Minerva Ghani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Minerva Ghani

Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2013

ABSTRACT

Methods in molecular biology, 2012

Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) is one of the most popular ornamental flowers worldwide and use... more Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) is one of the most popular ornamental flowers worldwide and used both as cut flower and potted plant. Some of them show excellent agronomic characters such as color, floral diameter, stem length, and vigor, which make this plant of commercial importance. Conventionally, multiplication is done through seeds or rhizome cuttings. Rapid multiplication of elite cultivars of Gerbera, with improved agronomic traits, has been achieved by using both direct and indirect tissue culture methods. Direct shoot regeneration was accomplished from stem apices on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1 mg/L kinetin. Indirect shoot induction succeeded from callus differentiation has been achieved on MS medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid, and 2 mg/L BA. The in vitro shoots, 4-5 cm long, were rooted by quick dipping the shoot bases for 3-5 s in 2,000 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid solution followed by transfer to the pots containing farmyard manure, soil, and sand (1:1:1 by volume). Initially, in vitro plantlets were covered with glass jars to maintain a high relative humidity (85-90%). As soon as new shoot growth begins, relative humidity is decreased by exposing them to the open environmental conditions prior transferring to the glasshouse. Indirect shoot regeneration increased the frequency of somaclonal variations. The selected somaclones were used in developing new and novel cultivars.

Plant Pathology Journal, Mar 15, 2012

Plant Pathology Journal, Dec 15, 2013

Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Nov 9, 2016

Plant regeneration was achieved from axillary bud, callus and somatic embryos of Dianthus caryoph... more Plant regeneration was achieved from axillary bud, callus and somatic embryos of Dianthus caryophyllus cv.Yellow Dot Com from node and leaf explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with plant growth regulators. The explant nodal cutting responded well for direct regeneration while leaf explant was selected for callus induction. The highest number of direct adventitious shoots were achieved with 9.08 µM TDZ and 5.37 µM NAA. The maximum callus induction was achieved with 2.06 µM 2, 4-D and 2.68 µM NAA. The calli derived from MS medium supplemented with 5.37 µM NAA and 2.27 µM TDZ were found to have maximum shoot regeneration potential. The highest number of calli producing shoots and average number of shoots per callus was recorded on MS medium supplemented with 9.12 µM zeatin and 5.07 µM IAA. The calli derived from leaf explants cultured on medium containing 2.06 µM 2, 4-D and 2.68 µM NAA were highly friable, had poor regeneration potential and were selected for cell suspension studies. The cultures were allowed to grow into micro-colonies in liquid medium and subsequently into embryogenic calli on semi-solid and solid MS medium which later differentiated into somatic embryos without growth regulators. Plantlets were obtained from in vitro derived shoots/somatic embryos with 60-80% survival after 30 day of transfer to pots. The plants regenerated from axillary buds, callus and somatic embryos were compared with mother plant to assess genetic fidelity using RAPD and 2.94%, 26.47% and 20.58% variation was observed, respectively.

Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2014

The physiological effects of physical and chemical mutagenesis on in vitro-raised plants of Gerbe... more The physiological effects of physical and chemical mutagenesis on in vitro-raised plants of Gerbera jamesonii Hook. were investigated. In vitro cultures of gerbera were established through capitulum explants cultured on 1.0ϫ Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5 mg l-1 benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg l-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In vitro-regenerated shoots were treated separately with ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS) at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, or 1.0% (v/v) or ␥-irradiation (at doses of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 Gy). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased significantly compared to untreated control shoots and reached a maximum at the highest dose of either mutagen. Overall, 18.3% and 20.5% reductions in chlorophyll concentration were observed in 2 month-old hardened plants following ␥-irradiation or EMS treatment, respectively. The mutated shoots showed significant increases in total phenolic compound concentrations (36% and 21.7%) and total protein concentrations (17.6% and 17.1%) at the highest dose of ␥-rays or EMS, respectively. Increases in the activities of the five enzymes, and in the concentrations of phenolic compounds and proteins, indicated the importance of these biomolecules in protecting gerbera plants grown under abiotic stress conditions.

Advances in horticultural science, 2011

The present study was undertaken to induce mutations in Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Snow Ball th... more The present study was undertaken to induce mutations in Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Snow Ball through in vitro mutagenesis by exposing the in vitro shoots to 5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy gamma radiation. RAPD analysis was used to detect genetic polymorphism among the variants and the control. Morphological variations were not observed with the 5 Gy gamma dose during the first season. Shoot regeneration, rooting and survival of shoots were affected by gamma ray doses. 10 Gy of gamma irradiation was the most effective in inducing muta- tions in flower colour through direct in vitro mutagenesis. The shoots irradiated with 20 and 30 Gy gamma radiation did not root and died. Twenty RAPD primers were used to amplify DNA segments from the genomic DNA of the control and its 10 variants, and the genetic similarity among them ranged from 0.06 to 0.79 revealing high genetic diversity.

The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2018

In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation in inducing resistance/tolerance towards powdery m... more In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation in inducing resistance/tolerance towards powdery mildew disease was investigated in Gerbera jamesonii cv. 'Harley'. In vitro shoot cultures were established through capitulum explants on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 22.2 lM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.53 lM indole acetic acid (IAA), followed by gamma irradiation of regenerated shoots (3-5 cm). Activity of four antioxidant enzymes i.e. superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase increased significantly as compared to the control and reached to highest level at the most stringent doses of mutagen. Ninety randomly selected irradiated plants (6 months old) and 100 control plants were inoculated with fungal conidial suspension, to screen for tolerance/resistance against powdery mildew. The severity of the disease was recorded on 0-4 scale with '0' indicating highly resistant; '1' indicating resistant; '2' indicating medium resistance; '3' indicating susceptible and '4' indicating highly susceptible. Three plants (3.33%) irradiated with 5 Gy were found to be tolerant to powdery mildew as these plants showed slight and delayed development of fungal colonies on the leaves. The random amplified polymorphic DNA characterization showed that the irradiated plants had DNA patterns that were different from the control and mother plants.

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2017

The present study explores morphological, genetic and phytochemical composition of Bunium persicu... more The present study explores morphological, genetic and phytochemical composition of Bunium persicum populations belonging to high altitudinal areas of Indian Himalayan region. In total, 23 morphological traits (13 quantitative and 10 qualitative traits) and 32 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA primers were employed to infer the population structure of the species. Of the fourteen populations, five genetically diverse populations were analyzed for phytochemical diversity. Among morphological traits, inflorescence, seed and branch traits were most significant in detecting variation. At molecular level, primers TIBMBA-06 and OPR-16 were found most polymorphic with respect to Polymorphism Information Content and Marker Index values. Dendrogram grouped all populations into two major clusters while population from Shong region out grouped separately showing its distantness from all other populations. STRUCTURE analysis was done by using Bayesian model, which characterised all populations into four clusters and some degree of admixture was also observed within individuals. Shong population showed distinct genetic makeup as also suggested by dendrogram. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of 55 components, of which, 2-methyl-3-phenyl propanal, benzeneacetic acid, 1-phellandrene, c-terpene, a-terpinolene, D0.3-carene and sabinene were major components in its essential oils. The present study revealed high genetic and phytochemical diversity in B. persicum accessions from northwestern Himalayan regions. Specifically, accessions from Saptal regions were having higher quantity of essential oils and can be selected for cultivation to meet the commercial demand to some extent. Further, the diversity information provided herein can be useful in management and improvement of this species through future breeding programmes.

Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., commonly known as Horse gram, is an important legume crop of... more Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc., commonly known as Horse gram, is an important legume crop of India which is also cultivated as forage crop in some other semi arid regions of the world. A number of desirable traits such as tolerance to drought and heavy metal stress, growth in poor soils, high protein content, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and various medicinal properties make it a crop of interest and potential food source of future. Although in India it is cultivated since prehistoric times, the production and area under cultivation is declining due to unsuitable plant types for intensive agriculture. To cope up with this situation introgression of desirable traits to well adapted genotypes from cultivated and wild species is required. Before embarking upon any improvement programme it is prerequisite to have information about the extent of genetic diversity in the germplasm for desirable traits. In Horse gram few studies on phenotypic and biochemical diversity ...