Gilbert Burleigh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Gilbert Burleigh

Hertfordshire's Past, 1989

Oxbow Books, Jul 31, 2020

The Antiquaries Journal, Jul 25, 2011

This short note puts on record three fragments of an Iron Age decorated mirror found in 1998 in a... more This short note puts on record three fragments of an Iron Age decorated mirror found in 1998 in a field near Ruxox Farm, in the parish of Maulden, Bedfordshire, the fifth such mirror to be recorded from that county. The significance of the find is discussed within the context of the overall archaeology of the Ruxox area and compared to other mirror finds from the region. Three fragments of a copper-alloy decorated Iron Age mirror were found by Mr Simon Rowley in 1998, whilst metal detecting on a field near Ruxox Farm, in the parish of Maulden, Bedfordshire (TL 048365). The finder first mentioned his discovery and showed the fragments to one of the authors (VM) on a visit to Luton Museum in late 2003. The fragments were subsequently seen and recorded (by GB) at the finder's home in Luton in January 2007. Recording was completed during visits over the following year. The mirror remains in the finder's possession. The three fragments (figs 1 and 2) were found together at a shallow depth in the plough-soil of an arable field. 1 These fragments are all that survives of a mirror that may well have been associated originally with a cremation burial, of which no trace was recognized by the finder. The broken, buckled and corroded condition of the mirror fragments, taken with the considerable missing parts, indicates that any burial had been destroyed and its contents dispersed by ploughing. 2 The mirror is the fifth to be recorded from Bedfordshire. 3 The design on the mirror back appears to be incomplete. Indeed, the surviving decoration is executed free-hand with a scriber and is suggestive of marking-out rather than of a completed design. 4

Oxbow Books, Mar 23, 2023

The Antiquaries Journal, Sep 1, 2007

In November  metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knot... more In November  metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knotenfibel brooch and some pottery sherds at Pegsdon, Shillington, Bedfordshire. Subsequent excavation of the findspot uncovered a Late Iron Age cremation burial pit associated with further pot sherds and a single fragment of calcined bone. The opportunity is taken in this preliminary account to revisit both the occurrence in southern England of the brooch type and to discuss the mirror's decoration in relation to the variation of views as to the British mirror series as a whole, and in particular with regard to other recent mirror discoveries. The burial is discussed in its local context and the possible significance of the topography in relation to the site is highlighted. At Pegsdon, in the parish of Shillington, Bedfordshire, spectacular finds have been made in recent years on the site of an apparently otherwise ordinary Romano-British rural settlement. The settlement lies on the Icknield Way, at the foot of the chalk scarp of the Chiltern Hills, on chalky clay colluvium over a solid geology of Lower Chalk. It extends between Kettledean Farm in the north and Pegsdon Common Farm to the south, centred at TL  . It is on the spring-line and a stream, now ditched, formerly rose on the uphill side of the settlement, just below the m contour line, flowing north west, then west, through the settlement that grew up on its banks from at least the Late Iron Age. The spring source issues from the mouth of a short deep dry valley, about m in length, running north west down the scarp rising to the south east. The scarp rises to about m OD while the settlement is situated on relatively flat ground between the m and m contours. A second small stream, also now ditched, emerges from the ground some m to the north of the settlement (fig ) and again bisects the settlement, running north to south. Knocking Knoll, a Neolithic short-long burial mound, is sited on top of the scarp, approximately m north of the dry valley and m east of the settlement. Tingley Tumulus, a Bronze Age round barrow, lies on the scarp, close to the head of the dry

Sacred Landscapes in Antiquity, 2020

Britannia, 2006

ABSTRACTAn unusually complex fourth-century infant grave excavated in Baldock in 1988 produced a ... more ABSTRACTAn unusually complex fourth-century infant grave excavated in Baldock in 1988 produced a complete Dea Nutrix figurine. Whilst not uncommon as site finds, Deae Nutrices are less frequently encountered as grave gifts in Britain than in Gaul. The reasons for its inclusion as a grave gift are explored, as are wider questions of Romano-British burial practice in the town, the significance of Dea Nutrix as a deity, and the nature of funerary ritual. An assessment is also made of the status of the Roman town.

Burnt or cremated animal bone has been found at ritual sites across the Greek and Roman world, bu... more Burnt or cremated animal bone has been found at ritual sites across the Greek and Roman world, but has rarely been reported in Romano-British contexts. We discuss two examples of this practice from two sites in southeast England, Ashwell (Hertfordshire) and Charlwood (Surrey). While the process of cremation and deposition of animal bone is similar on both sites, specific taxonomic compositions vary, indicating that this was as variable as other Roman ritual practices in Britain. Other examples from across the south and east of Britain indicate that burning animal offerings was a part of accepted orthopraxy in certain ritual contexts.

Sacred Landscapes in Antiquity

Current Archaeology, 2010

Acceso de usuarios registrados. Acceso de usuarios registrados Usuario Contraseña. ...

The Antiquaries Journal, 2009

A figurine unique for Roman Britain is described and analysed, showing that its attributes confla... more A figurine unique for Roman Britain is described and analysed, showing that its attributes conflate those of several classical deities, all of whom might have been associated in the mind of the donor with the Romano-Celtic goddess, Senuna.

The Antiquaries Journal, 2007

In November 2000 metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knot... more In November 2000 metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knotenfibel brooch and some pottery sherds at Pegsdon, Shillington, Bedfordshire. Subsequent excavation of the findspot uncovered a Late Iron Age cremation burial pit associated with further pot sherds and a single fragment of calcined bone. The opportunity is taken in this preliminary account to revisit both the occurrence in southern England of the brooch type and to discuss the mirror's decoration in relation to the variation of views as to the British mirror series as a whole, and in particular with regard to other recent mirror discoveries. The burial is discussed in its local context and the possible significance of the topography in relation to the site is highlighted.

The Antiquaries Journal, 2011

This short note puts on record three fragments of an Iron Age decorated mirror found in 1998 in a... more This short note puts on record three fragments of an Iron Age decorated mirror found in 1998 in a field near Ruxox Farm, in the parish of Maulden, Bedfordshire, the fifth such mirror to be recorded from that county. The significance of the find is discussed within the context of the overall archaeology of the Ruxox area and compared to other mirror finds from the region.

Britannia, 2006

ABSTRACT An unusually complex fourth-century infant grave excavated in Baldock in 1988 produced a... more ABSTRACT An unusually complex fourth-century infant grave excavated in Baldock in 1988 produced a complete Dea Nutrix figurine. Whilst not uncommon as site finds, Deae Nutrices are less frequently encountered as grave gifts in Britain than in Gaul. The reasons for its inclusion as a grave gift are explored, as are wider questions of Romano-British burial practice in the town, the significance of Dea Nutrix as a deity, and the nature of funerary ritual. An assessment is also made of the status of the Roman town.

The Antiquaries Journal, 2007

In November  metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knot... more In November  metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knotenfibel brooch and some pottery sherds at Pegsdon, Shillington, Bedfordshire. Subsequent excavation of the findspot uncovered a Late Iron Age cremation burial pit associated with ...

The Antiquaries Journal, 2009

... way into the ground as a dedication to Senuna, by a votary from the eastern or southern Medit... more ... way into the ground as a dedication to Senuna, by a votary from the eastern or southern Mediterranean, and that it was, perhaps, intended as a multiple assimilation of Senuna and her powers to the bounty of Fortuna and the wisdom (and more) of Athena-Minerva. ... Jackson 2004 ...

Books by Gilbert Burleigh

by Ralph Haussler, Gian Franco Chiai, Eris Williams Reed, Francesca Diosono, Leticia López-Mondéjar, Lucia Alberti, Katharina Zinn, Francisco Marco, Anthony C King, Marco García Quintela, María Cruz Cardete, Elena Chepel, Julie Baleriaux, Maxwell Stocker, Marco Palone, Dr Selga Medenieks, Anastasia Tchaplyghine (formerly Amrhein), Gilbert Burleigh, and Daniele Salvoldi

ed. by R. Haeussler & G. F. Chiai. Oxford: Oxbow Books (2020), 2020

33 authors collaborated in this volume on sacred landscapes in the ancient world in a comparative... more 33 authors collaborated in this volume on sacred landscapes in the ancient world in a comparative, multi-disciplinary perspective, between Britain and Egypt, Portugal and China.
From generation to generation, people experience their landscapes differently. Humans depend on their natural environment: it shapes their behaviour and it is often felt that one has to appease one's deities that were responsible for natural benefits, but also for natural calamities, like droughts, famines, floods and landslides. In many societies, we presume that lakes, rivers, rocks, mountains, caves and groves were considered sacred. Individual sites and entire landscapes are often associated with divine actions, mythical heroes and etiological myths. Throughout human history, people also felt the need to monumentalise their sacred landscape. But this is where the similarities stop as different societies had very different understandings, believes and practises. The aim of this book is therefore to carefully scrutinise our evidence and rethink our methodologies in a multidisciplinary approach. More than thirty papers investigate diverse sacred landscapes from the Iberian peninsula and Britain in the west to China in the east. They discuss how to interpret the intricate web of ciphers and symbols in the landscape and how people might have experienced it. We see the role of performance, ritual, orality, textuality and memory in people's sacred landscapes. A diachronic view allows us to study how landscapes were 're-written', adapted and redefined in the course of time to suit new cultural, political and religious understandings, not to mention the impact of urbanism on people's understandings. How was the landscape manipulated, transformed and monumentalised, especially the colossal investments in monumental architecture we see in certain socio-historic contexts or the creation of an alternative humanmade, seemingly 'non-natural' landscape, with perfectly astronomically aligned buildings that defines a cosmological order? This volume therefore aims to analyse the complex links between landscape, 'religiosity' and society, developing a dialectic framework that explores sacred landscapes across the ancient world in a dynamic, holistic, contextual and historical perspective.

Hertfordshire's Past, 1989

Oxbow Books, Jul 31, 2020

The Antiquaries Journal, Jul 25, 2011

This short note puts on record three fragments of an Iron Age decorated mirror found in 1998 in a... more This short note puts on record three fragments of an Iron Age decorated mirror found in 1998 in a field near Ruxox Farm, in the parish of Maulden, Bedfordshire, the fifth such mirror to be recorded from that county. The significance of the find is discussed within the context of the overall archaeology of the Ruxox area and compared to other mirror finds from the region. Three fragments of a copper-alloy decorated Iron Age mirror were found by Mr Simon Rowley in 1998, whilst metal detecting on a field near Ruxox Farm, in the parish of Maulden, Bedfordshire (TL 048365). The finder first mentioned his discovery and showed the fragments to one of the authors (VM) on a visit to Luton Museum in late 2003. The fragments were subsequently seen and recorded (by GB) at the finder's home in Luton in January 2007. Recording was completed during visits over the following year. The mirror remains in the finder's possession. The three fragments (figs 1 and 2) were found together at a shallow depth in the plough-soil of an arable field. 1 These fragments are all that survives of a mirror that may well have been associated originally with a cremation burial, of which no trace was recognized by the finder. The broken, buckled and corroded condition of the mirror fragments, taken with the considerable missing parts, indicates that any burial had been destroyed and its contents dispersed by ploughing. 2 The mirror is the fifth to be recorded from Bedfordshire. 3 The design on the mirror back appears to be incomplete. Indeed, the surviving decoration is executed free-hand with a scriber and is suggestive of marking-out rather than of a completed design. 4

Oxbow Books, Mar 23, 2023

The Antiquaries Journal, Sep 1, 2007

In November  metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knot... more In November  metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knotenfibel brooch and some pottery sherds at Pegsdon, Shillington, Bedfordshire. Subsequent excavation of the findspot uncovered a Late Iron Age cremation burial pit associated with further pot sherds and a single fragment of calcined bone. The opportunity is taken in this preliminary account to revisit both the occurrence in southern England of the brooch type and to discuss the mirror's decoration in relation to the variation of views as to the British mirror series as a whole, and in particular with regard to other recent mirror discoveries. The burial is discussed in its local context and the possible significance of the topography in relation to the site is highlighted. At Pegsdon, in the parish of Shillington, Bedfordshire, spectacular finds have been made in recent years on the site of an apparently otherwise ordinary Romano-British rural settlement. The settlement lies on the Icknield Way, at the foot of the chalk scarp of the Chiltern Hills, on chalky clay colluvium over a solid geology of Lower Chalk. It extends between Kettledean Farm in the north and Pegsdon Common Farm to the south, centred at TL  . It is on the spring-line and a stream, now ditched, formerly rose on the uphill side of the settlement, just below the m contour line, flowing north west, then west, through the settlement that grew up on its banks from at least the Late Iron Age. The spring source issues from the mouth of a short deep dry valley, about m in length, running north west down the scarp rising to the south east. The scarp rises to about m OD while the settlement is situated on relatively flat ground between the m and m contours. A second small stream, also now ditched, emerges from the ground some m to the north of the settlement (fig ) and again bisects the settlement, running north to south. Knocking Knoll, a Neolithic short-long burial mound, is sited on top of the scarp, approximately m north of the dry valley and m east of the settlement. Tingley Tumulus, a Bronze Age round barrow, lies on the scarp, close to the head of the dry

Sacred Landscapes in Antiquity, 2020

Britannia, 2006

ABSTRACTAn unusually complex fourth-century infant grave excavated in Baldock in 1988 produced a ... more ABSTRACTAn unusually complex fourth-century infant grave excavated in Baldock in 1988 produced a complete Dea Nutrix figurine. Whilst not uncommon as site finds, Deae Nutrices are less frequently encountered as grave gifts in Britain than in Gaul. The reasons for its inclusion as a grave gift are explored, as are wider questions of Romano-British burial practice in the town, the significance of Dea Nutrix as a deity, and the nature of funerary ritual. An assessment is also made of the status of the Roman town.

Burnt or cremated animal bone has been found at ritual sites across the Greek and Roman world, bu... more Burnt or cremated animal bone has been found at ritual sites across the Greek and Roman world, but has rarely been reported in Romano-British contexts. We discuss two examples of this practice from two sites in southeast England, Ashwell (Hertfordshire) and Charlwood (Surrey). While the process of cremation and deposition of animal bone is similar on both sites, specific taxonomic compositions vary, indicating that this was as variable as other Roman ritual practices in Britain. Other examples from across the south and east of Britain indicate that burning animal offerings was a part of accepted orthopraxy in certain ritual contexts.

Sacred Landscapes in Antiquity

Current Archaeology, 2010

Acceso de usuarios registrados. Acceso de usuarios registrados Usuario Contraseña. ...

The Antiquaries Journal, 2009

A figurine unique for Roman Britain is described and analysed, showing that its attributes confla... more A figurine unique for Roman Britain is described and analysed, showing that its attributes conflate those of several classical deities, all of whom might have been associated in the mind of the donor with the Romano-Celtic goddess, Senuna.

The Antiquaries Journal, 2007

In November 2000 metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knot... more In November 2000 metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knotenfibel brooch and some pottery sherds at Pegsdon, Shillington, Bedfordshire. Subsequent excavation of the findspot uncovered a Late Iron Age cremation burial pit associated with further pot sherds and a single fragment of calcined bone. The opportunity is taken in this preliminary account to revisit both the occurrence in southern England of the brooch type and to discuss the mirror's decoration in relation to the variation of views as to the British mirror series as a whole, and in particular with regard to other recent mirror discoveries. The burial is discussed in its local context and the possible significance of the topography in relation to the site is highlighted.

The Antiquaries Journal, 2011

This short note puts on record three fragments of an Iron Age decorated mirror found in 1998 in a... more This short note puts on record three fragments of an Iron Age decorated mirror found in 1998 in a field near Ruxox Farm, in the parish of Maulden, Bedfordshire, the fifth such mirror to be recorded from that county. The significance of the find is discussed within the context of the overall archaeology of the Ruxox area and compared to other mirror finds from the region.

Britannia, 2006

ABSTRACT An unusually complex fourth-century infant grave excavated in Baldock in 1988 produced a... more ABSTRACT An unusually complex fourth-century infant grave excavated in Baldock in 1988 produced a complete Dea Nutrix figurine. Whilst not uncommon as site finds, Deae Nutrices are less frequently encountered as grave gifts in Britain than in Gaul. The reasons for its inclusion as a grave gift are explored, as are wider questions of Romano-British burial practice in the town, the significance of Dea Nutrix as a deity, and the nature of funerary ritual. An assessment is also made of the status of the Roman town.

The Antiquaries Journal, 2007

In November  metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knot... more In November  metal detectorists located a decorated copper-alloy mirror, a single silver Knotenfibel brooch and some pottery sherds at Pegsdon, Shillington, Bedfordshire. Subsequent excavation of the findspot uncovered a Late Iron Age cremation burial pit associated with ...

The Antiquaries Journal, 2009

... way into the ground as a dedication to Senuna, by a votary from the eastern or southern Medit... more ... way into the ground as a dedication to Senuna, by a votary from the eastern or southern Mediterranean, and that it was, perhaps, intended as a multiple assimilation of Senuna and her powers to the bounty of Fortuna and the wisdom (and more) of Athena-Minerva. ... Jackson 2004 ...

by Ralph Haussler, Gian Franco Chiai, Eris Williams Reed, Francesca Diosono, Leticia López-Mondéjar, Lucia Alberti, Katharina Zinn, Francisco Marco, Anthony C King, Marco García Quintela, María Cruz Cardete, Elena Chepel, Julie Baleriaux, Maxwell Stocker, Marco Palone, Dr Selga Medenieks, Anastasia Tchaplyghine (formerly Amrhein), Gilbert Burleigh, and Daniele Salvoldi

ed. by R. Haeussler & G. F. Chiai. Oxford: Oxbow Books (2020), 2020

33 authors collaborated in this volume on sacred landscapes in the ancient world in a comparative... more 33 authors collaborated in this volume on sacred landscapes in the ancient world in a comparative, multi-disciplinary perspective, between Britain and Egypt, Portugal and China.
From generation to generation, people experience their landscapes differently. Humans depend on their natural environment: it shapes their behaviour and it is often felt that one has to appease one's deities that were responsible for natural benefits, but also for natural calamities, like droughts, famines, floods and landslides. In many societies, we presume that lakes, rivers, rocks, mountains, caves and groves were considered sacred. Individual sites and entire landscapes are often associated with divine actions, mythical heroes and etiological myths. Throughout human history, people also felt the need to monumentalise their sacred landscape. But this is where the similarities stop as different societies had very different understandings, believes and practises. The aim of this book is therefore to carefully scrutinise our evidence and rethink our methodologies in a multidisciplinary approach. More than thirty papers investigate diverse sacred landscapes from the Iberian peninsula and Britain in the west to China in the east. They discuss how to interpret the intricate web of ciphers and symbols in the landscape and how people might have experienced it. We see the role of performance, ritual, orality, textuality and memory in people's sacred landscapes. A diachronic view allows us to study how landscapes were 're-written', adapted and redefined in the course of time to suit new cultural, political and religious understandings, not to mention the impact of urbanism on people's understandings. How was the landscape manipulated, transformed and monumentalised, especially the colossal investments in monumental architecture we see in certain socio-historic contexts or the creation of an alternative humanmade, seemingly 'non-natural' landscape, with perfectly astronomically aligned buildings that defines a cosmological order? This volume therefore aims to analyse the complex links between landscape, 'religiosity' and society, developing a dialectic framework that explores sacred landscapes across the ancient world in a dynamic, holistic, contextual and historical perspective.

Roman Animals in Ritual and Funerary Contexts, ed. S Deschler-Erb, U. Albaraella, S V Lamas, G Rasbach, 2021

Burnt or cremated animal bone has been found at ritual sites across the Greek and Roman world, bu... more Burnt or cremated animal bone has been found at ritual
sites across the Greek and Roman world, but has rarely
been reported in Romano-British contexts. We discuss
two examples of this practice from two sites in southeast
England, Ashwell (Hertfordshire) and Charlwood
(Surrey). While the process of cremation and deposition
of animal bone is similar on both sites, specific taxonomic
compositions vary, indicating that this was as
variable as other Roman ritual practices in Britain. Other
examples from across the south and east of Britain
indicate that burning animal offerings was a part of accepted
orthopraxy in certain ritual contexts.