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Papers by Farkhanda Yasmin

Journal of innovative sciences, 2022

A ny substance that potentially changes biological function through its synthetic activity is ref... more A ny substance that potentially changes biological function through its synthetic activity is referred to be a drug (Ekedegwa, 2016). One of the sociopsychological problems facing the modern world is addiction (Flora and Stalikas, 2012). Drug addiction is a continuous long lasting and deteriorating situation in both men and 8 women (McHugh et al., 2018). Addiction is an ongoing condition in which a person repeatedly uses drugs, which causes consistent changes in his or her behavior, feelings, and thinking. As a result, the person loses control and harms themselves or other people (Crews et al., 2011). Addiction to drugs implies to psychological dependence and physiological compulsion. The physical and mental Abstract | Drug addiction in other words is an emotional, psychological and physical dependence on drugs which has become a serious issue in the world. Millions of people are using drugs due to different psychological, socio-cultural and family factors. In this regard geographical location and neurobiological circuits also acts supportive factors of addiction. As the rate of drugs usage has increased from era of industrialization, so now it is prevalent everywhere in rural and urban areas also in educational institutions of different countries of the world. Drug addiction has impacts on health and caused unbearable mental as well as emotional pain. Brain functioning is adversely affected by drug addiction, which causes reduction in cortex of brain, alteration in structure and function of myelin sheath, neuroinflammation resulted in reduced memory, decision making and thinking power. The adverse effects of drug addiction can be reversed to greater extent through usage of anti-inflammatory drugs, exercise and deactivation of microglial pathways. Plants are proved to be promising source of recovering drug addiction side effects. This article also focuses on psychological and emotional regulations, caused by drug addiction involve depression, schizophrenia, family problems and involvement in various criminal activities. Support of local community, use of preventive measures and public policies are required for strong long-term planning to prevent from drug addiction.

Biomedical Letters, 2021

Most of the mutations described in human MDM2 are tolerated without significantly disrupting the ... more Most of the mutations described in human MDM2 are tolerated without significantly disrupting the corresponding structural or molecular function. However, some of them are associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Numerous computational methods have been developed to predict the effects of missense single nucleotide variants (SNVs). The non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms affect the function of XRCC1, which impairs the ability to repair DNA and therefore increases the risk of diseases such as cancer. In this study, sequence and structure-based computational tools were used to screen the total listed coding SNPs of the MDM2 gene in order to recognize and describe them. The potential 6 ns SNP of MDM2 were identified from 29 ns SNP by consistent analysis using computational tools PolyPhen 2, SIFT, PANTHER and cSNP. The computational methods were used to systematically classify functional mutations in the regulatory and coding regions that modify the expre...

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2017

Background: Dengue is one of the main health problems worldwide with dramatic increases in report... more Background: Dengue is one of the main health problems worldwide with dramatic increases in reported cases in the last few decades. Now, dengue is a major threat to half of the world's population and approximately 50 million infections occur every year. Objectives: The major aim of this study was to screen out different synthetic antiviral compounds against dengue virus. As treatments used for dengue virus infections are nonspecific and effectless, it is necessary to find specific antiviral compounds that may be helpful in the treatment of dengue fever. In cell culture models, thiazolides are active against anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, and a range of viruses. Methods: Samples from positive dengue fever patients were included in the study. For dengue serotype-2, serum samples were further confirmed by serotyping protocol. Results: After toxicological analysis, a sharp significant antiviral response was shown by compounds A and B decreasing the viral titer of serotype 2 as 46% and 53%, respectively. A greater antiviral activity was indicated by compound "B" against NS3 gene as compared to compound "A". Against NS3 gene, a comparable antiviral activity was observed for compounds "A" and "B". Conclusions: From our results, it can be concluded that compounds A and B (Thiazolides) as dengue antiviral drugs can reduce viral load in patients if their inhibitory effects are reproduced in vivo. To identify the specific active ingredients, further studies are required by using various techniques to determine the efficacy of these compounds in animal model.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The word dengue, a Spanish homonym derived from Swahili language-KI DENGA ... more CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The word dengue, a Spanish homonym derived from Swahili language-KI DENGA PEPO,‖ means a disease caused by an evil spirit (Christie 1881). Dengue disease is also described as-break bone fever‖ for joint pains of dengue patients. Dengue is a major health problem in the world with dramatic increases in reported cases in the last few decades. It is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases. The virus belongs to family Falviviridae which has more than 70 family members including HCV, West Nile Virus and Yellow Fever Virus. Dengue virus has four distinct serotypes designated as DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. Dengue infection of one serotype gives lifelong immunity against only that specfic serotype, but no cross protective immunity is provided against other serotypes (Wilder et al. 2010). Serotypes are divided further into genotypes. All the four serotypes of dengue virus have been linked with epidemics and severe cases of dengue infection (Gibbons and Vaughn, 2002). The dengue virus is causative agent of dengue diseases, causing more sever dengue fever (DF), hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) (Gubler 1998; Lescar et al. 2008). Infection of different serotype can be a risk factor for DHF and DSS and severe outcome can be the result due to antibody dependent enhancement (Das et al. 2008; Leardkamolkarn and Sirigulpanit, 2012). It is evident from the studies that dengue virus type 2 is more dangerous than other serotypes (Goel et al. 2004), primary infection of dengue virus-1 or dengue virus-3 produce more lethal disease as compared to infection produced by dengue virus-2 or dengue virus-4 (Guzman and Isturiz 2010; Tang et al. 2012). The dengue epidemics become endemic in many countries. Now dengue is a major threat for the half the world's population and approximately Undiffer entiated Dengue Fever Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Fever Syndrome (Plasma Leakage) Without Unusual No Shock Dengue Shock Haemorrhage Haemorrhage Syndrome

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly the whole world due to its high morbidity and mo... more The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly the whole world due to its high morbidity and mortality rate. Thus, scientists around the globe are working to find potent drugs and designing an effective vaccine against COVID-19. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants are known to have a long history for the treatment of various pathogens and infections; thus, keeping this in mind, this study was performed to explore the potential of different phytochemicals as candidate inhibitors of the HR1 domain in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by using computer-aided drug discovery methods. Initially, the pharmacological assessment was performed to study the drug-likeness properties of the phytochemicals for their safe human administration. Suitable compounds were subjected to molecular docking to screen strongly binding phytochemicals with HR1 while the stability of ligand binding was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. Quantum computation-based density functional theory (DFT) analysis wa...

PLOS ONE

Background Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a native pest of... more Background Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a native pest of Asia and preferably invasion on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop as a commendatory host plant. Commercially, G. hirsutum is known as white gold and is an important cash crop all over the globe. Limited studies were published to focus on certain dietary compositions against different cotton pests. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in the laboratory under controlled conditions (temperature: 27 ± 2°C and relative humidity: 60 ± 10%) to determine the impact of three different treatment diets (wheat germ meal, okra, and chickpea) on the biological aspects (lifetime, developmental period) of P. gossypiella. Results Results revealed that the shortest larval time of P. gossypiella was observed on the okra feed diet while the longest period was recorded on the wheat germ diet. Meanwhile, the pupation delay was noted on the wheat germ diet. The dietary influence was also observed on ...

BioMed Research International

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly the whole world due to its high morbidity and mo... more The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly the whole world due to its high morbidity and mortality rate. Thus, scientists around the globe are working to find potent drugs and designing an effective vaccine against COVID-19. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants are known to have a long history for the treatment of various pathogens and infections; thus, keeping this in mind, this study was performed to explore the potential of different phytochemicals as candidate inhibitors of the HR1 domain in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by using computer-aided drug discovery methods. Initially, the pharmacological assessment was performed to study the drug-likeness properties of the phytochemicals for their safe human administration. Suitable compounds were subjected to molecular docking to screen strongly binding phytochemicals with HR1 while the stability of ligand binding was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. Quantum computation-based density functional theory (DFT) analysis wa...

BioMed Research International

Coronaviruses have been reported previously due to their association with the severe acute respir... more Coronaviruses have been reported previously due to their association with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). After SARS, these viruses were known to be causing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and caused 35% evanescence amid victims pursuing remedial care. Nowadays, beta coronaviruses, members of Coronaviridae, family order Nidovirales, have become subjects of great importance due to their latest pandemic originating from Wuhan, China. The virus named as human-SARS-like coronavirus-2 contains four structural as well as sixteen nonstructural proteins encoded by single-stranded ribonucleic acid of positive polarity. As there is no vaccine available to treat the infection caused by these viruses, there is a dire need for taking necessary steps against this virus. Herein, we have targeted two nonstructural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely, methyltransferase (nsp16) and helicase (nsp13), respectively, due to their substantial activity in viral pathogenesis. A total of 203...

Journal of veterinary research, 2018

Dengue is one of the major emerging viral diseases in the world, with dramatic increases in repor... more Dengue is one of the major emerging viral diseases in the world, with dramatic increases in reported cases in the last few decades and annual worldwide occurrence of approximately 390 million infections. It is a highly important mosquito-vectored disease and is a problem in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The major aim of this study was to clone and express the dengue NS3 gene, in service to its therapeutic importance for the development of stable cell lines. Blood samples from dengue fever (DF) patients were collected and subjected to PCR amplification of the NS3 gene of dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV-2). The NS3 gene was amplified using gene specific primers and cloned in the TA cloning vectors. The gene was successfully expressed in mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1. The current finding was different from a previously reported DENV-2 strain replicon constructed in different cells, in which the whole genetic material of the virus was used instead of an active protea...

Journal of innovative sciences, 2022

A ny substance that potentially changes biological function through its synthetic activity is ref... more A ny substance that potentially changes biological function through its synthetic activity is referred to be a drug (Ekedegwa, 2016). One of the sociopsychological problems facing the modern world is addiction (Flora and Stalikas, 2012). Drug addiction is a continuous long lasting and deteriorating situation in both men and 8 women (McHugh et al., 2018). Addiction is an ongoing condition in which a person repeatedly uses drugs, which causes consistent changes in his or her behavior, feelings, and thinking. As a result, the person loses control and harms themselves or other people (Crews et al., 2011). Addiction to drugs implies to psychological dependence and physiological compulsion. The physical and mental Abstract | Drug addiction in other words is an emotional, psychological and physical dependence on drugs which has become a serious issue in the world. Millions of people are using drugs due to different psychological, socio-cultural and family factors. In this regard geographical location and neurobiological circuits also acts supportive factors of addiction. As the rate of drugs usage has increased from era of industrialization, so now it is prevalent everywhere in rural and urban areas also in educational institutions of different countries of the world. Drug addiction has impacts on health and caused unbearable mental as well as emotional pain. Brain functioning is adversely affected by drug addiction, which causes reduction in cortex of brain, alteration in structure and function of myelin sheath, neuroinflammation resulted in reduced memory, decision making and thinking power. The adverse effects of drug addiction can be reversed to greater extent through usage of anti-inflammatory drugs, exercise and deactivation of microglial pathways. Plants are proved to be promising source of recovering drug addiction side effects. This article also focuses on psychological and emotional regulations, caused by drug addiction involve depression, schizophrenia, family problems and involvement in various criminal activities. Support of local community, use of preventive measures and public policies are required for strong long-term planning to prevent from drug addiction.

Biomedical Letters, 2021

Most of the mutations described in human MDM2 are tolerated without significantly disrupting the ... more Most of the mutations described in human MDM2 are tolerated without significantly disrupting the corresponding structural or molecular function. However, some of them are associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Numerous computational methods have been developed to predict the effects of missense single nucleotide variants (SNVs). The non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms affect the function of XRCC1, which impairs the ability to repair DNA and therefore increases the risk of diseases such as cancer. In this study, sequence and structure-based computational tools were used to screen the total listed coding SNPs of the MDM2 gene in order to recognize and describe them. The potential 6 ns SNP of MDM2 were identified from 29 ns SNP by consistent analysis using computational tools PolyPhen 2, SIFT, PANTHER and cSNP. The computational methods were used to systematically classify functional mutations in the regulatory and coding regions that modify the expre...

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2017

Background: Dengue is one of the main health problems worldwide with dramatic increases in report... more Background: Dengue is one of the main health problems worldwide with dramatic increases in reported cases in the last few decades. Now, dengue is a major threat to half of the world's population and approximately 50 million infections occur every year. Objectives: The major aim of this study was to screen out different synthetic antiviral compounds against dengue virus. As treatments used for dengue virus infections are nonspecific and effectless, it is necessary to find specific antiviral compounds that may be helpful in the treatment of dengue fever. In cell culture models, thiazolides are active against anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, and a range of viruses. Methods: Samples from positive dengue fever patients were included in the study. For dengue serotype-2, serum samples were further confirmed by serotyping protocol. Results: After toxicological analysis, a sharp significant antiviral response was shown by compounds A and B decreasing the viral titer of serotype 2 as 46% and 53%, respectively. A greater antiviral activity was indicated by compound "B" against NS3 gene as compared to compound "A". Against NS3 gene, a comparable antiviral activity was observed for compounds "A" and "B". Conclusions: From our results, it can be concluded that compounds A and B (Thiazolides) as dengue antiviral drugs can reduce viral load in patients if their inhibitory effects are reproduced in vivo. To identify the specific active ingredients, further studies are required by using various techniques to determine the efficacy of these compounds in animal model.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The word dengue, a Spanish homonym derived from Swahili language-KI DENGA ... more CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The word dengue, a Spanish homonym derived from Swahili language-KI DENGA PEPO,‖ means a disease caused by an evil spirit (Christie 1881). Dengue disease is also described as-break bone fever‖ for joint pains of dengue patients. Dengue is a major health problem in the world with dramatic increases in reported cases in the last few decades. It is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases. The virus belongs to family Falviviridae which has more than 70 family members including HCV, West Nile Virus and Yellow Fever Virus. Dengue virus has four distinct serotypes designated as DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. Dengue infection of one serotype gives lifelong immunity against only that specfic serotype, but no cross protective immunity is provided against other serotypes (Wilder et al. 2010). Serotypes are divided further into genotypes. All the four serotypes of dengue virus have been linked with epidemics and severe cases of dengue infection (Gibbons and Vaughn, 2002). The dengue virus is causative agent of dengue diseases, causing more sever dengue fever (DF), hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) (Gubler 1998; Lescar et al. 2008). Infection of different serotype can be a risk factor for DHF and DSS and severe outcome can be the result due to antibody dependent enhancement (Das et al. 2008; Leardkamolkarn and Sirigulpanit, 2012). It is evident from the studies that dengue virus type 2 is more dangerous than other serotypes (Goel et al. 2004), primary infection of dengue virus-1 or dengue virus-3 produce more lethal disease as compared to infection produced by dengue virus-2 or dengue virus-4 (Guzman and Isturiz 2010; Tang et al. 2012). The dengue epidemics become endemic in many countries. Now dengue is a major threat for the half the world's population and approximately Undiffer entiated Dengue Fever Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Fever Syndrome (Plasma Leakage) Without Unusual No Shock Dengue Shock Haemorrhage Haemorrhage Syndrome

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly the whole world due to its high morbidity and mo... more The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly the whole world due to its high morbidity and mortality rate. Thus, scientists around the globe are working to find potent drugs and designing an effective vaccine against COVID-19. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants are known to have a long history for the treatment of various pathogens and infections; thus, keeping this in mind, this study was performed to explore the potential of different phytochemicals as candidate inhibitors of the HR1 domain in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by using computer-aided drug discovery methods. Initially, the pharmacological assessment was performed to study the drug-likeness properties of the phytochemicals for their safe human administration. Suitable compounds were subjected to molecular docking to screen strongly binding phytochemicals with HR1 while the stability of ligand binding was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. Quantum computation-based density functional theory (DFT) analysis wa...

PLOS ONE

Background Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a native pest of... more Background Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a native pest of Asia and preferably invasion on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop as a commendatory host plant. Commercially, G. hirsutum is known as white gold and is an important cash crop all over the globe. Limited studies were published to focus on certain dietary compositions against different cotton pests. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in the laboratory under controlled conditions (temperature: 27 ± 2°C and relative humidity: 60 ± 10%) to determine the impact of three different treatment diets (wheat germ meal, okra, and chickpea) on the biological aspects (lifetime, developmental period) of P. gossypiella. Results Results revealed that the shortest larval time of P. gossypiella was observed on the okra feed diet while the longest period was recorded on the wheat germ diet. Meanwhile, the pupation delay was noted on the wheat germ diet. The dietary influence was also observed on ...

BioMed Research International

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly the whole world due to its high morbidity and mo... more The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly the whole world due to its high morbidity and mortality rate. Thus, scientists around the globe are working to find potent drugs and designing an effective vaccine against COVID-19. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants are known to have a long history for the treatment of various pathogens and infections; thus, keeping this in mind, this study was performed to explore the potential of different phytochemicals as candidate inhibitors of the HR1 domain in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by using computer-aided drug discovery methods. Initially, the pharmacological assessment was performed to study the drug-likeness properties of the phytochemicals for their safe human administration. Suitable compounds were subjected to molecular docking to screen strongly binding phytochemicals with HR1 while the stability of ligand binding was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. Quantum computation-based density functional theory (DFT) analysis wa...

BioMed Research International

Coronaviruses have been reported previously due to their association with the severe acute respir... more Coronaviruses have been reported previously due to their association with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). After SARS, these viruses were known to be causing Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and caused 35% evanescence amid victims pursuing remedial care. Nowadays, beta coronaviruses, members of Coronaviridae, family order Nidovirales, have become subjects of great importance due to their latest pandemic originating from Wuhan, China. The virus named as human-SARS-like coronavirus-2 contains four structural as well as sixteen nonstructural proteins encoded by single-stranded ribonucleic acid of positive polarity. As there is no vaccine available to treat the infection caused by these viruses, there is a dire need for taking necessary steps against this virus. Herein, we have targeted two nonstructural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely, methyltransferase (nsp16) and helicase (nsp13), respectively, due to their substantial activity in viral pathogenesis. A total of 203...

Journal of veterinary research, 2018

Dengue is one of the major emerging viral diseases in the world, with dramatic increases in repor... more Dengue is one of the major emerging viral diseases in the world, with dramatic increases in reported cases in the last few decades and annual worldwide occurrence of approximately 390 million infections. It is a highly important mosquito-vectored disease and is a problem in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The major aim of this study was to clone and express the dengue NS3 gene, in service to its therapeutic importance for the development of stable cell lines. Blood samples from dengue fever (DF) patients were collected and subjected to PCR amplification of the NS3 gene of dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV-2). The NS3 gene was amplified using gene specific primers and cloned in the TA cloning vectors. The gene was successfully expressed in mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1. The current finding was different from a previously reported DENV-2 strain replicon constructed in different cells, in which the whole genetic material of the virus was used instead of an active protea...