Godswill Anyasor - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Godswill Anyasor

$Research paper thumbnail of Formulated hexane fraction of Costus afer leaves balm suppressed xylene induced topical inflammation in rat model$

American journal of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology, 2018

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of topically applied hexane fraction a... more Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of topically applied hexane fraction and aqueous extract of Costus afer leaves balm and cream formula on xylene-induced ear edema. Methods: In vitro anti-inflammatory study was carried out using thermally induced protein denaturation and human erythrocyte membrane stabilization assays while in vivo anti-inflammatory study was performed using xylene-induced ear edema in rats. Results: Hexane fraction of C. afer leaves significantly inhibited thermally induced protein denaturation and stabilized human erythrocyte membrane against hypotonicity-induced hemolysis when compared with aqueous extract of C. afer leaves. Furthermore, in vivo study showed that 10% and 20% w/w hexane fraction of C. afer leaves balm formula at 360 minutes significantly suppressed xylene-induced ear edema by 82.02% (0.16 ± 0.01 mm) and 96.62% (0.03 ± 0.01 mm), respectively, when compared with 10% and 20% w/w aqueous extract of C. afer leaves cream formula with 55.06% (0.40 ± 0.01 mm) and 67.42% (0.29 ± 0.02 mm) inhibitions, respectively. Conclusion: The findings from this study revealed that hexane fraction of C. afer leaves balm formula exhibited higher anti-inflammatory activity against xylene-induced topical inflammation.

Journal of Biological Sciences, Feb 1, 2010

Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine, 2016

Objective: This study investigated the effects of oral co-administered ascorbic acid (AA) and dih... more Objective: This study investigated the effects of oral co-administered ascorbic acid (AA) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on some hepatotoxic biomarkers and parasitaemia counts in Plasmodium berghei Anka strain infected mice for 7 d. Methods: Twenty four male Swiss albino mice were randomly distributed into six groups; group I: "non-parasitized and non-treated"(nPnT), group II: "parasitized and non-treated"(PnT), group III: parasitized mice administered 5 mg/kg DHA, group IV: parasitized mice administered 5 mg/kg AA, group V: parasitized mice co-administered 5 mg/kg DHA+ 5 mg/kg AA and group VI: parasitized mice administered 25 mg/kg chloroquine (CQ) as standard. Results: Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in AA, DHA and CQ treated mice compared with PnT mice respectively. In addition, parasitized mice co-treated with DHA+AA had elevated plasma ALT and AST activities compared with DHA treated mice. Further investigation showed that parasite count/μl blood in PnT, AA and AA+DHA were not significantly (P>0.05) different. However, DHA and CQ treated mice had significantly reduced parasite count/μl blood at P<0.05 and 0.01 compared to PnT. Conclusion: Thus, data from this study indicated that the AA interferes with the anti-plasmodial activity of DHA and this condition could predispose the plasmodium infected individual to hepatic injury.

$Research paper thumbnail of Justicia secunda Vahl leaf fraction protects against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and enhancing membrane-bound phosphatase activities$

Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2020

Objective: To investigate the effect of Justicia secunda Vahl leaf fraction against acetaminophen... more Objective: To investigate the effect of Justicia secunda Vahl leaf fraction against acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats. Methods: In vitro antioxidant assays were performed on Justicia secunda leaf fractions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analytical method was done. Experimental animals were orally administered with 2 g/kg b.wt. acetaminophen, 100-500 mg/kg b.wt. Justicia secunda ethyl acetate leaf fraction (JSELF), and 100 mg/kg b.wt. silymarin. Blood and liver were collected to measure hepatic, oxidative stress, and membrane-bound phosphatase markers. Results: JSELF had significantly (P<0.05) high total antioxidant capacity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. JSELF-treated animals had reduced plasma hepatic enzymes, serum C-reactive protein, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein while hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels were elevated compared with untreated control. Membrane-bound phosphatase activities were improved in JSELF-treated animals. GC-MS detected tentatively 7 antioxidants and 4 hepatoprotective compounds. Conclusions: JSELF could protect against oxidative stress and improve membrane-bound phosphatase activity in rats with acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage.

African Journal of Biotechnology, Dec 7, 2016

This study investigates the anti-inflammatory properties of Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. Ex Lam,... more This study investigates the anti-inflammatory properties of Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. Ex Lam, a medicinal plant used by indigenous traditional healers to manage chronic inflammatory diseases especially rheumatism and arthritis. The hexane extract of H. bonariensis leaves was evaluated for the presence and concentration of phytochemicals. It was subjected to heat-induced albumin denaturation and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assays. The anti-inflammatory properties of the extract were further assessed by employing the formaldehyde induced arthritis animal model assay. The extract was finally subjected to GC/MS analysis for the tentative identification of the phytochemical constituents. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of saponin, phenol, flavonoid, tannin, terpenoid and sterol. This extract showed the ability to inhibit thermally-induced protein denaturation and stabilize HRBC membrane in concentration dependent manner. In the formaldehyde induced arthritis model, the paw measurements of the rats were taken, their hematological parameters were determined, and their liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities) were also carried out. Results from the animal model indicated that oral administration of the hexane extract of H. bonariensis leaf at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight had potent anti-inflammatory action. The GC/MS analysis suggested a number of anti-inflammatory compounds in the extract among which were: hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, falcarinol and phytol. Consequently, the tentative identification of phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory activity in H. bonariensis affirms the anti-inflammatory property of the plant and the phytochemicals could serve as lead compounds for designing anti-inflammatory drugs.

African Journal of Biotechnology, Aug 31, 2010

Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds capable of preventing and fighting oxidative related... more Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds capable of preventing and fighting oxidative related diseases. These compounds must be screened and assayed before effective drugs are developed. Thus, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of aqueous and methanol stem extracts of Costus afer Ker-Gawl were evaluated. C. afer contained flavonoids, phenols, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins. Preliminary screening of free radical scavenging activity of extracts with 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) using thin layer chromatography tested positive. The aqueous extract had a higher free radical scavenging activity with IC 50 (concentration of samples required for 50% inhibition of DPPH radical activity) value of 64.42 μg/ml than methanol extract (92.33 μg/ml). Furthermore, total phenolic content in aqueous extract (0.66 ± 0.02 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than methanol extract (0.52 ± 0.01 mg gallic acid equivalent/g). In addition, inhibition of lipid peroxidation by aqueous extract (80.60 ± 0.28%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than methanol extract (77.00 ± 0.84%). Nevertheless, methanol and aqueous extracts of C. afer possess anti-oxidative properties as well as bioactive metabolites. Thus, stem extracts of C. afer could serve as sources of antioxidants and bioactive compounds for nutrition and therapeutic purposes.

American Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dec 15, 2012

Journal of coastal life medicine, Jan 5, 2015

Evaluation of Costus afer Ker Gawl. in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and its chemical constitu... more Evaluation of Costus afer Ker Gawl. in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and its chemical constituents identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis

Scientific Journal of Animal Science, 2014

In lieu of the reports on re-emergence of chloroquine sensitivePlasmodium falciparum, the choice ... more In lieu of the reports on re-emergence of chloroquine sensitivePlasmodium falciparum, the choice of the drug for the treatment of malariaespecially in the endemic areas may not be ruled out. Here, we reported the antioxidative statusand histology of some vital organs in mice infected with P. berghei and subsequentlytreated with chloroquine. The study was a 4 by 10 model design as follows, thecontrol non-infected, the infected (IN) and chloroquine-treated infected(CqTI)/non-infected (CqTNI) mice. The challenged animals were subjected to fivedays treatment after parasitemia was established using Gemsa stain. Assays wereconducted on the animals following standard procedures. The results showed thatparasitemia and Chloroquine induced oxidative stress in (IN) and (CqTNI)groups. This was indicated by significant (p<0.05) changes in theantioxidant defence indices viz superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione(GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (...

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2019

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha (A.) wilkesia... more Objective: To investigate the protective effect of aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha (A.) wilkesiana Muell. Arg (Euphorbiaceae) against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in albino rats. Methods: Twenty male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of four animals each. The control group (I) was fed with pellets and distilled water, while group II was orally administered with only 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. Groups III, IV and V were co- administered with 20 mg/kg body weight cyclophosphamide and 110, 220 and 440 mg/kg body weight A. wilkesiana leaf extract, respectively, for 7 d. After treatment, liver and kidney function biomarkers, haematological parameters, liver antioxidants, and mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening were investigated. Results: A. wilkesiana leaf extract significantly reduced (P<0.05) cyclophosphamide-induced increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid and urea. It increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase activities and reduced glutathione levels. It also increased packed cell volume count, hemoglobin concentration and white blood cell count while inhibiting the induction of mitochondrial swelling. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that aqueous extract of A. wilkesiana leaf protected tissues against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative damage.

$Research paper thumbnail of Aqueous fraction of Alstonia boonei de Wild leaves suppressed inflammatory responses in carrageenan and formaldehyde induced arthritic rats$

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2017

Alstonia boonie de Wild is an ethnomedical plant used as therapy against inflammatory disorders. ... more Alstonia boonie de Wild is an ethnomedical plant used as therapy against inflammatory disorders. This study evaluated the most active anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant fraction of A. boonei leaves using in vitro and in vivo models. Quantitative phytochemical analysis, anti-protein denaturation and hypotonicity-induced hemolysis of human red blood cell membrane (HRBC), radical scavenging activity assays, carrageenan and formaldehyde-induced inflammation models were carried out. Results showed that aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions of 70% methanol extract of A. boonie leaves contained high quantities of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds compared with hexane and butanol fractions. Aqueous fraction of A. boonie leaves significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited heat-induced protein denaturation, stabilized hypotonicity-induced hemolysis of HRBC, scavenged DPPH, NO and H 2 O 2 radicals in a concentration-dependent manner compared with other fractions in vitro. In addition, orally administered 50-250-mg/kg body weight (b.w.) aqueous fraction of A. boonei leaves suppressed carrageenan-induced rat paw edema thickness by 74.32%, 79.22% and 89.86% respectively at 6th h in a dose-dependent manner comparable with animals treated with standard diclofenac sodium (88.69%) in vivo. Furthermore, investigation of formaldehyde-induced inflammation in rats showed that 50-250 mg/ kg b.w. aqueous fraction of A. boonei reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Aqueous fraction of A. boonei also suppressed eosinophils, monocytes and basophils, total white blood cell, total platelet, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and modulated plasma lipid profile compared with control group. Aqueous fraction of A. boonei leaves exhibited substantial active anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Hence, an aqueous fraction of A. boonei leaves could be channeled towards pharmaceutical drug development. In addition, this study provided scientific insight to account for the traditional use of A. boonei leaves in ethnomedical practice.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2020

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2009

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) oil from seeds of six varieties; boro red, boro light, mokwa, ela, c... more Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) oil from seeds of six varieties; boro red, boro light, mokwa, ela, campala and guta as well as oil from three geographical zones in Nigeria; northern, eastern and western were investigated. Gas chromatography analysis showed high concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids in the oil samples. Capric (0.0) and Lauric (8.1) acids were absent and highest, respectively in the mokwa variety and hence diagnostic. More so, the comparative chemical analysis of peanut oils from the three zones and some selected refined vegetable oils; sunola, grand, olive and corn oil, indicated that western and grand oils had high iodine value 1.74±0.1 and 2.63±0.1, respectively, compared to others. The northern oil had high acid and fat value than the others (4.49 and 133%, respectively). Furthermore, the saponification value of the local vegetable oils was found to be significantly higher than the refined vegetable oils (P < 0.05), the eastern oil having the highest (140.25mgKOH/g). However, the peroxide values for both the local and refined oils were less than the standard peroxide value (10mEqKg) for vegetable oil deterioration. Minerals were-1 present and no rancidity was observed in all the samples. In conclusion, the groundnut oil from Nigeria may have a higher shelf life, and serve as a useful substitute in nutrition and industrial applications.

Chromatographia, 1986

The steam volatile oil of the seeds of Omphalocarpus procerum P. Beauv (Sapotaceae) was investiga... more The steam volatile oil of the seeds of Omphalocarpus procerum P. Beauv (Sapotaceae) was investigated by capillary gas chromatography with characterisation by mass spectroscopy. The identification of palmitic acid (8%), indole (2.6%), ~-cadinene (7%), cinnamic alcohol (2.12%), e-humulene (0.38%), 7-muurolene (0.49%) as well as smaller amounts of 25 additional compounds was confirmed by GC-MS. In all about 70 compounds were detected in the volatile oil which also contained a large fraction of oxygenated sesquiterpenes.

Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 2018

Piper guineense Schumach. & Thonn. seeds are employed in ethnomedicine practice as therapy agains... more Piper guineense Schumach. & Thonn. seeds are employed in ethnomedicine practice as therapy against inflammatory disorders. This study was designed to determine the most active anti-inflammatory fraction of P. guineense seed using in vitro and in vivo models. Pulverized P. guineense seeds were partitioned into hexane and aqueous fractions using solvent-solvent partitioning method. Heat-induced protein denaturation, hypotonicity-induced hemolysis of erythrocyte membrane, anti-proteinase assays and formaldehyde-induced inflammation rat model were carried out. Results showed that hexane fraction of P. guineense seeds (HFPGS) significantly (P<0.01) inhibited heat-induced protein denaturation and proteinase activity while it stabilized (P<0.05) erythrocyte membrane against hypotonicity-induced hemolysis when compared with aqueous fraction of P. guineense seeds (AFPGS). Furthermore, 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) HFPGS significantly (P<0.01) suppressed 2 % v/v formaldehyde-induced paw thickness in rats by 83.30 ± 0.03 % on the 7th day when compared with rats treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. AFPGS (34.08 ± 0.02%) and 10 mg/kg b.w. Diclofenac sodium (66.15 ± 0.05%). In addition, experimental rats treated with HFPGS had significantly (P<0.05) reduced alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities and modulated hematological cells when compared with AFPGS rats. Thus, hexane fraction of P. guineense seeds showed substantial anti-inflammatory activity and could serve as a viable source for anti-inflammatory agent(s).

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research

Aims: This study evaluated the effect of the aqueous fraction of Justicia secunda Vahl leaves on ... more Aims: This study evaluated the effect of the aqueous fraction of Justicia secunda Vahl leaves on selected inflammatory markers Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor–kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its possible mechanism of action. Study Design: J. secunda aqueous leaf fraction (JSALF) was tested on carrageenan, arachidonic and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced rat paw inflammation models, respectively. Methodology: Ninety male albino rats (Wistar strain) were randomly distributed into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group I: normal, administered with 1 mL NaCl, Group II: untreated control, no treatment, Group III: administered with 10 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) diclofenac sodium (reference drug), Group IV, V, and VI: administered with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg b.wt. J. secunda leaf aqueous fraction (JSALF), respectively. TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-6 and COX-2 levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Gas Chromatogr...

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Aug 31, 2008

Extracts from the leaf of Tithonia diversifolia used in folk medicine for treatment of various ai... more Extracts from the leaf of Tithonia diversifolia used in folk medicine for treatment of various ailments were tested for antimalaria and mosquito repellency properties in experimental animals and human volunteers, under the laboratory conditions. Comparison of the effectiveness of Chloroquine with the aqueous and methanolic extracts from the plant (T. diversifolia) showed that Chloroquine was 100% effective in clearing the parasite while the aqueous and methanolic extracts were 50 and 74% effective in clearing the parasites respectively. Both aqueous and methanolic extracts were more effective when administered before the onset of the infection, probably indicating the time-dependency of the antimalaria effects. Earlier application of the extracts at the onset of the malaria symptoms was more effective in reducing the parasitemia within a few days. The administration of the plant extracts during the malaria episode was also effective with longer period of administration. The LC 50 of the aqueous extract in mice was 1.2ml/100g body weight while the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) was found to be 1.0ml/g. The repellent activity of volatile oil at different concentrations was measured by protection period against the bites of Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. The volatile oil extract showed higher repellent effect on A. gambiae at higher concentrations however its repellent and protective effects at various concentrations on all other species of mosquito tested can not be underestimated.

This study evaluated the chemical property and effect of Elaeis guineensis kernel (EGK) oil on ca... more This study evaluated the chemical property and effect of Elaeis guineensis kernel (EGK) oil on calcium ion-induced mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT) using standard in vitro methods. Results showed the EGK oil values for iodine (46.53±1.8 Wij’s), saponification (246.33±1.2 mgKOH/g), acid (10.32±2.5%) and peroxide (3.03±0.4 mEq/kg). EGK oil (150 μg/ml) exhibited a maximal inhibitory (80.9±4.8%) effect on MMPT. Furthermore, EGK oil (100 μg/ml) maximally stabilized (96.72±5.2%) erythrocyte membrane against hypotonicity-induced hemolysis. In addition, EGK oil (250 μg/ml) inhibited heat-induced protein denaturation by 12.42±2.6% and mitochondria lipid peroxidation by 61.03±3.7%. This study showed that EGK oil could possess mitochondria protective agent(s). Received: 7-4-2016 Revised: 16-4 -2016 Published: 22-4-2016

The present study investigated the protective state of endogenous antioxidants against free radic... more The present study investigated the protective state of endogenous antioxidants against free radicals generated in human plasmodium malaria. Two hundred structured questionnaires were administered to the participants and blood samples were collected to assess the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Results showed that the 200 volunteered participants, 32% (73) and 68% (127) were males and females respectively. There was discrepancy in the number of male (12%) and female (31%) respondents in the low oxidative stress category as well as in the moderate oxidative stress category where 69% were females and 84% were males. However, in the high oxidative stress category 4% of the observed respondents were males. All participants tested were positive for parasitaemia and categorized as high and low parasitaemic patients. Qualitative examinations of the impact of malaria showed that 30%, 67% and 3% high para...