Fareed Khan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Fareed Khan

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Background Using antibiotics without a prescription is potentially unsafe and may increase the ri... more Background Using antibiotics without a prescription is potentially unsafe and may increase the risk of antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the effect of patient, health system, and clinical encounter factors on intention to use antibiotics without a prescription that were (1) purchased in the United States, (2) obtained from friends or relatives, (3) purchased abroad, or (4) from any of these sources. Methods The survey was performed January 2020–June 2021 in 6 publicly funded primary care clinics and 2 private emergency departments in Texas, United States. Participants included adult patients visiting 1 of the clinical settings. Nonprescription use was defined as use of antibiotics without a prescription; intended use was professed intention for future nonprescription antibiotic use. Results Of 564 survey respondents (33% Black and 47% Hispanic or Latino), 246 (43.6%) reported prior use of antibiotics without a prescription, and 177 (31.4%) reported intent to use antibiotics wit...

Journal of Public Health

Although the use of health supplements is frequently reported, patients’ understanding of health ... more Although the use of health supplements is frequently reported, patients’ understanding of health supplement use and related safety concerns are least reported from the developing world. This study was aimed to assess the understanding of health supplement use in patients with chronic diseases visiting a public healthcare institute of Quetta city, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study with a proportioned based sample of 460 patients with chronic diseases attending a tertiary care hospital of Quetta city was carried out. A pre-validated questionnaire was used to assess patients’ understanding of health supplement use. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. For all analyses, p < 0.05 was taken as significant. Most of the patients were more than 47 years of age, with a mean age of 51.62 ± 12.71 years. Thirty-three percent of the patients were diagnosed with hypertension, followed by 17.1% with hypertension + diabetes mellitus Type II. Friends and relatives (195, 42.3%) were the most common source of information regarding health supplements, and multivitamins & minerals (n = 268) were the most used health supplements. Almost 80% of the respondents have neither discussed nor disclosed the use of health supplements with their doctors or pharmacists. Nearly the same percentage (80%) of the respondents were unaware of the safety concerns of health supplements, nor were they aware of either interactions or side–effects. Education and disease state were significantly associated with certain items of the questionnaire. Bonferroni correction revealed graduates and patients with hypertension + diabetes mellitus Type II agreeing to the mentioned statements. Inadequate understanding of health supplements was reported by the study respondents. As health supplement use is linked with certain safety concerns, enhancing patients’ understanding about misconceptions with regard to the safety and efficacy of supplements and their appropriateness is needed and must be addressed as a priority.

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different weed management practices on vegetati... more The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different weed management practices on vegetative growth and graft survival of apple nursery. The experiment was laid out at the Experimental Farm, Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India during the year 2020. Seven weed management practices i.e. T1 (manual weeding), T2 (pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1), T3 (pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1 + manual weeding), T4 (paddy straw mulch - 6cm thick), T5 (black polyethylene mulch - 200 micron), T6 (weed free) and T7 (weedy check) were tested in apple nursery (cv. Silver Spur grafted on M9-T337). The experimental design used was Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Observations on vegetative growth parameters of nursery stocks (plant height, number of branches & number of leaves per plant, leaf area, rootstock girth and scion girth) and...

The present study was conducted to examine the suitability of sewage sludge amendment in soil for... more The present study was conducted to examine the suitability of sewage sludge amendment in soil for mustard (Brassica juncea var. Alankar) by evaluating the heavy metal accumulation, growth, biochemical and yield responses of plants grown at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 70 and 100% sewage sludge amendment (SSA) rates. Sewage sludge amendments modified the properties of soil by decreasing pH and increasing organic carbon, total nitrogen and heavy metals in resulting soil-sludge mixtures. Plants showed significant (p < 0.05) increments in root length, shoot length, plant fresh mass and plant dry mass at 10 to 40% SSA rates as compared to unamended soil, but these parameters decreased significantly at SSA rates ≥ 70% at 60 days after sowing (DAS). Biochemical parameters such as photosynthetic pigment content, proline, cysteine, protein and sugar contents in fresh leaves also showed the same trend. Yield of mustard increased by 18.90, 41.80 and 15.42% at 10, 20 and 40% SSA rates, respectively, wh...

Neurology, 2017

Objective: To describe a novel case of mixed transcortical aphasia in association with neurodegen... more Objective: To describe a novel case of mixed transcortical aphasia in association with neurodegenerative disease. Background: Mixed transcortical aphasia is a rare speech disorder characterized by reduced spontaneous speech and decreased comprehension with intact repetition. This type of aphasia has been seen previously in patients with brain infarction, particularly with ischemia of watershed areas which isolate Broca’s area, Wernicke’s areas, and the arcuate fasciculus from rest of the brain. Design/Methods: A case report. Results: we report a 55 year old right-handed female who gradually developed language difficulties over two years. Symptoms began with difficulty finding words and word production. On neuropsychologic testing, she was found to have impaired spontaneous speech, impaired comprehension and naming, with intact repetition. Her MRI showed atrophy in the left frontal, parietal and anterior temporal lobe, without evidence of ischemia. Conclusions: Primary progressive ap...

Background: Acute type A aortic dissection(ATAAD) is life-threatening and requires immediate surg... more Background: Acute type A aortic dissection(ATAAD) is life-threatening and requires immediate surgery. Sudden chest pain may lead to a risk of misdiagnosis as acute coronary syndrome and may lead to subsequent antiplatelet therapy. We used the Chinese Acute Aortic Syndrome Collaboration Database (AAS) to study the effects of antiplatelet therapy (APT) on clinical outcomes. Methods: The AAS database is a retrospective multicentre database where 31 of 3092 had APT with aspirin or clopidogrel or both before surgery. Before and after propensity score matching, the incidence of complications and mortality was compared between APT and non-APT patients by using a logistic regression model. The sample remaining after PSM was 30 in the APT group and 80 in the non-APT group. Results: The sample remaining after matching was 30 in the APT group and 80 in the non-APT group. We found 10 cases with percutaneous coronary intervention in the APT group(33.3%). The APT group received more volume of pac...

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2019

Sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca) was grown in pots with and without inoculation with two arbuscula... more Sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca) was grown in pots with and without inoculation with two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, viz., Glomus macrocarpum and Glomus monosporum singly and in combination. Seven-day-old plants were treated with 18.9 μg Cd g −1 soil and 155.4 μg Ni g −1 soil alone and in combination. At 90 days old stage, dry weight of root, shoot, and fruit; uptake of heavy metals in root, stem, leaves, and fruits; percent mycorrhizal root colonization; and spore number in the root zone were determined. When applied singly, the uptake of Cd and Ni in host plants was enhanced more effectively by G. monosporum than G. macrocarpum. The larger proportion of Cd uptake in uninoculated host was retained in the roots but in inoculated plants (with both Glomus sp.), major amounts of the Cd were translocated to the above ground parts including fruits. The leaves were the main sinks of Ni in inoculated plants. The overall tissue burden of both heavy metals in the host was enhanced relatively more effectively on association with G. monosporum as compared with G. macrocarpum. The uptake of Cd was relatively higher in plants treated with both the metals and both the AM fungi. Despite the relatively higher uptake of both the heavy metals in inoculated plants, the host dry weight was significantly higher compared with uninoculated plants. The percent mycorrhizal root colonization of the host by both AM fungi was higher in plants grown without either of the heavy metals. The combined application of both the heavy metals reduced the spore density in the root zone soil of host. The results show that the AM fungi enhanced the uptake of Cd and Ni by the host but alleviated the toxicity by promoting plant growth.

Annals of King Edward Medical University, 2016

Background: Chest wall resection and reconstruction remains one of the most challenging areas of ... more Background: Chest wall resection and reconstruction remains one of the most challenging areas of Thoracic & Plastic Surgery. The purpose of this study is to report our 6-year experience with chest wall resections and reconstructions. Methods: A retrospective review of 36 patients who had chest wall resections from 1998 to 2003 was performed. Result: Patient demographics included tobacco abuse, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, niswar abuse, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and HCV +ve. Surgical indications included chest wall tumors, and lung cancer involving the chest wall. The mean number of ribs resected was 4±2 ribs. Thirty four patients underwent chest wall resections. Two patients underwent right upper lobectomy along with chest wall resections. Immediate closure was performed in all 36 patients. Primary repair without the use of reconstructive techniques was possible in 9 patients. Synthetic chest wall reconstruction was performed using Prolene m...

Medical and Pediatric Oncology, 1994

The early occurrence of five cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children treated for primar... more The early occurrence of five cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in children treated for primary rhabdomyosarcoma on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study III (IRS III) has prompted this report. These patients received cyclophosphamide and four received etoposide in addition to other agents.There were 1,062 eligible patients entered on IRS III between 1984 and 1991. Following surgery, treatment consisted of multiagent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in select clinical groups. Median follow‐up time is 3.7 years (range 0–7.4 years). Incidence densities and odds ratios for AML were calculated for various treatment groups.Five cases of secondary AML have been reported through August 1992. A single case of osteogenic sarcoma was reported in the same period and a patient with myelodys plastic syndrome has occurred since that time. Median time to development of AML was 39 months. Incidence density of AML for patients receiving neither cyclophosphamide nor etoposide was 0, for those receivi...

American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2013

The activity of antioxidative enzymes system is affected by salt stress, chlorophyll content (CHL... more The activity of antioxidative enzymes system is affected by salt stress, chlorophyll content (CHL), leaf relative water content (RWC), Na + and K + contents, their ratio and some oxidative stress indices were studied in leaves of ten bread wheat cultivarsSehar-06, Lu-26, NARC-09, BARC-09 and Pirsbak-09' (salt-tolerant) and Kaghan-94, Rohtas-90, Soughat-90, Shaheen-94 and Zardana-89' (salt-sensitive), grown under salinity treatments carried out in five levels (1 < dS•m −1 as control, 2, 4, 8, 16 dS•m −1) via sodium chloride. Under high salt potency significant increase for activities of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guiacol peroxidase (GPX), occurred in salt tolerant varieties. Meanwhile, under salinity condition the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and (GPX) in sensitive cultivar were lower than control. Regarding (APX) activity there was no significant difference between salinity and control situation. Under salt stress membrane stability index (MSI) of both cultivars were negatively influenced. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) content of salinity sensitive cultivars was higher than control. Salt tolerant varieties had more amounts of K + content, K + and Na + ratio, relative water content, yield and chlorophyll under salt conditions, and sensitive ones recorded higher Na + content at tillering stage. The mechanism of salt stress might be achieved due to low lipid peroxidation, assumingly lower changes in membrane stability index and evasion of Na + combination and amplified activity of antioxidant enzymes.

$Research paper thumbnail of Prognosis of urethral strictures following pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects–A single centre study$

International Journal of Surgery, 2011

Introduction: Urethral strictures remain a reconstructive dilemma due to high incidence of recurr... more Introduction: Urethral strictures remain a reconstructive dilemma due to high incidence of recurrence and unsatisfactory outcomes. Pelvic trauma remains the foremost etiology leading to morbidity. We evaluated this "cause-effect" relationship of pelvic trauma to stricture outcome, to replenish our understanding of contemporary urethral strictures and highlight significance of type, degree and influence of primary management of pelvic trauma on the overall prognosis of urethral strictures. Materials and method: 163 male patients with urethral strictures, primary etiology being pelvic trauma, were assessed preoperatively followed by retrograde urethrogram, urethrosonogram, uroflowmetry, and then subjected to pelvic radiographs to identify presence and type of pelvic fracture, and further subcategorize them into grades A, B and C, of TILE classification. Thereafter, 6 weeks later, these patients underwent urethroplasty. Results: Of 163 patients having pelvic trauma, 80 fell under category A of TILE grading, whereas 55 were under TILE B and 28 under TILE C. Most common stricture location was membranous urethra. Success rates were 96e98% till 1 year follow up, but after two years, they declined to 93%. TILE A and B had a better post operative course as compared to TILE C. Overall complication rate was 20.25%. Conclusion: The magnitude of the impact of the type of pelvic fracture and its management has remained unexplored. Our representative study enunciates that these parameters play a vital role in the overall prognosis of urethral strictures and command due importance, to bridge the rift in this "cause-effect" relationship.

Environmental Pollution, 1988

The root growth response to air pollution in populations ofAnagallis arvensis growing about 0"5, ... more The root growth response to air pollution in populations ofAnagallis arvensis growing about 0"5, 2, 6, 12 and 20 km leeward from a power plant complex varied with the level of pollution, age of the stand and meteorological conditions. The roots were more affected by the pollutants at a young stage and the loss in net primary productivity was proportional to the pollution level The populations up to 2 km from the source of pollution completed their life cycle quickly. The coal consumption rate at the power plant, relative humidity, wind direction and other environmental factors were found to influence the degree of growth response to air pollution.

Ecological Modelling, 2013

Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) is an amphibious weed invading worldwide. It was rep... more Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) is an amphibious weed invading worldwide. It was reported very recently from Wular lake, a Ramsar site in India. The weed forms isolated floating islands of variable sizes in this lake. Monitoring of the weed for 4 years reveals that the total number of patches increased from 6 in 2008 to 82 in 2011 with total area of all patches increasing from 41.3 m 2 in 2008 to 831 m 2 in 2011. We did predictive modeling with four years data using a variable growth rate equation, to estimate the spread rate of the weed assuming the entire lake area available for spread. Our model suggests that this weed may potentially cover entire lake in 13-19 years from 2008. The robustness of the mathematical model was also determined and validated using data from the first three years and it was in coherence with the previous model. We do caution, the predictive spread model of A. philoxeroides presented here has a strong bearing to the uncertainties of climate change, nutrient loading and competition effects. The study warrants an urgent need for rapid action involving manual removal before it actually assumes bigger dimensions in the lake and the region as more than ten thousand households completely depend on the resources of Wular lake, India.

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 2013

ABSTRACT yellow rust) caused by Puccinia spp. according to the prevalence of the pathogen in diff... more ABSTRACT yellow rust) caused by Puccinia spp. according to the prevalence of the pathogen in different wheat-growing areas worldwide. Stripe rust or yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is the most significant rust pathogen which prefers cool, moist areas and highlands. The pathogen is recognised as responsible for huge production losses in wheat. Genetic variation in pathogen makes its control difficult. Therefore, resistance against all the races of the pathogen known as durable or race-non-specific resistance is preferred. The present study was carried out to identify durable resistance against stripe rust in selected wheat cultivars from Pakistan through seedling testing, field evaluation at adult stage, morphological marker studies and marker-assisted selection. Results revealed that 4% of the cultivars were resistant at the seedling stage while the rest were susceptible or intermediate. To confirm their field resistance, the same cultivars were evaluated under field conditions at Cereal Crops Research Institute Pirsabak (located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, KP) a hot spot of stripe rust in Pakistan. Observations exhibited that at the adult stage 4% of the cultivars were resistant, 70% intermediate or moderately resistant while the others were highly susceptible. Leaf tip necrosis was observed in 30% of the cultivars. Wheat cultivars showing susceptibility at the seedling stage were highly to moderately resistant at adult stage showing durable resistance. For further validation, morphological markers were also observed in cultivars indicating the presence of Yr18/Lr34 gene. Eleven cultivars (C-518, Mexipak, Kohinoor-83, Faisalabad-83, Zardana-93, Shahkar-95, Moomal-2002, Wattan-94, Pasban-90, Kiran-95, and Haider-2000) were identified, having durable or race non-specific resistance against stripe rust. These cultivars can further be utilised in wheat breeding programmes for deploying durable resistance to attain long lasting control against stripe rust.

ijnu.ir

Background: Surgical treatment of urethral strictures includes numerous options such as dilation,... more Background: Surgical treatment of urethral strictures includes numerous options such as dilation, internal urethrotomy, stenting and reconstructive surgical techniques. Short uncomplicated strictures are generally amenable to complete excision with primary anastomosis. We performed a retrospective evaluation and analysis of outcome in patients who underwent any kind of treatment for urethral strictures. Objectives: To evaluate and analyze the outcome in patients who underwent treatment for urethral stricture disease over the last 15 years (May 1993 to June 2008), at a tertiary care centre, as well as to determine the treatment option to be utilized in different varieties of urethral strictures. Patients and Methods: We reviewed 524 patients who underwent treatment for urethral strictures between May 1993 and June 2008. Mean follow-up was 68 months. Preoperative evaluation included clinical history, physical examination, urine culture, residual urine estimation, uroflowmetry, and retrograde and voiding cystourethrography. Since 2000 urethral ultrasound was also performed in all patients. Clinical outcome was assessed by comparing pre and post operative investigation and patient satisfaction. Results: Stricture etiology was catheter induced (15.36%), blunt perineal trauma (59.2%), instrumentation (12%), spontaneous (3.52%) and infection (10%). Stricture length was 0 to1cm (in 9.92%) 1 to 2 cm (in 32%), 2 to 3 cm (17.28%), 3 to 4 cm (24%) or 4 to 5 cm (8.8%) more than 5cm (16%). The success rates in these procedures were 93.6% (TAU-Tunica albuginea urethroplasty), 94.4% (USPBA-U shaped Prostato-bulbar Anastomosis), 91.7% (BMSU-Buccal Mucosa urethroplasty), 90% (IOU-Internal optic urethrotomy), 90.35% (dilatation) and 81% (two staged urethroplasty). There were 129 patients (25.49%) who experienced ejaculatory dysfunction. Good and fair results were considered successful. Of 524 cases 480 (91.6%) were successful and 44 (8.4%) were treatment failures. Conclusions: We conclude that the treatment of urethral strictures should be individualized, taking into account the location, length and extent of spongiofibrosis.

Curr Sci, 2000

In conclusion, we have extended the electrical dis-charge-based flow visualization technique to v... more In conclusion, we have extended the electrical dis-charge-based flow visualization technique to visualize the flow fields around blunt cones in a hypersonic shock tunnel. The experimental results obtained in HST2 shock tunnel at IISc at a flow Mach number of 5.75 are ...

Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2002

The high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits from seven Pakistani wheat genotypes were fract... more The high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits from seven Pakistani wheat genotypes were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), in order to characterise the plant material and test the variability within species. The mitotic ...