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Papers by Gilda Di Masi
Las lesiones agudas de los nervios perifericos son una complicacion del trauma de las extremidade... more Las lesiones agudas de los nervios perifericos son una complicacion del trauma de las extremidades. En la poblacion civil, afecta a cerca del 3% de los pacientes con politraumatismos1,2, mientras que en epoca de guerra este porcentaje puede elevarse hasta el 10%3-5. Dado que suele afectar a la poblacion economicamente activa, su costo social es nada despreciable6. Un adecuado manejo de estas lesiones da como resultado, en muchos casos, el restablecimiento de la funcion perdida. Actualmente esta bien establecido el porcentaje de recuperacion que posee cada nervio en particular en una poblacion seleccionada, luego de ser sometido a una reconstruccion con injerto interpuesto de nervio sural. Tal es asi, que los mejores resultados se consiguen al reparar los nervios radial y ciatico popliteo interno (entre 88% y 100% en las lesiones en antebrazo y rodilla respectivamente, y 66% a 54% en las que se presentan en axila, brazo y muslo), y los peores con el nervio ciatico popliteo externo (5...
Operative Neurosurgery
BACKGROUND Traumatic brachial plexus injuries cause long-term maiming of patients. The major targ... more BACKGROUND Traumatic brachial plexus injuries cause long-term maiming of patients. The major target function to restore in complex brachial plexus injury is elbow flexion. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze the correlation between the length of the nerve graft and the strength of target muscle recovery in extraplexual and intraplexual nerve transfers. METHODS A total of 51 patients with complete or near-complete brachial plexus injuries were treated with a combination of nerve reconstruction strategies. The phrenic nerve (PN) was used as axon donor in 40 patients and the spinal accessory nerve was used in 11 patients. The recipient nerves were the anterior division of the upper trunk (AD), the musculocutaneous nerve (MC), or the biceps branches of the MC (BBs). An index comparing the strength of elbow flexion between the affected and the healthy arms was correlated with the choice of target nerve recipient and the length of nerve grafts, among other parameters. The mean follow-up ...
Operative Neurosurgery
BACKGROUND The phrenic nerve has been extensively reported to be a very powerful source of transf... more BACKGROUND The phrenic nerve has been extensively reported to be a very powerful source of transferable axons in brachial plexus injuries. The most used technique used is supraclavicular sectioning of this nerve. More recently, video-assisted thoracoscopic techniques have been reported as a good alternative, since harvesting a longer phrenic nerve avoids the need of an interposed graft. OBJECTIVE To compare grafting vs phrenic nerve transfer via thoracoscopy with respect to mean elbow strength at final follow-up. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted among patients who underwent phrenic nerve transfer for elbow flexion at 2 centers from 2008 to 2017. All data analysis was performed in order to determine statistical significance among the analyzed variables. RESULTS A total of 32 patients underwent supraclavicular phrenic nerve transfer, while 28 underwent phrenic nerve transfer via video-assisted thoracoscopy. Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. A stati...
Neurocirugía, 2012
To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary n... more To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary nerve, treated by a nerve transfer from the triceps long branch of the radial nerve. An extensive analysis of the literature has also been made. Four patients aged between 21 and 42 years old presenting an isolated traumatic palsy of the axillary nerve were operated between January 2007 and June 2010. All cases were treated by nerve transfer six to eight months after the trauma. The results of these cases are analyzed, the same as the axillary nerve injuries series presented in the literature from 1982. One year after the surgery, all patients improved their abduction a mean of 70° (range 30 to 120°), showing a M4 in the British Medical Council Scale. No patient complained of triceps weakness after the procedure. These results are similar to those published employing primary grafting for the axillary nerve. Isolated injuries of the axillary nerve should be treated with surgery when spontaneous recovery is not verified 6 months after the trauma. Primary repair with grafts is the most popular surgical technique, with a rate of success of approximately 90%. The preliminary results of a nerve transfer employing the long triceps branch are similar, and a definite comparison of both techniques with a bigger number of cases should be done in the future.
Neurocirugia (Asturias, Spain), Jan 11, 2014
Facial palsy is a relatively common condition, from which most cases recover spontaneously. Howev... more Facial palsy is a relatively common condition, from which most cases recover spontaneously. However, each year, there are 127,000 new cases of irreversible facial paralysis. This condition causes aesthetic, functional and psychologically devastating effects in the patients who suffer it. Various reconstructive techniques have been described, but there is no consensus regarding their indication. While these techniques provide results that are not perfect, many of them give a very good aesthetic and functional result, promoting the psychological, social and labour reintegration of these patients. The aim of this article is to describe the indications for which each technique is used, their results and the ideal time when each one should be applied.
Surgical neurology international, 2014
ABSTRACT Abstract available from the publisher.
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 2008
Object Nerve transfers have become a major weapon in the battle against brachial plexus lesions.... more Object Nerve transfers have become a major weapon in the battle against brachial plexus lesions. Recently, a case involving the successful use of the platysma motor branch to re-innervate the pectoralis major muscle was reported. The present anatomical study was conducted to clarify the surgical anatomy of the platysma motor nerve, in view of its potential use as a donor for
Acta Neurochirurgica, 2011
Background Peripheral nerve lesions usually are associated with neuropathic pain. In the present ... more Background Peripheral nerve lesions usually are associated with neuropathic pain. In the present paper, we describe a simple scale to quantify pain after brachial plexus injuries and apply this scale to a series of patients to determine initial outcomes after reconstructive surgery. Methods Fifty-one patients with traumatic brachial plexus avulsion injuries were treated over the period of one calendar year at one center by the same surgical team. Of these, 28 patients who were available for follow-up reported some degree of neuropathic pain radiating towards the hand or forearm and underwent reconstructive microsurgery and direct pain management, including trunk and nerve neurolysis and repair. A special pain severity rating scale was developed and used to assess patients' pain before and after surgery, over a minimum follow-up of 6 months. An independent researcher, not part of the surgical team, performed all pre-and postoperative evaluations. Findings Of the 28 patients with brachial plexus traction injuries who met eligibility criteria, 93% were male, and most were young (mean age, 27.6 years). The mean preoperative severity of pain using our scale was 30.9 out of a maximum of 37 (±0.76 SD), which fell to a mean of 6.9 (±0.68 SD) 6 months post-procedure. On average, pain declined by 78% across the whole series, a decline that was statistically significant (p<.001). Subset analysis revealed similar improvements across all the different parameters of pain.
Acta Neurochirurgica, 2016
The hypoglossal (with or without grafts) and masseter nerves are frequently used as axon donors f... more The hypoglossal (with or without grafts) and masseter nerves are frequently used as axon donors for facial reinnervation when no proximal stump of the facial nerve is available. We report our experience treating facial nerve palsies via hemihypoglossal-to-facial nerve transfers either with (HFG) or without grafts (HFD), comparing these outcomes against those of masseteric-to-facial nerve transfers (MF). A total of 77 patients were analyzed retrospectively, including 51 HFD, 11 HFG, and 15 MF nerve transfer patients. Both the House-Brackmann (HB) scale and our own, newly-designed scale to rate facial reanimation post nerve transfer (quantifying symmetry at rest and when smiling, eye occlusion, and eye and mouth synkinesis when speaking) were used to enumerate the extent of recovery. With both the HB and our own facial reanimation scale, the HFD and MF procedures yielded better outcome scores than HFG, though only the HGD was statistically superior. HGD produced slightly better scores than MF for everything but eye synkinesis, but these differences were generally not statistically significant. Delaying surgery beyond 2 years since injury was associated with appreciably worse outcomes when measured with our own but not the HB scale. The only predictors of outcome were the surgical technique employed and the duration of time between the initial injury and surgery. HFD appears to produce the most satisfactory facial reanimation results, with MF providing lesser but still satisfactory outcomes. Using interposed grafts while performing hemihypoglossal-to-facial nerve transfers should likely be avoided, whenever possible.
Rev Argent Neurocir, Jun 1, 2007
Neurocirugia, Jul 31, 2012
To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary n... more To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary nerve, treated by a nerve transfer from the triceps long branch of the radial nerve. An extensive analysis of the literature has also been made. Four patients aged between 21 and 42 years old presenting an isolated traumatic palsy of the axillary nerve were operated between January 2007 and June 2010. All cases were treated by nerve transfer six to eight months after the trauma. The results of these cases are analyzed, the same as the axillary nerve injuries series presented in the literature from 1982. One year after the surgery, all patients improved their abduction a mean of 70° (range 30 to 120°), showing a M4 in the British Medical Council Scale. No patient complained of triceps weakness after the procedure. These results are similar to those published employing primary grafting for the axillary nerve. Isolated injuries of the axillary nerve should be treated with surgery when spontaneous recovery is not verified 6 months after the trauma. Primary repair with grafts is the most popular surgical technique, with a rate of success of approximately 90%. The preliminary results of a nerve transfer employing the long triceps branch are similar, and a definite comparison of both techniques with a bigger number of cases should be done in the future.
Revista Argentina De Neurocirugia, Jun 1, 2007
... 19. Taggart M. Rehabilitation. En Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB, editores. ... 2011 Asocia... more ... 19. Taggart M. Rehabilitation. En Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB, editores. ... 2011 Asociación Argentina de Neurocirugía Adolfo Alsina 3093 (C1207AAE) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires República Argentina Tel./Fax: (54-11) 4956-2415 rev.neurocirugia@aanc.org.ar.
Acta neurochirurgica, Jan 3, 2015
Controversy exists surrounding the use of the phrenic nerve for transfer in severe brachial plexu... more Controversy exists surrounding the use of the phrenic nerve for transfer in severe brachial plexus injuries. The objectives of this study are: (1) to present the experience of the authors using the phrenic nerve in a single institution; and (2) to thoroughly review the existing literature to date. Adult patients with C5-D1 and C5-C8 lesions and a phrenic nerve transfer were retrospectively included. Patients with follow-up shorter than 18 months were excluded. The MRC muscle strength grading system was used to rate the outcome. Clinical repercussions relating to sectioning of the phrenic nerve were studied. An intense rehabilitation program was started after surgery, and compliance to this program was monitored using a previously described scale. Statistical analysis was performed with the obtained data. Fifty-one patients were included. The mean time between trauma and surgery was 5.7 months. Three-quarters of the patients had C5-D1, with the remainder C5-C8. Mean post-operative fo...
Neurocirugía (Asturias, Spain), 2011
After the great enthusiasm generated in the '70s and '80s in brachial plexus surgery as a... more After the great enthusiasm generated in the '70s and '80s in brachial plexus surgery as a result of the incorporation of microsurgical techniques and other advances, brachial plexus surgery has been shaken in the last two decades by the emergence of nerve transfer techniques or neurotizations. This technique consists in sectioning a donor nerve, sacrificing its original function, to connect it with the distal stump of a receptor nerve, whose function was lost during the trauma. Neurotizations are indicated when direct repair is not possible, i.e. when a cervical root is avulsed at its origin in the spinal cord. In recent years, due to the positive results of some of these nerve transfer techniques, they have been widely used even in some cases where the roots of the plexus were preserved. In complete brachial plexus injuries, it is mandatory to determine the exact number of roots available (not avulsed) to perform a direct reconstruction. In case of absence of available root...
Neurocirugía, 2011
ABSTRACT Tras el gran entusiasmo generado en las décadas de los años’ 70 y ‘80 del siglo pasado, ... more ABSTRACT Tras el gran entusiasmo generado en las décadas de los años’ 70 y ‘80 del siglo pasado, como consecuencia entre otras de la incorporación de las técnicas de microcirugía, la cirugía del plexo braquial se ha visto sacudida en las últimas dos décadas por la aparición de las técnicas de transferencia nerviosa o neurotizaciones. Se denomina así a la sección de un nervio que llamaremos dador, sacrificando su función original, para unirlo con el cabo distal de un nervio receptor, cuya función se ha perdido durante el trauma y se busca restablecer. Las neurotizaciones se indican cuando un nervio lesionado no posee un cabo proximal que pueda ser unido, mediante injerto o sin él, con el extremo distal. La ausencia de cabo proximal se produce en el plexo braquial cuando una raíz cervical se avulsiona de su origen a nivel de la médula espinal. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, y dados los resultados francamente positivos de algunas de ellas, las técnicas de transferencia nerviosa se han estado empleando inclusive en algunos casos en los que las raíces del plexo estaban preservadas.
Acta Neurochirurgica, 2014
Body mass index (BMI) has recently been identified as a predictor of outcomes following reconstru... more Body mass index (BMI) has recently been identified as a predictor of outcomes following reconstructive surgery of shoulder palsies. In this study, we sought to determine if the same holds true for the reconstruction of elbow flexion. Forty patients who had undergone partial ulnar-to-biceps nerve transfer (Oberlin&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s procedure) for shoulder palsy were assessed and compared against 18 previously reported patients who had undergone reconstruction for elbow palsies. The British Medical Research Council (BMRC) scale and an index dividing shoulder abduction strength in the affected arm by healthy arm were recorded. All patients had undergone surgery within 12 months of injury and had ≥ 12 months of follow-up. M4 or M3 biceps strength was obtained in 90 % of patients. Final strength on the affected side averaged 5.8 kg, versus 20.2 kg on the normal side, for a mean recovery index score of 0.30. In this sample of 40 patients, BMI did not predict percentage strength or BMRC grade recovery. Neither did age, number of roots involved, the affected side, nor time to surgery. Comparing patients with elbow versus shoulder reconstruction, there were no differences, except that patients undergoing Oberlin&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s procedure had a statistically longer duration of time between injury and surgical repair (7.4 vs 5.1 months, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.006). Our data suggest that proximal muscle re-innervation is functionally more dependent upon BMI than distal re-innervation, likely because proximal muscles must support the weight of the entire extremity, while more distal muscles do not. BMI should be taken into consideration when planning surgery.
Surgical Neurology International, 2014
ABSTRACT Abstract available from the publisher.
Neurocirugía (Asturias, Spain), 2012
To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary n... more To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary nerve, treated by a nerve transfer from the triceps long branch of the radial nerve. An extensive analysis of the literature has also been made. Four patients aged between 21 and 42 years old presenting an isolated traumatic palsy of the axillary nerve were operated between January 2007 and June 2010. All cases were treated by nerve transfer six to eight months after the trauma. The results of these cases are analyzed, the same as the axillary nerve injuries series presented in the literature from 1982. One year after the surgery, all patients improved their abduction a mean of 70° (range 30 to 120°), showing a M4 in the British Medical Council Scale. No patient complained of triceps weakness after the procedure. These results are similar to those published employing primary grafting for the axillary nerve. Isolated injuries of the axillary nerve should be treated with surgery when sponta...
Las lesiones agudas de los nervios perifericos son una complicacion del trauma de las extremidade... more Las lesiones agudas de los nervios perifericos son una complicacion del trauma de las extremidades. En la poblacion civil, afecta a cerca del 3% de los pacientes con politraumatismos1,2, mientras que en epoca de guerra este porcentaje puede elevarse hasta el 10%3-5. Dado que suele afectar a la poblacion economicamente activa, su costo social es nada despreciable6. Un adecuado manejo de estas lesiones da como resultado, en muchos casos, el restablecimiento de la funcion perdida. Actualmente esta bien establecido el porcentaje de recuperacion que posee cada nervio en particular en una poblacion seleccionada, luego de ser sometido a una reconstruccion con injerto interpuesto de nervio sural. Tal es asi, que los mejores resultados se consiguen al reparar los nervios radial y ciatico popliteo interno (entre 88% y 100% en las lesiones en antebrazo y rodilla respectivamente, y 66% a 54% en las que se presentan en axila, brazo y muslo), y los peores con el nervio ciatico popliteo externo (5...
Operative Neurosurgery
BACKGROUND Traumatic brachial plexus injuries cause long-term maiming of patients. The major targ... more BACKGROUND Traumatic brachial plexus injuries cause long-term maiming of patients. The major target function to restore in complex brachial plexus injury is elbow flexion. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze the correlation between the length of the nerve graft and the strength of target muscle recovery in extraplexual and intraplexual nerve transfers. METHODS A total of 51 patients with complete or near-complete brachial plexus injuries were treated with a combination of nerve reconstruction strategies. The phrenic nerve (PN) was used as axon donor in 40 patients and the spinal accessory nerve was used in 11 patients. The recipient nerves were the anterior division of the upper trunk (AD), the musculocutaneous nerve (MC), or the biceps branches of the MC (BBs). An index comparing the strength of elbow flexion between the affected and the healthy arms was correlated with the choice of target nerve recipient and the length of nerve grafts, among other parameters. The mean follow-up ...
Operative Neurosurgery
BACKGROUND The phrenic nerve has been extensively reported to be a very powerful source of transf... more BACKGROUND The phrenic nerve has been extensively reported to be a very powerful source of transferable axons in brachial plexus injuries. The most used technique used is supraclavicular sectioning of this nerve. More recently, video-assisted thoracoscopic techniques have been reported as a good alternative, since harvesting a longer phrenic nerve avoids the need of an interposed graft. OBJECTIVE To compare grafting vs phrenic nerve transfer via thoracoscopy with respect to mean elbow strength at final follow-up. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted among patients who underwent phrenic nerve transfer for elbow flexion at 2 centers from 2008 to 2017. All data analysis was performed in order to determine statistical significance among the analyzed variables. RESULTS A total of 32 patients underwent supraclavicular phrenic nerve transfer, while 28 underwent phrenic nerve transfer via video-assisted thoracoscopy. Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. A stati...
Neurocirugía, 2012
To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary n... more To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary nerve, treated by a nerve transfer from the triceps long branch of the radial nerve. An extensive analysis of the literature has also been made. Four patients aged between 21 and 42 years old presenting an isolated traumatic palsy of the axillary nerve were operated between January 2007 and June 2010. All cases were treated by nerve transfer six to eight months after the trauma. The results of these cases are analyzed, the same as the axillary nerve injuries series presented in the literature from 1982. One year after the surgery, all patients improved their abduction a mean of 70° (range 30 to 120°), showing a M4 in the British Medical Council Scale. No patient complained of triceps weakness after the procedure. These results are similar to those published employing primary grafting for the axillary nerve. Isolated injuries of the axillary nerve should be treated with surgery when spontaneous recovery is not verified 6 months after the trauma. Primary repair with grafts is the most popular surgical technique, with a rate of success of approximately 90%. The preliminary results of a nerve transfer employing the long triceps branch are similar, and a definite comparison of both techniques with a bigger number of cases should be done in the future.
Neurocirugia (Asturias, Spain), Jan 11, 2014
Facial palsy is a relatively common condition, from which most cases recover spontaneously. Howev... more Facial palsy is a relatively common condition, from which most cases recover spontaneously. However, each year, there are 127,000 new cases of irreversible facial paralysis. This condition causes aesthetic, functional and psychologically devastating effects in the patients who suffer it. Various reconstructive techniques have been described, but there is no consensus regarding their indication. While these techniques provide results that are not perfect, many of them give a very good aesthetic and functional result, promoting the psychological, social and labour reintegration of these patients. The aim of this article is to describe the indications for which each technique is used, their results and the ideal time when each one should be applied.
Surgical neurology international, 2014
ABSTRACT Abstract available from the publisher.
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 2008
Object Nerve transfers have become a major weapon in the battle against brachial plexus lesions.... more Object Nerve transfers have become a major weapon in the battle against brachial plexus lesions. Recently, a case involving the successful use of the platysma motor branch to re-innervate the pectoralis major muscle was reported. The present anatomical study was conducted to clarify the surgical anatomy of the platysma motor nerve, in view of its potential use as a donor for
Acta Neurochirurgica, 2011
Background Peripheral nerve lesions usually are associated with neuropathic pain. In the present ... more Background Peripheral nerve lesions usually are associated with neuropathic pain. In the present paper, we describe a simple scale to quantify pain after brachial plexus injuries and apply this scale to a series of patients to determine initial outcomes after reconstructive surgery. Methods Fifty-one patients with traumatic brachial plexus avulsion injuries were treated over the period of one calendar year at one center by the same surgical team. Of these, 28 patients who were available for follow-up reported some degree of neuropathic pain radiating towards the hand or forearm and underwent reconstructive microsurgery and direct pain management, including trunk and nerve neurolysis and repair. A special pain severity rating scale was developed and used to assess patients' pain before and after surgery, over a minimum follow-up of 6 months. An independent researcher, not part of the surgical team, performed all pre-and postoperative evaluations. Findings Of the 28 patients with brachial plexus traction injuries who met eligibility criteria, 93% were male, and most were young (mean age, 27.6 years). The mean preoperative severity of pain using our scale was 30.9 out of a maximum of 37 (±0.76 SD), which fell to a mean of 6.9 (±0.68 SD) 6 months post-procedure. On average, pain declined by 78% across the whole series, a decline that was statistically significant (p<.001). Subset analysis revealed similar improvements across all the different parameters of pain.
Acta Neurochirurgica, 2016
The hypoglossal (with or without grafts) and masseter nerves are frequently used as axon donors f... more The hypoglossal (with or without grafts) and masseter nerves are frequently used as axon donors for facial reinnervation when no proximal stump of the facial nerve is available. We report our experience treating facial nerve palsies via hemihypoglossal-to-facial nerve transfers either with (HFG) or without grafts (HFD), comparing these outcomes against those of masseteric-to-facial nerve transfers (MF). A total of 77 patients were analyzed retrospectively, including 51 HFD, 11 HFG, and 15 MF nerve transfer patients. Both the House-Brackmann (HB) scale and our own, newly-designed scale to rate facial reanimation post nerve transfer (quantifying symmetry at rest and when smiling, eye occlusion, and eye and mouth synkinesis when speaking) were used to enumerate the extent of recovery. With both the HB and our own facial reanimation scale, the HFD and MF procedures yielded better outcome scores than HFG, though only the HGD was statistically superior. HGD produced slightly better scores than MF for everything but eye synkinesis, but these differences were generally not statistically significant. Delaying surgery beyond 2 years since injury was associated with appreciably worse outcomes when measured with our own but not the HB scale. The only predictors of outcome were the surgical technique employed and the duration of time between the initial injury and surgery. HFD appears to produce the most satisfactory facial reanimation results, with MF providing lesser but still satisfactory outcomes. Using interposed grafts while performing hemihypoglossal-to-facial nerve transfers should likely be avoided, whenever possible.
Rev Argent Neurocir, Jun 1, 2007
Neurocirugia, Jul 31, 2012
To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary n... more To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary nerve, treated by a nerve transfer from the triceps long branch of the radial nerve. An extensive analysis of the literature has also been made. Four patients aged between 21 and 42 years old presenting an isolated traumatic palsy of the axillary nerve were operated between January 2007 and June 2010. All cases were treated by nerve transfer six to eight months after the trauma. The results of these cases are analyzed, the same as the axillary nerve injuries series presented in the literature from 1982. One year after the surgery, all patients improved their abduction a mean of 70° (range 30 to 120°), showing a M4 in the British Medical Council Scale. No patient complained of triceps weakness after the procedure. These results are similar to those published employing primary grafting for the axillary nerve. Isolated injuries of the axillary nerve should be treated with surgery when spontaneous recovery is not verified 6 months after the trauma. Primary repair with grafts is the most popular surgical technique, with a rate of success of approximately 90%. The preliminary results of a nerve transfer employing the long triceps branch are similar, and a definite comparison of both techniques with a bigger number of cases should be done in the future.
Revista Argentina De Neurocirugia, Jun 1, 2007
... 19. Taggart M. Rehabilitation. En Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB, editores. ... 2011 Asocia... more ... 19. Taggart M. Rehabilitation. En Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB, editores. ... 2011 Asociación Argentina de Neurocirugía Adolfo Alsina 3093 (C1207AAE) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires República Argentina Tel./Fax: (54-11) 4956-2415 rev.neurocirugia@aanc.org.ar.
Acta neurochirurgica, Jan 3, 2015
Controversy exists surrounding the use of the phrenic nerve for transfer in severe brachial plexu... more Controversy exists surrounding the use of the phrenic nerve for transfer in severe brachial plexus injuries. The objectives of this study are: (1) to present the experience of the authors using the phrenic nerve in a single institution; and (2) to thoroughly review the existing literature to date. Adult patients with C5-D1 and C5-C8 lesions and a phrenic nerve transfer were retrospectively included. Patients with follow-up shorter than 18 months were excluded. The MRC muscle strength grading system was used to rate the outcome. Clinical repercussions relating to sectioning of the phrenic nerve were studied. An intense rehabilitation program was started after surgery, and compliance to this program was monitored using a previously described scale. Statistical analysis was performed with the obtained data. Fifty-one patients were included. The mean time between trauma and surgery was 5.7 months. Three-quarters of the patients had C5-D1, with the remainder C5-C8. Mean post-operative fo...
Neurocirugía (Asturias, Spain), 2011
After the great enthusiasm generated in the '70s and '80s in brachial plexus surgery as a... more After the great enthusiasm generated in the '70s and '80s in brachial plexus surgery as a result of the incorporation of microsurgical techniques and other advances, brachial plexus surgery has been shaken in the last two decades by the emergence of nerve transfer techniques or neurotizations. This technique consists in sectioning a donor nerve, sacrificing its original function, to connect it with the distal stump of a receptor nerve, whose function was lost during the trauma. Neurotizations are indicated when direct repair is not possible, i.e. when a cervical root is avulsed at its origin in the spinal cord. In recent years, due to the positive results of some of these nerve transfer techniques, they have been widely used even in some cases where the roots of the plexus were preserved. In complete brachial plexus injuries, it is mandatory to determine the exact number of roots available (not avulsed) to perform a direct reconstruction. In case of absence of available root...
Neurocirugía, 2011
ABSTRACT Tras el gran entusiasmo generado en las décadas de los años’ 70 y ‘80 del siglo pasado, ... more ABSTRACT Tras el gran entusiasmo generado en las décadas de los años’ 70 y ‘80 del siglo pasado, como consecuencia entre otras de la incorporación de las técnicas de microcirugía, la cirugía del plexo braquial se ha visto sacudida en las últimas dos décadas por la aparición de las técnicas de transferencia nerviosa o neurotizaciones. Se denomina así a la sección de un nervio que llamaremos dador, sacrificando su función original, para unirlo con el cabo distal de un nervio receptor, cuya función se ha perdido durante el trauma y se busca restablecer. Las neurotizaciones se indican cuando un nervio lesionado no posee un cabo proximal que pueda ser unido, mediante injerto o sin él, con el extremo distal. La ausencia de cabo proximal se produce en el plexo braquial cuando una raíz cervical se avulsiona de su origen a nivel de la médula espinal. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, y dados los resultados francamente positivos de algunas de ellas, las técnicas de transferencia nerviosa se han estado empleando inclusive en algunos casos en los que las raíces del plexo estaban preservadas.
Acta Neurochirurgica, 2014
Body mass index (BMI) has recently been identified as a predictor of outcomes following reconstru... more Body mass index (BMI) has recently been identified as a predictor of outcomes following reconstructive surgery of shoulder palsies. In this study, we sought to determine if the same holds true for the reconstruction of elbow flexion. Forty patients who had undergone partial ulnar-to-biceps nerve transfer (Oberlin&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s procedure) for shoulder palsy were assessed and compared against 18 previously reported patients who had undergone reconstruction for elbow palsies. The British Medical Research Council (BMRC) scale and an index dividing shoulder abduction strength in the affected arm by healthy arm were recorded. All patients had undergone surgery within 12 months of injury and had ≥ 12 months of follow-up. M4 or M3 biceps strength was obtained in 90 % of patients. Final strength on the affected side averaged 5.8 kg, versus 20.2 kg on the normal side, for a mean recovery index score of 0.30. In this sample of 40 patients, BMI did not predict percentage strength or BMRC grade recovery. Neither did age, number of roots involved, the affected side, nor time to surgery. Comparing patients with elbow versus shoulder reconstruction, there were no differences, except that patients undergoing Oberlin&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s procedure had a statistically longer duration of time between injury and surgical repair (7.4 vs 5.1 months, p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.006). Our data suggest that proximal muscle re-innervation is functionally more dependent upon BMI than distal re-innervation, likely because proximal muscles must support the weight of the entire extremity, while more distal muscles do not. BMI should be taken into consideration when planning surgery.
Surgical Neurology International, 2014
ABSTRACT Abstract available from the publisher.
Neurocirugía (Asturias, Spain), 2012
To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary n... more To analyze the results of an initial series of four cases of traumatic injuries of the axillary nerve, treated by a nerve transfer from the triceps long branch of the radial nerve. An extensive analysis of the literature has also been made. Four patients aged between 21 and 42 years old presenting an isolated traumatic palsy of the axillary nerve were operated between January 2007 and June 2010. All cases were treated by nerve transfer six to eight months after the trauma. The results of these cases are analyzed, the same as the axillary nerve injuries series presented in the literature from 1982. One year after the surgery, all patients improved their abduction a mean of 70° (range 30 to 120°), showing a M4 in the British Medical Council Scale. No patient complained of triceps weakness after the procedure. These results are similar to those published employing primary grafting for the axillary nerve. Isolated injuries of the axillary nerve should be treated with surgery when sponta...