Professor Captain (R) Dr Farid Bin Che Ghazali Che Ghazali (original) (raw)

Papers by Professor Captain (R) Dr Farid Bin Che Ghazali Che Ghazali

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2018

This study was design to investigate the effect of total sulfated GAG from integument body wall o... more This study was design to investigate the effect of total sulfated GAG from integument body wall of sea cucumber Stichopus vastus on inflammatory mediators and tissue healing on rodents with full thickness burn injury.Twelve male Sprague-dawley rats weighting 350-400 grams were distributed randomly into two groups. Six rats in group A received 5 ml/kg/day intraperitoneal total sulfated GAG from S.vastusfor 5 days, while control group received phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Level ofIL-10 and IL-12 were measured at day 1, 6 and 12. The level of IL-10 revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher andthe level of IL-12 was reduced significantly (p<0.05) in sulfated GAG treated group. Data suggested that sulfated GAG from S. vastus integument body wall increase anti-inflammatory cytokine and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine. Microscopic evaluation showed reduced neutrophils infiltration with enhanced proliferation of fibroblasts and angiogenesis (p<0.05) in the sulfated GAG treated group. Sulfated GAG from S. vastus integument body wall has impact on the outcome of wound healing process by increasing the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 and reduced level of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-12 and positive effect on fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis process.

Process Biochemistry, 2018

Sea cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta is a potential alternative collagen source. However, the high l... more Sea cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta is a potential alternative collagen source. However, the high levels of heavy metals contained in the body wall restricts its utilization. In this work, an efficient method was established to remove the heavy metals accumulated in the body wall of A. leucoprocta by demineralizing with 0.2 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The resulting body wall of A. leucoprocta was then used for extracting pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 with pepsin proteolysis. The PSC from the body wall of A.leucoprocta was obtained with a yield of 43.99±0.65% (dry weight) and high purity. Maximum and minimum solubility for the isolated PSC in 0.5 M acetic acid were observed at pH 2.66 and 4.43, respectively. The solubility was remarkably decreased in the presence of NaCl. The denaturation temperature of PSC rehydrated in 0.5 M acetic acid was measured as 25.4°C. The PSC was characterized as type I collagen, which consists of three α 1 chains without α 2 chain. Interestingly, α 1 chain in PSC showed two isoforms with the pI values of 4.02 and 4.29. The heavy metals existing in PSC were all below the contaminant limit of edible gelatin. The PSC isolated from the body wall could be an alternative to mammalian collagens.

Local condiments consumption is a key constituent of diets throughout the east coast of Peninsula... more Local condiments consumption is a key constituent of diets throughout the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Little evidence-based knowledge's is known of the morphological changes that may impinge on oral health due to consumption of these local condiments. VPSEM, a new highly developed model of scanning electron microscope with simplified preparation of the tested material before use (Billy, 2000), has never been utilized before to study the effects of these locally available Malaysian condiments. This study is an attempt to pioneer the utility of high-resolution microscopy especially with VPSEM in elucidating a need to qualitate these condiments by scientific investigation thus, hoping to improve this commercially viable products present quality. At present their quality attributes is based mainly on flavor and smell

Local condiments consumption is a key constituent of diets throughout the east coast of Peninsu1a... more Local condiments consumption is a key constituent of diets throughout the east coast of Peninsu1ar Malaysia. Little evidence-based knowledge is known of the morphological changes that may impinge on oral health due to consumption of these local condiments

DOI: 10.21276/haya.2017.2.8.1 Abstract: Marine macroalgae produce a great variety of biological a... more DOI: 10.21276/haya.2017.2.8.1 Abstract: Marine macroalgae produce a great variety of biological active compounds which cannot be scientifically characterized with in other organism’s biomass. These marine habitats have been scientifically reported for modern medicinal uses although rheteoratically associated to coastal communities’ healthy eating and folk medicine practice. In tandem to this, these marine macroalgae have highly potentiate themselves as a tangible source of functional ingredients that is industrial applicable. Globally various division of geochemical marine macroalgae flora taxa (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta) flourish. However, despite substantial optimised yield and empirical evidence of their health potential benefits, these macroalgae remained largely pharmaceutical and medical related industries innovative unexploited. Of these leads compounds, sulfated polysaccharides offer a wide range of physiological and chemical-biological activities that include ...

6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT (ICENV2018): Empowering Environment and Sustainable Engineering Nexus Through Green Technology, 2019

Marine and aquaculture industry production and supplies is perpetually challenged, so as to ensur... more Marine and aquaculture industry production and supplies is perpetually challenged, so as to ensure environmentally responsible growth and the creation of efficient exploitation of under-utilized marine raw biomasses materials. Recognition of health benefits associated with consumption of marine derived biomasses is one of the most promising developments in human nutrition and disease-prevention research. However, despite its declining wild stocks population, a major portion of the harvest of these marketable taxomised marine invertebrates is discarded [as wasted biomasses] or used for the production of low value fish meal and fish oil. Marine by-products, though, contain valuable bioactive compounds, protein and lipid fractions as well as vitamins and minerals compounds which are beneficial to human wellness and health. Devising strategies for the full utilization and sustainable of the catch and its biomasses and green approaches processing of discards for production of novel products is therefore a matter of importance for both the fishing industry and food processors in this milenia industrial revolution 4 era. Potential applications of proteins, lipids, chitin and minerals from these in marine flora and fauna as bioactive materials have increased the value of these marine by-products. As such maximizing the value of theses marine by-products provides a complete review of the characterization, recovery, processing and applications of local optimised commercial able geochemical marine-by products. i.e., in the valorization of marine by-products. This manuscript revises and highlights works related to enhancing the value of marine functional ingredients and by products as invaluable reference from marketable taxonomies marine biomasses and as alternative sources for biotechnological synthetic ingredients, as a part of neutraceuticals and functional foods. Highlights from works pertaining to geochemical signatures vouchered sea cucumbers, macroalgae and crown of thorns starfish will also be extrapolated.

Journal of Physical Science, 2019

To cite this article: Tan, CC. et al. (2019). Effect of extraction temperature on the physicochem... more To cite this article: Tan, CC. et al. (2019). Effect of extraction temperature on the physicochemical properties of gelatine from the skin of black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus).

African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Jan 22, 2012

Breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women all over the world. Current chemotherape... more Breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women all over the world. Current chemotherapeutic drugs for breast cancer such as tamoxifen show severe side effects. Therefore, there is a focus toward new chemotherapeutic agents to be obtained from natural sources. This study was carried out to evaluate cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the Acanthaster planci starfish extract compared to tamoxifen in human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. The extract was obtained using phosphate buffered saline. MTS assay and Annexin V assay were performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and apoptotic effect, respectively. The extract was found to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells (IC 50 =15.6 µg/ml) and induced apoptosis (52.9% after 1 h treatment and 63.9% after 2 h treatment). This apoptotic effect was more potent and earlier than the apoptotic effect induced by tamoxifen. These data suggest that A. planci starfish extract may be utilized as potential chemotherapeutic agents to be used in the treatment of human breast cancer.

The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences Mjms, Jul 1, 2000

Introduction Dentine a viable biological tissue forms an intimately related complex with the odon... more Introduction Dentine a viable biological tissue forms an intimately related complex with the odontoblasts. Much has been question of the barrier properties of dentine within teeth and between teeth.. In human adults the odontoblasts are fully differentiated post-mitotic cells, which send its cytoplasmic processes into the dentinal tubules, yet various studies in the physic of fluid flow in dentine takes little recognition of its presence. The permeability of dentine has been implicated in a possible hydrodynamic mechanism by which rapid fluid movement in the tubules is thought to depolarise the nerve endings. Objective The innovative aim from this pilot investigation is to contribute to the understanding of the influence of odontoblasts on the permeability of human dentine. Methodology This study describes the permeability in odontoblast preserved and odontoblast free preparations in vitro i.e. comparing fluid flow across dentine in human third molars. The pulp tissues were removed from human third molars leaving the odontoblasts attached to the walls of the chamber. The specimens were then either fixed chemically (odontoblast-preserved specimens) or immersed in NaOH (odontoblast free specimens). Occlusal dentine was exposed by removing the enamel. The exposed dentine was placed in contact with water and the ingress of water into the pulp chamber was observed with a binocular microscope. A microlitre syringe was used to measure the volume of water accumulated at time intervals of several hours for up to 70 hours or more. Results The results showed that spontaneous flow continued in both preparations until equilibrium was reached. The relative final volumes were greater in the odontoblast free preparations than in the odontoblast preserved. Conclusion Water movement through odontoblast free dentine was believed to be driven by capillarity and through odontoblast preserved dentine by capillarity and osmotic pressure. References 1. Farid Bin Che Ghazali,. The odontoblasts and its related structures: a review.

The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2003

This is an update on the present integrated knowledge regarding dentine permeability that assumed... more This is an update on the present integrated knowledge regarding dentine permeability that assumed a role in dentine sensitivity and contribute clinically to the effective bonding properties of restorative dental materials. This paper will attempt to refer to in vivo and in vitro studies of dentine permeability and the various interrelated factors governing it.

Natural Product Research, 2011

Stichopus hermanni and Stichopus vastus are sea cucumber species from the Stichopodidae family wi... more Stichopus hermanni and Stichopus vastus are sea cucumber species from the Stichopodidae family within the coastal waters of Malaysia. The integument of these invertebrates is hypothesised to contain abundant glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs are divided into non-sulphated and sulphated GAGs. Sulphated GAGs have various chemico-biological functions that are beneficial to humans. This study quantitatively analysed N-, O-sulphated and total sulphated GAG content from three different anatomical regions (integument, internal organs and coelomic fluid) of S. hermanni and S. vastus. The integument revealed the highest content of total, O- and N-sulphated GAGs, followed by the internal organs and the coelomic fluid for both species of sea cucumbers. The percentage division of O- and N-sulphated GAGs suggested that anatomical parts of both species showed higher levels of O-sulphated GAGs compared to N-sulphated GAGs. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the integument body wall of S. hermanni and S. vastus is a rich source of sulphated GAGs.

Natural Product Research, 2014

Electron MIcroscopy Society Ma.laysia Proceedings 11 111 Scientific Conference 2002 ... INVESTIGA... more Electron MIcroscopy Society Ma.laysia Proceedings 11 111 Scientific Conference 2002 ... INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL MALAYSIAN ... Farid Bin Che Ghazali, Abdul Wan Manan Wan Mudsl Jamaruddin Mat Asan, ... School of Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, ...

Electron microscopy studies of the dentinal tubules are mainly investigated using the high vacuum... more Electron microscopy studies of the dentinal tubules are mainly investigated using the high vacuum conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM). We aimed to investigate its morphology using the variable pressure SEM Three almost caries free intact adult human molar tooth were prepared as unembedded demineralised whole dentine preparations that were initially chemically fixed with 10% formalin for 24 hours. They were demineralised in 10% EDTA solution for 4 weeks following, which they were than section into two equal halves. The uncoated partially demineralised dentine half tissue was inspected systematically under a LEO VPSEM using the peltier cooling sub stage at 15 Pascal pressure with an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. An occlusal and longitudinal observation was made from its occlusal surface to the pulpal border. Both low and high magnifications images were prepared from each specimen observed.

Food Science & Nutrition, 2012

Globally, there is an uprising interest for availability of tangible, novel, added value, sustain... more Globally, there is an uprising interest for availability of tangible, novel, added value, sustainable commercial exploitable therapeutic compounds from naturally derived sources. The paper will highlight bioactive compounds of therapeutic potential from marine sources such as polysaccharides, especially glycosaminoglycans. It is now well documented, and this effort combined with a green technological approach in sustainable natural biodiversity will allow the development of a new generation of therapeutics. Outsourcing for a biocompatible, non-mutational bioactive compound such as GAG’s in a worldwide research and industrial agenda. Hence, the thorough understanding on how the biosynthesis, structure and function of complex glycosaminoglycans will reveal the polysaccharides from the marine environment could provide a valid alternative to traditional polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans.

In this study, sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was extracted from Acanthaster planci and its w... more In this study, sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was extracted from Acanthaster planci and its wound healing effects was assessed. Macroscopic examination revealed significant (p<0.05) contraction percentage (%) of wound on each observation (Day 1, Day 6 and Day 12) as compared to control group. Microscopic evaluations using light microscope, scanning, and transmission electron microscope showed that sulfated GAGs from A. planci enhanced epithelial cells migration and fibroblasts proliferation, and stimulate dense organisation of collagen fibers on the 12th day of observation, significantly (p<0.05) compared to control group. The microscopic study concluded that the second-intention excisional wound healing occurs faster in the GAGs treated group as compared to the saline-treated control group, while microscopical study using light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope revealed that the GAGs treated group have a significant effect in enhanced epithelizatio...

Food Hydrocolloids, 2020

Abstract The emulsifying properties of tilapia skin gelatin as affected by extraction temperature... more Abstract The emulsifying properties of tilapia skin gelatin as affected by extraction temperatures (45–75 °C) were investigated. The protein pattern of gelatin showed that the degradation of the major protein components (i.e., α-, β- and γ-chain) of gelatin occurred as the extraction temperature increased and increased the low molecular weight peptides. The surface hydrophobicity and surface activity of gelatin increased as the extraction temperature increased. The isoelectric points of tilapia gelatin decreased with an increase in the extraction temperature. Both gelatin solution and emulsion displayed almost Newtonian behavior except gelatin-stabilized emulsion extracted at 45 °C (G45), which displayed shear thinning behavior. At a given shear rate, the apparent viscosity of tilapia gelatin emulsion decreased as the extraction temperature increased. The G45 emulsion demonstrated the highest stability with no signs of flocculation or phase separation. However, when the extraction temperature increased from 55 to 75 °C, the tilapia gelatin emulsion was unstable due to flocculation and coalescence. The instability of emulsion also was partly due to the decrease of continuous phase viscosity. Besides, G45-stabilized emulsion showed a better creaming and droplet stability compared to bovine gelatin. This study showed that a physically stable oil-in-water emulsion could be formed by tilapia gelatin extracted at 45 °C.

Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine, 2019

Recognition of health benefits associated with consumption of marine derived biomasses is one of ... more Recognition of health benefits associated with consumption of marine derived biomasses is one of the most promising developments in human nutrition and disease-prevention research. This endeavor for bioactives and functional ingredients discovery from marine sources is "experience driven," as such the search for therapeutically useful synthetic drugs, and functional components is like "looking for a needle in a haystack," thus a daunting task. Zoonotic infection, adulteration, global warming and religious belief can be the star-gate barrier:-For example, the outsourcing for Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a pharmacologically bioactive compound have emerged as novel biomarkers and molecular players both within tumor cells and their microenvironment, as they integrate signals from growth factors, chemokines, integrins, and cell-cell matrix adhesion. As such, worldwide initiatives in outsourcing from geochemical signatures marine biomasses are flourishing. Most of these scientific interests are related to marketable compounds optimised via biotechnology applications. Approximately 50% of the US FDA approved drugs during 1981-2002 consist of either marine metabolites or their synthetic analogs. These bioactive compounds acts as antioxidant, peptides, chitoligosaccharides derivatives, sulfated polysaccharides, phlorotannins and carotenoids. Highlights from works to harness and provide scientific support to folk medicine much claimed legacy, pertaining to geochemical signatures vouchered sea cucumbers, macroalgae and crown of thorns starfish will be extrapolated.

Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012

Acanthaster planci, the crown-of-thorns starfish, naturally endowed with the numerous toxic spine... more Acanthaster planci, the crown-of-thorns starfish, naturally endowed with the numerous toxic spines around the dorsal area of its body. Scientific investigations demonstrated several toxico-pharmacological efficacies of A. planci such as, myonecrotic activity, hemorrhagic activity, hemolytic activity, mouse lethality, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, capillary permeability-increasing activity, edema-forming activity, anticoagulant activity and histamine-releasing activity from mast cells. The present study was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of A. planci extracts obtained by different methods of extraction on MCF-7 and HCT-116, human breast and colon cancer cell lines, respectively. Results of the cell proliferation assay showed that PBS extract exhibited very potent cytotoxic activity against both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines with IC(50) of 13.48 μg/mL and 28.78 μg/mL, respectively, while the extracts prepared by Bligh and Dyer method showed moderate cytotoxicity effec...