers' feeding practices and children's anthropometric data. This review has highlighted the importance of food supplementation and nutritional education in the management and prevention of child malnutrition. In addition, the combination of several approaches to good dietary practices brings better results. Finally, primary prevention can protect children from the harmful consequences of malnutrition.

Journal of Life Science and Biomedicine

Introduction. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem, in both developed and deve... more Introduction. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem, in both developed and developing countries, due to its magnitude and strong association with infant morbidity and mortality. Aim. To estimate the prevalence of low birth weight and identify associated factors in children under five years old. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in 8 villages in the commune of Pissila in north-central Burkina Faso, involving 262 mother-child pairs. The factors associated with low birth weight were identified according to the odds ratio (OR) raw and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in the bivariate analysis and according to the adjusted OR in the multivariate analysis. Sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, previous morbidity and factors related to prenatal care were studied. Results. A total of 262 children with birth weights based on official documents were involved in this study. The proportion of low birth weight children was estimated at 1...

Background We compared the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors between the hypertensive adu... more Background We compared the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors between the hypertensive adults who were aware and unaware of their hypertensive status and assessed the factors associated with being aware of one’s hypertension among adults in Burkina Faso. Methods We conducted a secondary-analysis of data from the World Health Organization Stepwise approach to surveillance survey conducted in 2013 in Burkina Faso. Lifestyle factors analysed were fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption, tooth cleaning, alcohol and tobacco use, body mass index and physical activity. Results Among 774 hypertensive adults, 84.9% (95% CI: 82.2–87.3) were unaware of their hypertensive status. In those aware vs unaware respectively, frequencies of unhealthy lifestyle practices were: 92.3 vs 96.3% p = 0.07 for not eating at least five or more FV servings, 63.2 vs 70.5% p = 0.12 for not cleaning the teeth at least twice a day, 35.9 vs 42.3% p = 0.19 for tobacco and/or alcohol use, 53.9 vs 25.4% p = 0.000...

Santé Publique

La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que d... more La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as one of the key interventions with proven eff... more Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as one of the key interventions with proven effectiveness in reducing child morbidity and mortality and malnutrition. However, with the current trend in breastfeeding rates in Guinea, the World Health Assembly target of at least 50% by 2025 is likely to be compromised.The objective of this study was to identify the individual and contextual determinants of the practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Guinea.Method: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The study population consisted of women who gave birth between the ages of 15 and 49. Our sample consisted of women who had their last birth six (06) months prior to collection. The enumeration areas were our second level. A multilevel logistic regression was performed using Stata version 15.1 software. Three statistical models were implemented: The final model was obtained using the bottom-up step-by-step method. The intra-cl...

The Journal of Nutrition, 2022

Background The temporal relationship between length (linear) and weight (ponderal) growth in earl... more Background The temporal relationship between length (linear) and weight (ponderal) growth in early life is important to support optimal nutrition program design. Studies based on measures of attained size have established that wasting often precedes stunting, but such studies do not capture responsiveness of growth to previous compared with current conditions. As a result, the temporality of linear and ponderal growth relationships remain unclear. Objectives We used growth velocity indicators to assess the temporal bidirectional relationships between linear and ponderal growth in children. Methods Using monthly anthropometric measurements from 5039 Burkinabè children enrolled at 6 months of age and followed until 28 months from August 2014 to December 2016, we employed multilevel mixed-effects models to investigate concurrent and lagged associations between linear and ponderal growth velocity, controlling for time trends, seasonality, and morbidity. Results Faster ponderal growth is...

Introduction After testing the interventions for improving the prevalence of contraceptive use, v... more Introduction After testing the interventions for improving the prevalence of contraceptive use, very few studies have measured the sustainability of the effects achieved during implementation. This study aimed to measure the sustainability of Yam Daabo interventions' effects on contraceptive use in Burkina Faso twelve months after these interventions were completed. Methods Yam Daabo was a two-group, multi-intervention, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial. Interventions comprised refresher training for the provider, a counseling tool, supportive supervision, availability of contraceptive services 7 days a week, client appointment cards, and invitation letters for partners. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models (log Poisson) to compare the modern contraceptive prevalence at 24 months in the intervention and control groups. We collected data between September and November 2018. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis and adjusted the prevalence ratios on cluster effects and unbalanced baseline characteristics. Results Twelve months after the completion of the Yam Daabo trial, we interviewed 84.9% (485 out of 571 women) of the women included at Yam Daabo starting, that is, 247/286 in the intervention group (86.4%) and 238/285 in the control group (83.5%). No difference was observed in the use of hormonal contraceptive methods between the intervention and control groups (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.21; 95% con dence interval [CI] = [0.91-1.61], p=0.191). By contrast, women in the intervention group were more likely to use long acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) than those in the control group (adjusted prevalence ratio =1.35; 95% CI = [1.08-1.69], p=0.008). Conclusion This study showed that women in the intervention group preferred to use long-acting reversible contraceptives even though no signi cant difference was found in the comparison of modern contraceptive prevalences between the two arms. Trial registration The trial registration number at the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry is PACTR201609001784334 and the date of the rst registration is 27/09/2016.

This study aimed to report the magnitude of modifiable lifestyle factors, their relationships wit... more This study aimed to report the magnitude of modifiable lifestyle factors, their relationships with metabolic disorders in Burkinabè adults by using nationally representative data. This cross-sectional study included 4100 adults selected through multistage cluster sampling performed during the first national survey conducted in 2013 in Burkina Faso. The modifiable factors we considered were tooth cleaning, fruit and/or vegetable (FV) intake, substances’ use, physical activity and overweight/obesity, while metabolic syndrome abnormal components defined metabolic disorders. We performed logistic regressions. 31.1% cleaned the teeth at least twice a day, 14.7% consumed five or more FV, 39.7% used alcohol and/or tobacco, the prevalence of physical inactivity and overweight/obesity was respectively 6.6% and 17.7%. About 41.0% had at least two metabolic disorders and 9.5% had at least three. Lifestyle factors associated with having at least two metabolic disorders were overweight/obesity, ...

BMC Public Health, 2021

Introduction After testing the interventions for improving the prevalence of contraceptive use, v... more Introduction After testing the interventions for improving the prevalence of contraceptive use, very few studies have measured the long-term effects thereafter the end of the implementation. This study aimed to measure Yam Daabo interventions’ effects on contraceptive use in Burkina Faso at twelve months after completion of the intervention. Methods Yam Daabo was a two-group, multi-intervention, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial. Interventions comprised refresher training for the provider, a counseling tool, supportive supervision, availability of contraceptive services 7 days a week, client appointment cards, and invitation letters for partners. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models (log Poisson) to compare the modern contraceptive prevalence at 12 months post-intervention in the two groups. We collected data between September and November 2018. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis and adjusted the prevalence ratios on cluster effects and unbalanced...

Current Developments in Nutrition, 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a variety of specialized nutritious foods available for use in program... more ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a variety of specialized nutritious foods available for use in programs targeting undernutrition, but evidence supporting the choice of product is limited.ObjectivesWe compared the cost-effectiveness of 4 specialized nutritious foods to prevent stunting and wasting in children aged 6–23 mo in Burkina Faso.MethodsFour geographic regions were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 intervention arms: Corn-Soy Blend Plus (CSB+) programmed with separate fortified vegetable oil (the reference food), Corn-Soy-Whey Blend (CSWB; a new formulation) with oil, SuperCereal Plus (SC+), and ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF). We compared the effects of each intervention arm on growth (length-for-age z score (LAZ), weight-for-length z score (WLZ), end-line stunting (LAZ < −2), and total monthly measurements of wasting (WLZ < −2). Rations were ∼500 kcal/d, distributed monthly. Children were enrolled in the blanket supplementary feeding program at age ∼6 mo and measured mont...

Current Developments in Nutrition, 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundA trial in Burkina Faso compared the cost-effectiveness of 4 specialized nutrit... more ABSTRACTBackgroundA trial in Burkina Faso compared the cost-effectiveness of 4 specialized nutritious foods (SNFs) used to prevent stunting and wasting in children aged 6–23 mo.ObjectivesThis article explores differences in SNF use that may have influenced effectiveness, specifically in relation to consumption by the recipient child and by any other person (i.e., sharing), other diversion from the recipient child, preparation, storage, and hygiene.MethodsSubsamples from a geographically clustered, longitudinal trial with random assignment to Corn Soy Blend Plus with oil (CSB+ w/oil), Corn Soy Whey Blend with oil (CSWB w/oil), Super Cereal Plus (SC+), or ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) were selected for in-depth interviews, in-home observations, and focus group discussions.ResultsSharing was common in all arms, with the highest reported in SC+ (73%) and highest observed in CSWB w/oil (36%). Some reported giving the ration away (highest in SC+ at 17%) or using it for other purp...

American Journal of Pediatrics, 2019

Although the global trend of malnutrition among children under five is declining, it remains a ma... more Although the global trend of malnutrition among children under five is declining, it remains a major public health problem in developing countries such as Burkina Faso. IYCF are major determinants of nutritional status and hence health and child survival. Material and Method: We carried out a cross-sectional study in primary health care centers randomly selected. The objectives of this work were to analyze associated factors to children's nutritional status and child feeding. The Z-scores (WHO, 2006) were used to determine nutritional's status of the children. The quality of feeding practices was assessed according to IYCF index. Results: In total, we surveyed 287 children. The average age of children was 10.87 months. The sex ratio was at 1:11. Among children, the prevalence of underweight was 19.2%, that of stunting 31.2% and that of wasting 10.1%. Multigravidity was the predictive risk factor related to underweight in children. Practice of EBF was associated with Zscore Height/Age (p=0.04). The majority (70%) of children had a good score of IYCF index. Among children aged 9-12 months, the Z-score Height/Age (p=0.04) and Z-score Weight/Height (p=0.001) were associated with IYCF index in univariate analysis. For those with at least 12 months of age, sex ant type of habit was the predictive risk factors associated to IYCF index. Conclusion: Malnutrition is common in children. Feeding practices are good and are not associated with sociodemographic characteristics of mothers. IYCF index score decreases with age and is lower after 12 months.

Background Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Studies th... more Background Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Studies that characterize prevalence of tobacco use in low-income countries are lacking. This study describes the prevalence of tobacco use in Burkina Faso and its associated factors. Methods Data were analyzed from the 2013 Burkina Faso WHO Stepwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey that NCDs risk factors. Prevalence of any tobacco product use, cigarette smoking and other tobacco use were calculated. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with tobacco use. Results The prevalence of any tobacco use was 19.8% (95% CI: 18.4 – 21.2). Tobacco use was higher for men (29.2% [27.0 – 31.5]) than women (11.8% [10,3 – 13.4]). The prevalence of smoked tobacco was 11.3% (10.3 – 12.4), with significantly higher prevalence among men (24.5% [22.1-27.0]) than women (0.1% [0.01-0.3]). The overall prevalence of other tobacco use was 8.9% (7.4-10.7) with lower values for men (5.6% [4.2-7.4]...

Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 2018

Malnutrition in the child is still a major public health problem in most developing countries suc... more Malnutrition in the child is still a major public health problem in most developing countries such as Burkina Faso. Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices should be influenced by the mother's knowledge and attitude about the subject. We carried out a cross-sectional study in primary health care centers randomly selected. The objectives of our work were to study the mother's knowledge and attitudes about IYCF and analyze associated factors. In total, we surveyed 287 mothers. The average age of mothers was 26.7 years, 71.4% of them were uneducated and 94.5% were unemployed. The average number of gesture among mothers was 3.44. Among mothers, 15% was in underweight and 10.7% was in excess weight. Most mothers (82, 8%) admitted that colostrum has an advantage for the newborn and 87.8% were aware of the proper diet (exclusive breastfeeding) of children under six months of age. Slightly more than half (55%) of mothers had a low level of knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding. Water supply (p=0.041) and habitat type (p=0.001) were statistically associated with the level of knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding. About half (54%) of respondents were aware of the recommended delay of breastfeeding initiation in postpartum. Feeding in disease situation was known by the majority of mothers just as breastfeeding at night. About one in five mothers (18.5%) reported that children under six months of age need water supplementation. The discomfort to breastfeed in public was an unusual feeling (6%) and 87, 2% of respondents admitted that breastfeeding should be continued until the age of two years after birth.The level of knowledge of mothers about the advantages of breastfeeding was still low however most of them knew the adequate duration of EBF and the recommended duration of breastfeeding. Attitudes concerning breastfeeding were positives. Targeted interventions on maternal health services and communities could raise the level of knowledge about IYCF particularly on the benefits of EBF.

Santé Publique, 2018

Objective To examine educational practices in type 2 diabetes among health professionals. Methods... more Objective To examine educational practices in type 2 diabetes among health professionals. Methods A cross-sectional study took place from June to September 2012 in Bamako and Ouagadougou. The study population consisted of all health professionals responsible for diabetes care in secondary and tertiary public health facilities. Results A total of 78 participants were interviewed. Doctors and nurses accounted for 77% and 23% respectively. The median number of patients seen in consultation was 10 per week (range 1-100). The median age of experience in diabetes care for health professionals was 5 years (range: 1-25 years). Sixteen participants reported giving advice for cooking. Of the 62 that did not, the reasons given were mainly: non-competence to give such advice (60/62); lack of time (35/62) and useless counseling (5/62). For out-of-home meals, recommendations included: taking a meal to work (60/77); avoiding meals outside the home (30/77); avoid alcohol and oils at parties (10/77). Conclusion The recommendations made to patients come down to information and advice. As a result, the data collected lacks an educational strategy that aims to render the patient more independent by facilitating his adherence to counseling and improving his quality of life.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Mar 19, 2024

doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by pee... more doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Nov 30, 2023

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Data on lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as smoking, alcohol consumption,... more Data on lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, inadequate physical activity, and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, in pregnant women in Africa, are scarce. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular lifestyle risk factors among pregnant women in Burkina Faso and identify their associated factors. Pregnant women who attended antenatal care services between December 2018 and March 2019 were included in this study. A modified Poisson regression model was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with a 95% confidence interval. A total of 1027 pregnant women participated in this study. The prevalence of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, inadequate physical activity, and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables were 10.2% [8.5–12.2], 3.0% [2.1–4.3], 79.4% [76.9–81.8], and 53.5% [50.5–56.6], respectively. The prevalence of more than one cardiovascular lifestyle risk factor in pregnant w...

BMC Public Health

Background We compared the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors between the hypertensive adu... more Background We compared the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors between the hypertensive adults who were aware and unaware of their hypertensive status and assessed the factors associated with being aware of one’s hypertension among adults in Burkina Faso. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the World Health Organization Stepwise approach to surveillance survey conducted in 2013 in Burkina Faso. Lifestyle factors analysed were fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption, tooth cleaning, alcohol and tobacco use, body mass index and physical activity. Results Among 774 adults living with hypertension, 84.9% (95% CI: 82.2–87.3) were unaware of their hypertensive status. The frequencies of unhealthy lifestyle practices in those aware vs. unaware were respectively: 92.3% vs. 96.3%, p = 0.07 for not eating, at least, five FV servings daily; 63.2% vs. 70.5%, p = 0.12 for not cleaning the teeth at least twice a day; 35.9% vs. 42.3%, p = 0.19 for tobacco and/or alcohol use...

Health

Malnutrition is still a widespread public health problem worldwide. The objective of this review ... more Malnutrition is still a widespread public health problem worldwide. The objective of this review is to identify the most effective nutrition programs used in the prevention and management of child malnutrition in children under five years. Also, it is to suggest courses of action to improve interventions in the fight against malnutrition. The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and food diversification improves the mothers' knowledge and contributes to prevention of malnutrition. Food supplementation increases the weight/height ratio of malnourished children. The two programs combined bring better results on mothers' feeding practices and children's anthropometric data. This review has highlighted the importance of food supplementation and nutritional education in the management and prevention of child malnutrition. In addition, the combination of several approaches to good dietary practices brings better results. Finally, primary prevention can protect children from the harmful consequences of malnutrition.

Journal of Life Science and Biomedicine

Introduction. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem, in both developed and deve... more Introduction. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem, in both developed and developing countries, due to its magnitude and strong association with infant morbidity and mortality. Aim. To estimate the prevalence of low birth weight and identify associated factors in children under five years old. Methods. This is a cross-sectional study carried out in 8 villages in the commune of Pissila in north-central Burkina Faso, involving 262 mother-child pairs. The factors associated with low birth weight were identified according to the odds ratio (OR) raw and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in the bivariate analysis and according to the adjusted OR in the multivariate analysis. Sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, previous morbidity and factors related to prenatal care were studied. Results. A total of 262 children with birth weights based on official documents were involved in this study. The proportion of low birth weight children was estimated at 1...

Background We compared the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors between the hypertensive adu... more Background We compared the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle factors between the hypertensive adults who were aware and unaware of their hypertensive status and assessed the factors associated with being aware of one’s hypertension among adults in Burkina Faso. Methods We conducted a secondary-analysis of data from the World Health Organization Stepwise approach to surveillance survey conducted in 2013 in Burkina Faso. Lifestyle factors analysed were fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption, tooth cleaning, alcohol and tobacco use, body mass index and physical activity. Results Among 774 hypertensive adults, 84.9% (95% CI: 82.2–87.3) were unaware of their hypertensive status. In those aware vs unaware respectively, frequencies of unhealthy lifestyle practices were: 92.3 vs 96.3% p = 0.07 for not eating at least five or more FV servings, 63.2 vs 70.5% p = 0.12 for not cleaning the teeth at least twice a day, 35.9 vs 42.3% p = 0.19 for tobacco and/or alcohol use, 53.9 vs 25.4% p = 0.000...

Santé Publique

La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que d... more La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as one of the key interventions with proven eff... more Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as one of the key interventions with proven effectiveness in reducing child morbidity and mortality and malnutrition. However, with the current trend in breastfeeding rates in Guinea, the World Health Assembly target of at least 50% by 2025 is likely to be compromised.The objective of this study was to identify the individual and contextual determinants of the practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Guinea.Method: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The study population consisted of women who gave birth between the ages of 15 and 49. Our sample consisted of women who had their last birth six (06) months prior to collection. The enumeration areas were our second level. A multilevel logistic regression was performed using Stata version 15.1 software. Three statistical models were implemented: The final model was obtained using the bottom-up step-by-step method. The intra-cl...

The Journal of Nutrition, 2022

Background The temporal relationship between length (linear) and weight (ponderal) growth in earl... more Background The temporal relationship between length (linear) and weight (ponderal) growth in early life is important to support optimal nutrition program design. Studies based on measures of attained size have established that wasting often precedes stunting, but such studies do not capture responsiveness of growth to previous compared with current conditions. As a result, the temporality of linear and ponderal growth relationships remain unclear. Objectives We used growth velocity indicators to assess the temporal bidirectional relationships between linear and ponderal growth in children. Methods Using monthly anthropometric measurements from 5039 Burkinabè children enrolled at 6 months of age and followed until 28 months from August 2014 to December 2016, we employed multilevel mixed-effects models to investigate concurrent and lagged associations between linear and ponderal growth velocity, controlling for time trends, seasonality, and morbidity. Results Faster ponderal growth is...

Introduction After testing the interventions for improving the prevalence of contraceptive use, v... more Introduction After testing the interventions for improving the prevalence of contraceptive use, very few studies have measured the sustainability of the effects achieved during implementation. This study aimed to measure the sustainability of Yam Daabo interventions' effects on contraceptive use in Burkina Faso twelve months after these interventions were completed. Methods Yam Daabo was a two-group, multi-intervention, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial. Interventions comprised refresher training for the provider, a counseling tool, supportive supervision, availability of contraceptive services 7 days a week, client appointment cards, and invitation letters for partners. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models (log Poisson) to compare the modern contraceptive prevalence at 24 months in the intervention and control groups. We collected data between September and November 2018. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis and adjusted the prevalence ratios on cluster effects and unbalanced baseline characteristics. Results Twelve months after the completion of the Yam Daabo trial, we interviewed 84.9% (485 out of 571 women) of the women included at Yam Daabo starting, that is, 247/286 in the intervention group (86.4%) and 238/285 in the control group (83.5%). No difference was observed in the use of hormonal contraceptive methods between the intervention and control groups (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.21; 95% con dence interval [CI] = [0.91-1.61], p=0.191). By contrast, women in the intervention group were more likely to use long acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) than those in the control group (adjusted prevalence ratio =1.35; 95% CI = [1.08-1.69], p=0.008). Conclusion This study showed that women in the intervention group preferred to use long-acting reversible contraceptives even though no signi cant difference was found in the comparison of modern contraceptive prevalences between the two arms. Trial registration The trial registration number at the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry is PACTR201609001784334 and the date of the rst registration is 27/09/2016.

This study aimed to report the magnitude of modifiable lifestyle factors, their relationships wit... more This study aimed to report the magnitude of modifiable lifestyle factors, their relationships with metabolic disorders in Burkinabè adults by using nationally representative data. This cross-sectional study included 4100 adults selected through multistage cluster sampling performed during the first national survey conducted in 2013 in Burkina Faso. The modifiable factors we considered were tooth cleaning, fruit and/or vegetable (FV) intake, substances’ use, physical activity and overweight/obesity, while metabolic syndrome abnormal components defined metabolic disorders. We performed logistic regressions. 31.1% cleaned the teeth at least twice a day, 14.7% consumed five or more FV, 39.7% used alcohol and/or tobacco, the prevalence of physical inactivity and overweight/obesity was respectively 6.6% and 17.7%. About 41.0% had at least two metabolic disorders and 9.5% had at least three. Lifestyle factors associated with having at least two metabolic disorders were overweight/obesity, ...

BMC Public Health, 2021

Introduction After testing the interventions for improving the prevalence of contraceptive use, v... more Introduction After testing the interventions for improving the prevalence of contraceptive use, very few studies have measured the long-term effects thereafter the end of the implementation. This study aimed to measure Yam Daabo interventions’ effects on contraceptive use in Burkina Faso at twelve months after completion of the intervention. Methods Yam Daabo was a two-group, multi-intervention, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial. Interventions comprised refresher training for the provider, a counseling tool, supportive supervision, availability of contraceptive services 7 days a week, client appointment cards, and invitation letters for partners. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models (log Poisson) to compare the modern contraceptive prevalence at 12 months post-intervention in the two groups. We collected data between September and November 2018. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis and adjusted the prevalence ratios on cluster effects and unbalanced...

Current Developments in Nutrition, 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a variety of specialized nutritious foods available for use in program... more ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a variety of specialized nutritious foods available for use in programs targeting undernutrition, but evidence supporting the choice of product is limited.ObjectivesWe compared the cost-effectiveness of 4 specialized nutritious foods to prevent stunting and wasting in children aged 6–23 mo in Burkina Faso.MethodsFour geographic regions were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 intervention arms: Corn-Soy Blend Plus (CSB+) programmed with separate fortified vegetable oil (the reference food), Corn-Soy-Whey Blend (CSWB; a new formulation) with oil, SuperCereal Plus (SC+), and ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF). We compared the effects of each intervention arm on growth (length-for-age z score (LAZ), weight-for-length z score (WLZ), end-line stunting (LAZ < −2), and total monthly measurements of wasting (WLZ < −2). Rations were ∼500 kcal/d, distributed monthly. Children were enrolled in the blanket supplementary feeding program at age ∼6 mo and measured mont...

Current Developments in Nutrition, 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundA trial in Burkina Faso compared the cost-effectiveness of 4 specialized nutrit... more ABSTRACTBackgroundA trial in Burkina Faso compared the cost-effectiveness of 4 specialized nutritious foods (SNFs) used to prevent stunting and wasting in children aged 6–23 mo.ObjectivesThis article explores differences in SNF use that may have influenced effectiveness, specifically in relation to consumption by the recipient child and by any other person (i.e., sharing), other diversion from the recipient child, preparation, storage, and hygiene.MethodsSubsamples from a geographically clustered, longitudinal trial with random assignment to Corn Soy Blend Plus with oil (CSB+ w/oil), Corn Soy Whey Blend with oil (CSWB w/oil), Super Cereal Plus (SC+), or ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) were selected for in-depth interviews, in-home observations, and focus group discussions.ResultsSharing was common in all arms, with the highest reported in SC+ (73%) and highest observed in CSWB w/oil (36%). Some reported giving the ration away (highest in SC+ at 17%) or using it for other purp...

American Journal of Pediatrics, 2019

Although the global trend of malnutrition among children under five is declining, it remains a ma... more Although the global trend of malnutrition among children under five is declining, it remains a major public health problem in developing countries such as Burkina Faso. IYCF are major determinants of nutritional status and hence health and child survival. Material and Method: We carried out a cross-sectional study in primary health care centers randomly selected. The objectives of this work were to analyze associated factors to children's nutritional status and child feeding. The Z-scores (WHO, 2006) were used to determine nutritional's status of the children. The quality of feeding practices was assessed according to IYCF index. Results: In total, we surveyed 287 children. The average age of children was 10.87 months. The sex ratio was at 1:11. Among children, the prevalence of underweight was 19.2%, that of stunting 31.2% and that of wasting 10.1%. Multigravidity was the predictive risk factor related to underweight in children. Practice of EBF was associated with Zscore Height/Age (p=0.04). The majority (70%) of children had a good score of IYCF index. Among children aged 9-12 months, the Z-score Height/Age (p=0.04) and Z-score Weight/Height (p=0.001) were associated with IYCF index in univariate analysis. For those with at least 12 months of age, sex ant type of habit was the predictive risk factors associated to IYCF index. Conclusion: Malnutrition is common in children. Feeding practices are good and are not associated with sociodemographic characteristics of mothers. IYCF index score decreases with age and is lower after 12 months.

Background Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Studies th... more Background Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Studies that characterize prevalence of tobacco use in low-income countries are lacking. This study describes the prevalence of tobacco use in Burkina Faso and its associated factors. Methods Data were analyzed from the 2013 Burkina Faso WHO Stepwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) survey that NCDs risk factors. Prevalence of any tobacco product use, cigarette smoking and other tobacco use were calculated. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with tobacco use. Results The prevalence of any tobacco use was 19.8% (95% CI: 18.4 – 21.2). Tobacco use was higher for men (29.2% [27.0 – 31.5]) than women (11.8% [10,3 – 13.4]). The prevalence of smoked tobacco was 11.3% (10.3 – 12.4), with significantly higher prevalence among men (24.5% [22.1-27.0]) than women (0.1% [0.01-0.3]). The overall prevalence of other tobacco use was 8.9% (7.4-10.7) with lower values for men (5.6% [4.2-7.4]...

Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 2018

Malnutrition in the child is still a major public health problem in most developing countries suc... more Malnutrition in the child is still a major public health problem in most developing countries such as Burkina Faso. Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices should be influenced by the mother's knowledge and attitude about the subject. We carried out a cross-sectional study in primary health care centers randomly selected. The objectives of our work were to study the mother's knowledge and attitudes about IYCF and analyze associated factors. In total, we surveyed 287 mothers. The average age of mothers was 26.7 years, 71.4% of them were uneducated and 94.5% were unemployed. The average number of gesture among mothers was 3.44. Among mothers, 15% was in underweight and 10.7% was in excess weight. Most mothers (82, 8%) admitted that colostrum has an advantage for the newborn and 87.8% were aware of the proper diet (exclusive breastfeeding) of children under six months of age. Slightly more than half (55%) of mothers had a low level of knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding. Water supply (p=0.041) and habitat type (p=0.001) were statistically associated with the level of knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding. About half (54%) of respondents were aware of the recommended delay of breastfeeding initiation in postpartum. Feeding in disease situation was known by the majority of mothers just as breastfeeding at night. About one in five mothers (18.5%) reported that children under six months of age need water supplementation. The discomfort to breastfeed in public was an unusual feeling (6%) and 87, 2% of respondents admitted that breastfeeding should be continued until the age of two years after birth.The level of knowledge of mothers about the advantages of breastfeeding was still low however most of them knew the adequate duration of EBF and the recommended duration of breastfeeding. Attitudes concerning breastfeeding were positives. Targeted interventions on maternal health services and communities could raise the level of knowledge about IYCF particularly on the benefits of EBF.

Santé Publique, 2018

Objective To examine educational practices in type 2 diabetes among health professionals. Methods... more Objective To examine educational practices in type 2 diabetes among health professionals. Methods A cross-sectional study took place from June to September 2012 in Bamako and Ouagadougou. The study population consisted of all health professionals responsible for diabetes care in secondary and tertiary public health facilities. Results A total of 78 participants were interviewed. Doctors and nurses accounted for 77% and 23% respectively. The median number of patients seen in consultation was 10 per week (range 1-100). The median age of experience in diabetes care for health professionals was 5 years (range: 1-25 years). Sixteen participants reported giving advice for cooking. Of the 62 that did not, the reasons given were mainly: non-competence to give such advice (60/62); lack of time (35/62) and useless counseling (5/62). For out-of-home meals, recommendations included: taking a meal to work (60/77); avoiding meals outside the home (30/77); avoid alcohol and oils at parties (10/77). Conclusion The recommendations made to patients come down to information and advice. As a result, the data collected lacks an educational strategy that aims to render the patient more independent by facilitating his adherence to counseling and improving his quality of life.