Gail Hansen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Gail Hansen
Food protection trends, May 1, 2012
Emerging hazards in the United States and global food supply were discussed in a January 2011 con... more Emerging hazards in the United States and global food supply were discussed in a January 2011 conference focusing on antibiotic-resistant (ABR) and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) pathogens. Current scientific findings and policies, public health implications, and risk management approaches related to the control of these pathogens in the food supply were reviewed. Invited experts explained and assessed universal risk management tools for addressing food safety issues and described current approaches and research needs. Attendees deliberated on food safety matters related to ABR and STEC pathogens that require further scientific study and regulatory action. For both ABR and STEC pathogens, specific recommendations for risk management strategies, tools, policies, and research needs are given based on the comments from attendees. The conference did not attempt to arrive at consensus on the issues. Pathogens in the food supply linked to environmental contamination and food-animal husbandry practices have emerged as public health hazards requiring a comprehensive, collaborative, and multi-layered response. When problems are documented through surveillance systems, effective public health protection requires implementation of control measures at multiple points along the farm to fork continuum.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Nov 1, 2005
We evaluated the 2003 Kansas West Nile virus public education campaign. Awareness was widespread ... more We evaluated the 2003 Kansas West Nile virus public education campaign. Awareness was widespread but compliance was low. Spanish-speaking persons were poorly informed. Relevant factors included population segment variability, campaign content, media choice, and materials delivery methods.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2007
For the 2003 monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in the United States, interhuman transmission was no... more For the 2003 monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in the United States, interhuman transmission was not documented and all case-patients were near or handled MPXVinfected prairie dogs. We initiated a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for animal-to-human MPXV transmission. Participants completed a questionnaire requesting exposure, clinical, and demographic information. Serum samples were obtained for analysis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM to orthopoxvirus. When data were adjusted for smallpox vaccination, case-patients were more likely than controls to have had daily exposure to a sick animal (odds ratio [OR] 4.0, 95% confi dence interval [CI] 1.2-13.4), cleaned cages and bedding of a sick animal (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.4-20.7), or touched a sick animal (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.2-13.4). These fi ndings demonstrate that human MPXV infection is associated with handling of MPXV-infected animals and suggest that exposure to excretions and secretions of infected animals can result in infection.
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 2009
A rapid assessment was conducted in July-August 2007 to determine the impact of heavy rains and e... more A rapid assessment was conducted in July-August 2007 to determine the impact of heavy rains and early summer floods on the mosquitoes and arbovirus activity in 4 southeastern Kansas counties. During 10 days and nights of collections using different types and styles of mosquito traps, a total of 10,512 adult female mosquitoes representing 29 species were collected, including a new species record for Kansas (Psorophora mathesoni). High numbers of Aedes albopictus were collected. Over 4,000 specimens of 4 Culex species in 235 species-specific pools were tested for the presence of West Nile, St. Louis, and western equine encephalitis viruses. Thirty pools representing 3 Culex species were positive for West Nile virus (WNV). No other arboviruses were detected in the samples. Infection rates of WNV in Culex pipiens complex in 2 counties (10.7/1,000 to 22.6/1,000) and in Culex salinarius in 1 county (6.0/1,000) were sufficiently high to increase the risk of transmission to humans. The infection rate of WNV in Culex erraticus was 1.9/1,000 in one county. Two focal hot spots of intense WNV transmission were identified in Montgomery and Wilson counties, where infection rates in Cx. pipiens complex were 26/ 1,000 and 19.9/1,000, respectively. Despite confirmed evidence of WNV activity in the area, there was no increase in human cases of arboviral disease documented in the 4 counties for the remainder of 2007.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005
Journal of Infectious …, 2001
In 1998, an outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infections occurred in Kansas among persons attendin... more In 1998, an outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infections occurred in Kansas among persons attending a school luncheon; community cases were also reported. In a cohort study of luncheon attendees, 27 (17%) of 161 persons reported illness. Consuming gravy (relative risk [RR], ...
Food Protection Trends, May 1, 2012
... You must sign in as a member to download the article. Emerging hazards in the United States a... more ... You must sign in as a member to download the article. Emerging hazards in the United States and global food supply were discussed in a January 2011 conference focusing on antibiotic-resistant (ABR) and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) pathogens. ...
The Kansas nurse, 2004
West Nile Virus (WNV), a mosquito transmitted disease, made its first appearance in North America... more West Nile Virus (WNV), a mosquito transmitted disease, made its first appearance in North America in 1999 and quickly spread westward. It arrived in Kansas in 2002, re-emerged in 2003, and is expected again in 2004. The natural cycle is from infected bird to mosquito, with humans and horses as accidental (dead-end) hosts. WNV is usually asymptomatic in humans, but can cause a wide spectrum of disease. There is currently no human vaccine and treatment is symptomatic only. A best preventive measure combines personal protection to prevent mosquito bites with reducing the number of mosquitoes.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2000
In 1993 Sin Nombre virus was recognized as the cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and t... more In 1993 Sin Nombre virus was recognized as the cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) was identified as the reservoir host. Surveillance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health departments includes investigation to determine the likely site(s) and activities that led to infection, an environmental assessment of the home and workplace, and possibly rodent trappings at these sites. As of December 31, 1998, there were 200 confirmed cases from 30 states (43% case-fatality ratio). The national HPS case registry was examined to determine the incubation period of HPS. Review of 11 case-patients with well-defined and isolated exposure to rodents suggests that the incubation period of HPS is 9 to 33 days, with a median of 14-17 days. Case investigations allow a better understanding of the incubation time of HPS and may define high-risk behaviors that can be targeted for intervention.
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2011
Background. In 2006, a mumps outbreak occurred on a university campus despite $ 95% coverage of s... more Background. In 2006, a mumps outbreak occurred on a university campus despite $ 95% coverage of students with 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Using plasma samples from a blood drive held on campus before identification of mumps cases, we compared vaccine-induced preoutbreak mumps antibody levels between individuals who developed mumps (case patients) and those who did not develop mumps (nonpatients). Methods. Preoutbreak samples were available from 11 case patients, 22 nonpatients who reported mumps exposure but no mumps symptoms, and 103 nonpatients who reported no known exposure and no symptoms. Antibody titers were measured by plaque reduction neutralization assay using Jeryl Lynn vaccine virus and the outbreak virus Iowa-G/USA-06 and by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results. Preoutbreak Jeryl Lynn virus neutralization titers were significantly lower among case patients than unexposed nonpatients (P 5 .023), and EIA results were significantly lower among case patients than exposed nonpatients (P 5 .007) and unexposed nonpatients (P 5 .009). Proportionately more case patients than exposed nonpatients had a preoutbreak anti-Jeryl Lynn titer , 31 (64% vs 27%, respectively; P 5 .065), an anti-Iowa-G/ USA-06 titer , 8 (55% vs 14%; P 5 .033), and EIA index standard ratio , 1.40 (64% vs 9%; P 5 .002) and , 1.71 (73% vs 14%, P 5 .001). Discussion. Case patients generally had lower preoutbreak mumps antibody levels than nonpatients. However, titers overlapped and no cutoff points separated all mumps case patients from all nonpatients.
Food protection trends, May 1, 2012
Emerging hazards in the United States and global food supply were discussed in a January 2011 con... more Emerging hazards in the United States and global food supply were discussed in a January 2011 conference focusing on antibiotic-resistant (ABR) and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) pathogens. Current scientific findings and policies, public health implications, and risk management approaches related to the control of these pathogens in the food supply were reviewed. Invited experts explained and assessed universal risk management tools for addressing food safety issues and described current approaches and research needs. Attendees deliberated on food safety matters related to ABR and STEC pathogens that require further scientific study and regulatory action. For both ABR and STEC pathogens, specific recommendations for risk management strategies, tools, policies, and research needs are given based on the comments from attendees. The conference did not attempt to arrive at consensus on the issues. Pathogens in the food supply linked to environmental contamination and food-animal husbandry practices have emerged as public health hazards requiring a comprehensive, collaborative, and multi-layered response. When problems are documented through surveillance systems, effective public health protection requires implementation of control measures at multiple points along the farm to fork continuum.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Nov 1, 2005
We evaluated the 2003 Kansas West Nile virus public education campaign. Awareness was widespread ... more We evaluated the 2003 Kansas West Nile virus public education campaign. Awareness was widespread but compliance was low. Spanish-speaking persons were poorly informed. Relevant factors included population segment variability, campaign content, media choice, and materials delivery methods.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2007
For the 2003 monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in the United States, interhuman transmission was no... more For the 2003 monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in the United States, interhuman transmission was not documented and all case-patients were near or handled MPXVinfected prairie dogs. We initiated a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for animal-to-human MPXV transmission. Participants completed a questionnaire requesting exposure, clinical, and demographic information. Serum samples were obtained for analysis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM to orthopoxvirus. When data were adjusted for smallpox vaccination, case-patients were more likely than controls to have had daily exposure to a sick animal (odds ratio [OR] 4.0, 95% confi dence interval [CI] 1.2-13.4), cleaned cages and bedding of a sick animal (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.4-20.7), or touched a sick animal (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.2-13.4). These fi ndings demonstrate that human MPXV infection is associated with handling of MPXV-infected animals and suggest that exposure to excretions and secretions of infected animals can result in infection.
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 2009
A rapid assessment was conducted in July-August 2007 to determine the impact of heavy rains and e... more A rapid assessment was conducted in July-August 2007 to determine the impact of heavy rains and early summer floods on the mosquitoes and arbovirus activity in 4 southeastern Kansas counties. During 10 days and nights of collections using different types and styles of mosquito traps, a total of 10,512 adult female mosquitoes representing 29 species were collected, including a new species record for Kansas (Psorophora mathesoni). High numbers of Aedes albopictus were collected. Over 4,000 specimens of 4 Culex species in 235 species-specific pools were tested for the presence of West Nile, St. Louis, and western equine encephalitis viruses. Thirty pools representing 3 Culex species were positive for West Nile virus (WNV). No other arboviruses were detected in the samples. Infection rates of WNV in Culex pipiens complex in 2 counties (10.7/1,000 to 22.6/1,000) and in Culex salinarius in 1 county (6.0/1,000) were sufficiently high to increase the risk of transmission to humans. The infection rate of WNV in Culex erraticus was 1.9/1,000 in one county. Two focal hot spots of intense WNV transmission were identified in Montgomery and Wilson counties, where infection rates in Cx. pipiens complex were 26/ 1,000 and 19.9/1,000, respectively. Despite confirmed evidence of WNV activity in the area, there was no increase in human cases of arboviral disease documented in the 4 counties for the remainder of 2007.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2005
Journal of Infectious …, 2001
In 1998, an outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infections occurred in Kansas among persons attendin... more In 1998, an outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infections occurred in Kansas among persons attending a school luncheon; community cases were also reported. In a cohort study of luncheon attendees, 27 (17%) of 161 persons reported illness. Consuming gravy (relative risk [RR], ...
Food Protection Trends, May 1, 2012
... You must sign in as a member to download the article. Emerging hazards in the United States a... more ... You must sign in as a member to download the article. Emerging hazards in the United States and global food supply were discussed in a January 2011 conference focusing on antibiotic-resistant (ABR) and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) pathogens. ...
The Kansas nurse, 2004
West Nile Virus (WNV), a mosquito transmitted disease, made its first appearance in North America... more West Nile Virus (WNV), a mosquito transmitted disease, made its first appearance in North America in 1999 and quickly spread westward. It arrived in Kansas in 2002, re-emerged in 2003, and is expected again in 2004. The natural cycle is from infected bird to mosquito, with humans and horses as accidental (dead-end) hosts. WNV is usually asymptomatic in humans, but can cause a wide spectrum of disease. There is currently no human vaccine and treatment is symptomatic only. A best preventive measure combines personal protection to prevent mosquito bites with reducing the number of mosquitoes.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2000
In 1993 Sin Nombre virus was recognized as the cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and t... more In 1993 Sin Nombre virus was recognized as the cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) was identified as the reservoir host. Surveillance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state health departments includes investigation to determine the likely site(s) and activities that led to infection, an environmental assessment of the home and workplace, and possibly rodent trappings at these sites. As of December 31, 1998, there were 200 confirmed cases from 30 states (43% case-fatality ratio). The national HPS case registry was examined to determine the incubation period of HPS. Review of 11 case-patients with well-defined and isolated exposure to rodents suggests that the incubation period of HPS is 9 to 33 days, with a median of 14-17 days. Case investigations allow a better understanding of the incubation time of HPS and may define high-risk behaviors that can be targeted for intervention.
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2011
Background. In 2006, a mumps outbreak occurred on a university campus despite $ 95% coverage of s... more Background. In 2006, a mumps outbreak occurred on a university campus despite $ 95% coverage of students with 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Using plasma samples from a blood drive held on campus before identification of mumps cases, we compared vaccine-induced preoutbreak mumps antibody levels between individuals who developed mumps (case patients) and those who did not develop mumps (nonpatients). Methods. Preoutbreak samples were available from 11 case patients, 22 nonpatients who reported mumps exposure but no mumps symptoms, and 103 nonpatients who reported no known exposure and no symptoms. Antibody titers were measured by plaque reduction neutralization assay using Jeryl Lynn vaccine virus and the outbreak virus Iowa-G/USA-06 and by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Results. Preoutbreak Jeryl Lynn virus neutralization titers were significantly lower among case patients than unexposed nonpatients (P 5 .023), and EIA results were significantly lower among case patients than exposed nonpatients (P 5 .007) and unexposed nonpatients (P 5 .009). Proportionately more case patients than exposed nonpatients had a preoutbreak anti-Jeryl Lynn titer , 31 (64% vs 27%, respectively; P 5 .065), an anti-Iowa-G/ USA-06 titer , 8 (55% vs 14%; P 5 .033), and EIA index standard ratio , 1.40 (64% vs 9%; P 5 .002) and , 1.71 (73% vs 14%, P 5 .001). Discussion. Case patients generally had lower preoutbreak mumps antibody levels than nonpatients. However, titers overlapped and no cutoff points separated all mumps case patients from all nonpatients.