Gopal Rai - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Gopal Rai

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012

The present study investigated the insulin sensitivity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activitie... more The present study investigated the insulin sensitivity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities of ethanolic extract ofMirabilis jalapaL. root (EEM) in normal and diabetic mice. After induction of diabetes with streptozotocin, both normal and diabetic mice were singly or repeatedly for 28 days administrated with EEM at doses of 2, 4, 8 g/kg, respectively. Before induction of diabetes, mice were administrated with EEM at doses of 2, 4, 8 g/kg for 14 days and were injected with streptozotocin and continued on EEM administration for another 28 days. Both after and before induction of diabetes, repeated administration with 4, 8 g/kg EEM continually lowered blood glucose level, decreased serum insulin level and improved insulin sensitivity index, and lowered serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and triglyceride content in liver and skeletal muscle, and increased glycogen content in these tissues; but repeated administration had no influence on those indexes of normal mice. Sin...

Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2020

Strengthening of prestressed girder using FRP has rarely been performed because prestressed girde... more Strengthening of prestressed girder using FRP has rarely been performed because prestressed girder has excellent strength under service load in both tension and compression. In this study, retrofitting of a 59-year-old prestressed bridge of Indian railway at Ratlam has been executed in which multiple vertical cracks visualized in tension zone and surface deterioration were observed. Due to this, deterioration speed of the trains over the bridge was restricted up to 20 km/h. The PSC girders of the bridge were strengthened by using prestressed carbon fiber. Serviceability of the structure was monitored before strengthening and after strengthening of the bridge girder. Deflections and natural frequencies after strengthening of girder were monitored for 481 days to ascertain the improvement and consistency in behavior of girder. After strengthening, the considerable decrement in deflection was noted by dint of the speed limit of the train which is recommended to increase up to 100 km/h.

Advance Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2016

This work was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of Pleurotus ... more This work was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of Pleurotus ostreatus cv. Florida. Mushroom basidiocarps were extracted in water:ethanol (1:1, v/v), and the resulting extract was subjected to antimicrobial studies against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans. Cytotoxic potential on viable human leukocytes was studied. In vitro results showed excellent antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials of the mushroom extract. Thus, functional properties of P. ostreatus cv. Florida could be used in the search for novel therapeutics.

International journal of biological macromolecules, 2016

Aim of this research was to prepare hyaluronic acid-modified-cellulose acetate phthalate (HAC) co... more Aim of this research was to prepare hyaluronic acid-modified-cellulose acetate phthalate (HAC) core shell nanoparticles (NPs) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). HAC copolymer was synthesized and confirmed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. HAC NPs with 5-FU were prepared using HAC copolymer and compared with 5-FU loaded cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) NPs. NPs were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). HAC NPs were found slower release (97.30% in 48h) than (99.25% in 8h) CAP NPs. In cytotoxicity studies, showed great cytotoxic potential of 5-FU loaded HAC NPs in A549, MDA-MD-435 and SK-OV-3 cancer cellline. HAC NPs showing least hemolytic than CAP NPs and 5-FU. Area under curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), mean residence time (MRT) and time to reach max...

Indian Journal of Pharmacology

ABSTRACT

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2015

Enteric-coated epichlorohydrin crosslinked dextran microspheres containing 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) ... more Enteric-coated epichlorohydrin crosslinked dextran microspheres containing 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) for colon drug delivery was prepared by emulsification-crosslinking method. The formulation variables studied includes different molecular weights of dextran, volume of crosslinking agent, stirring speed, time and temperature. Dextran microspheres showed mean entrapment efficiencies ranging between 77 and 87% and mean particle size ranging between 10 and 25 µm. About 90% of drug was released from uncoated dextran microspheres within 8 h, suggesting the fast release and indicated the drug loaded in uncoated microspheres, released before they reached colon. Enteric coating (Eudragit-S-100 and Eudragit-L-100) of dextran microspheres was performed by oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method. The release study of 5-FU from coated dextran microspheres was complete retardation in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and once the coating layer of enteric polymer was dissolved at higher pH (7.4 and 6.8), a controlled release of the drug from the microspheres was observed. Further, the release of drug was found to be higher in the presence of dextranase and rat caecal contents, indicating the susceptibility of dextran microspheres to colonic enzymes. Organ distribution and pharmacokinetic study in albino rats was performed to establish the targeting potential of optimized formulation in the colon.

Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 2015

The gastroprotective activity of ethanol extract of Tridax procumbens leaves was evaluated in rat... more The gastroprotective activity of ethanol extract of Tridax procumbens leaves was evaluated in rats. Luteolin, a flavonoid, was isolated from ethanol extract of T. procumbens by column chromatography. Gastric ulcers were induced by ethanol and indomethacin in rats, and the ulcer index, percent inhibition, gastric content, and total acidity on the gastric lesions were determined. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, and tannins in the ethanol extract. The total flavonoid content was found to be 142.6 ± 6.38 mg•(100 gm) −1 of ethanol extract. The ethanol extract with 400 mg•kg −1 produced dose-dependent inhibition on the ulcer lesion index (9.76 ± 0.06), changes in the gastric volume (4.38 ± 0.89), and pH (4.8 ± 0.88) in ethanol-induced ulcer. The ethanol extract at 400 mg•kg −1 also restored superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase level in rat stomach, and large fibroblast cells in histology that support the protective effects.

Indian journal of pharmacology

Indian journal of pharmacology, 2011

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Pleurotus florida extract cata... more The aim of the present work was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Pleurotus florida extract cataract induced by glucose. Goat eye lenses were divided into four groups. Group I lenses were incubated in artificial aqueous humor with glucose concentration 5.5 mM (normal control). Group II lenses were incubated with glucose concentration 55 mM (toxic control). Group III and IV lenses incubated with glucose concentration 55 mM were incubated along with hydroethanolic extract of P. florida 250 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml and subjected to morphological and biochemical evaluation. Group II lenses showed high amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) soluble and insoluble protein and decreased catalase and glutathione levels, while lenses treated with P. florida extract showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in MDA, increased level of catalase (P < 0.001), glutathione (P < 0.005) and total and soluble protein. Hydroethanolic extract of P. florida showed prevention of in vitro glucose induced catara...

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2014

This study was designed to examine the antihyperglycemic potential of the polysaccharide fraction... more This study was designed to examine the antihyperglycemic potential of the polysaccharide fraction of Pleurotus florida. Hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg intraperitoneal). Single- and multiple-dose studies were performed to assess the antihyperglycemic potential of the P. florida polysaccharides (PFPs). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline 423 was followed to study the acute toxicity of PFP. PFP was found to be nontoxic up to 4000 mg/kg. In this investigation, 200- and 400-mg/kg doses of PFP were used. Blood glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, urine glucose and ketones, and glycosylated hemoglobin were estimated, and biological markers were determined. Treatment with PFP (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly lowered glucose concentrations compared to the control group. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and urine glucose and ketones in animals treated with PFP also decreased. There was a significant decrease in the concentrations of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, whereas concentrations of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione were restored. Therefore, these results suggest that PFPs may ameliorate hyperglycemia and hypercholesteremia associated with diabetes. Thus PFPs could be used as adjunct therapy along with first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Drug Delivery, 2014

Abstract The aim of this research was transdermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using dextran... more Abstract The aim of this research was transdermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using dextran-coated cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) nanoparticulate formulation. CAP nanoparticles were prepared using drug-polymer ratio (1:1 to 1:3) and surfactant ratio (2.5, 5 and 10%). Dextran coating was made using aminodextran. The results showed that the optimized CAP nanoparticles (CNs) and dextran-coated CAP nanoparticles represented core-corona nanoparticles with the mean diameter of 75 ± 3 and 79 ± 2 nm, respectively, and entrapment efficiency was 82.5 ± 0.06 and 78.2 ± 0.12, respectively. Dextran-coated nanoparticles (FDCNs) and CAP nanoparticles (FCNs) showed in vitro 5-FU release upto 31 h and 8 h, respectively. Moreover, the cumulative amount of 5-FU penetrated through excised skin from FDCNs was 2.94 folds than that of the FU cream. Concentration of 5-FU in epidermis and dermis were also studied. In dermis, concentration of 5-FU was found higher in case of FDCN formulation than plain FU cream. FDCNs were found more hemocompatible in comparison to FCNs. The hematological data recommended that FDCNs formulation was less immunogenic compared to FU creams formulation. In blood level study, FDCNs exhibited 153, 12, 16.66 and 16.24-fold higher values for area under the curve, Tmax, Cmax and mean residence time (MRT) compared with those of FU cream, respectively. The in-vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using the MCF-7 by the MTT test and was compared to the plain 5-FU solution. All the detailed evidence showed that FDCNs could provide a promising tuning as a transdermal delivery system of 5-FU.

Drug Delivery, 2014

Abstract Objective of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate the potential of ente... more Abstract Objective of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate the potential of enteric coated dextran microspheres for colon targeting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Dextran microspheres were prepared by emulsification-crosslinking method and the formulation variables studied included different molecular weights of dextran, drug:polymer ratio, volume of crosslinking agent, stirring speed and time. Enteric coating (Eudragit S-100) of dextran microspheres was performed by oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method using different coat:core ratios (4:1 or 8:1). Uncoated and coated dextran microspheres were characterized by particle size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, DSC, in vitro drug release in the presence of dextranase and 2% rat cecal contents. The release study of 5-FU from coated dextran microspheres was pH dependent. No release was observed at acidic pH; however, the drug was released quickly where Eudragit starts solublizing there was continuous release of drug from the microspheres. Organ distribution study was suggested that coated dextran microspheres retard the release of drug in gastric and intestinal pH environment and released of drug from microspheres in colon due to the degradation of dextran by colonic enzymes.

Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2010

The arising awareness about functional food has created a boom in this new millennium. Mushrooms ... more The arising awareness about functional food has created a boom in this new millennium. Mushrooms are widely consumed by the people due to their nutritive and medicinal properties. Belonging to taxonomic category of basidiomycetes or ascomycetes, these mushrooms possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. They are also one of the richest source of anticancer and immunomodulating agents. Thus these novel myochemicals from these mushrooms are the wave of future.

Pharmacognosy Research, 2012

This study was undertaken to study in vitro H +-K + ATPase inhibitory potential of methanolic ext... more This study was undertaken to study in vitro H +-K + ATPase inhibitory potential of methanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents from extract was quantified and H +-K + ATPase inhibition assay was performed in presence of different concentrations of standard (omeprazole) and methanol extract. Results: Extract showed significant (*P < 0.05) proton pump inhibitory activity in the goat gastric mucosal homogenate which was comparable to standard. Conclusions: These findings showed that methanolic extract of C. quadrangularis Linn. is potent inhibitor of proton pump.

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2010

Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. (Solanaceae) commonly known as Yellow Berried Nightshade (s... more Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. (Solanaceae) commonly known as Yellow Berried Nightshade (syn: kantakari), is a prickly diffuse bright green perennial herb, woody at the base, 2-3m height found throughout India, mostly in dry places as a weed on roadsides and waste lands. [3] The fruits are glabrous, globular berries, green and white strips when young but yellow when mature. [4] The fruits are known for several medicinal uses like anthelmintic, antipyretic, laxative, antiinflammatory, antiasthmatic and aphrodisiac activities. [5] The stem, flowers and fruits are prescribed for relief in burning sensation in the feet accompanied by vesicular eruptions. [6] The hot aqueous extract of dried fruits is used for treating cough, fever and heart diseases. [7] The fruit paste is applied externally to the affected area for treating pimples and swellings. [8] The kondh tribes of Dhenkanal district of Orissa, India uses the hot aqueous extract of the matured fruits as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The fruits are reported to contain several steroidal alkaloids like solanacarpine, [9] solanacarpidine, solancarpine, solasonine [7] and solamargine. [10] Other constituents like caffeic acid [10] coumarins like aesculetin and aesculin, [11] steroids carpesterol, diosgenin, campesterol, daucosterol and triterpenes like cycloartanol and cycloartenol were reported from the fruits. [12,13] The antispasmodic, antitumor, cardiotonic, hypotensive, antianaphylactic and cytotoxic activities were also reported. [14-16] In the present communication we report the hypoglycaemic

Journal of Drug Targeting, 2009

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prospective of engineered nanoparticles fo... more The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prospective of engineered nanoparticles for selective delivery of an antituberculosis drug, rifabutin, to alveolar tissues. Drug-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were synthesized and efficiently mannosylated. The formation of uncoated and coated SLNs was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM studies. A variety of physicochemical parameters such as drug loading, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release were determined. The toxicity and targeting potential of the prepared formulation were assessed with alveolar macrophage uptake, hematological studies, and in vivo studies of uncoated and coated SLNs. Ex vivo cellular uptake studies of SLNs formulations in alveolar macrophages depicted almost six times enhanced uptake due to mannose coating. The hematological studies proved mannose-conjugated system to be less immunogenic and suitable for sustained delivery as evaluated against uncoated formulation. Further, the serum level and organ distribution studies demonstrated efficiency of the system for prolonged circulation and spatial delivery of rifabutin to alveolar tissues. Finally, it was concluded that mannose-conjugated SLNs can be exploited for effective and targeted delivery of rifabutin compared to its uncoated formulation and ultimately increasing the therapeutic margin of safety while reducing the side effects.

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 2010

The present study investigates prospective of tailored nanoparticles as vectors to provide improv... more The present study investigates prospective of tailored nanoparticles as vectors to provide improved therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated anti-cancer drug 5-FU. Condritin Sulphate (CS) conjugated PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using PEG-bis-amine and adipic dihydrazide as spacers and loaded with an anti-cancer drug 5-FU (CS-PEG-PLGA-FU and CS-ADH-PLGA-FU). The formulations were then compared with non CS-anchored monomethoxy(polyethylene glycol) (MPEG-PLGA-FU) nanoparticles. Nanoparticlulate systems were further characterized by FTIR, NMR, TEM studies and particle size/polydispersity index (PDI) analysis. DSC and XRD were also performed to assess the nature of 5-FU inside the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles prepared using amphiphilic block copolymer CS-PEG-PLGA were able to sustain the release of 5-FU up to 48 h whereas those of CS-ADH-PLGA and MPEG-PLGA released the drug up to 24 h. The CS-PEG-PLGA-FU nanoparticles were found to be least haemolytic when compared to free drug, CS-ADH-PLGA-FU and MPEG-PLGA-FU nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity studies were performed on MCF-7/MDA-MD 231 breast cancer cells. PLGA nanoparticles exhibited more potent cytotoxic effect on MCF-7/MDA-MD 231 cells than free doxorubicin. Further, enhanced cytotoxicity and lower hemolytic potential of CS-PEG-PLGA-FU nanoparticles suggest a potential application in cancer chemotherapy.

Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012

The present study investigated the insulin sensitivity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activitie... more The present study investigated the insulin sensitivity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities of ethanolic extract ofMirabilis jalapaL. root (EEM) in normal and diabetic mice. After induction of diabetes with streptozotocin, both normal and diabetic mice were singly or repeatedly for 28 days administrated with EEM at doses of 2, 4, 8 g/kg, respectively. Before induction of diabetes, mice were administrated with EEM at doses of 2, 4, 8 g/kg for 14 days and were injected with streptozotocin and continued on EEM administration for another 28 days. Both after and before induction of diabetes, repeated administration with 4, 8 g/kg EEM continually lowered blood glucose level, decreased serum insulin level and improved insulin sensitivity index, and lowered serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and triglyceride content in liver and skeletal muscle, and increased glycogen content in these tissues; but repeated administration had no influence on those indexes of normal mice. Sin...

Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2020

Strengthening of prestressed girder using FRP has rarely been performed because prestressed girde... more Strengthening of prestressed girder using FRP has rarely been performed because prestressed girder has excellent strength under service load in both tension and compression. In this study, retrofitting of a 59-year-old prestressed bridge of Indian railway at Ratlam has been executed in which multiple vertical cracks visualized in tension zone and surface deterioration were observed. Due to this, deterioration speed of the trains over the bridge was restricted up to 20 km/h. The PSC girders of the bridge were strengthened by using prestressed carbon fiber. Serviceability of the structure was monitored before strengthening and after strengthening of the bridge girder. Deflections and natural frequencies after strengthening of girder were monitored for 481 days to ascertain the improvement and consistency in behavior of girder. After strengthening, the considerable decrement in deflection was noted by dint of the speed limit of the train which is recommended to increase up to 100 km/h.

Advance Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2016

This work was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of Pleurotus ... more This work was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of Pleurotus ostreatus cv. Florida. Mushroom basidiocarps were extracted in water:ethanol (1:1, v/v), and the resulting extract was subjected to antimicrobial studies against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans. Cytotoxic potential on viable human leukocytes was studied. In vitro results showed excellent antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials of the mushroom extract. Thus, functional properties of P. ostreatus cv. Florida could be used in the search for novel therapeutics.

International journal of biological macromolecules, 2016

Aim of this research was to prepare hyaluronic acid-modified-cellulose acetate phthalate (HAC) co... more Aim of this research was to prepare hyaluronic acid-modified-cellulose acetate phthalate (HAC) core shell nanoparticles (NPs) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). HAC copolymer was synthesized and confirmed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. HAC NPs with 5-FU were prepared using HAC copolymer and compared with 5-FU loaded cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) NPs. NPs were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro release, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). HAC NPs were found slower release (97.30% in 48h) than (99.25% in 8h) CAP NPs. In cytotoxicity studies, showed great cytotoxic potential of 5-FU loaded HAC NPs in A549, MDA-MD-435 and SK-OV-3 cancer cellline. HAC NPs showing least hemolytic than CAP NPs and 5-FU. Area under curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), mean residence time (MRT) and time to reach max...

Indian Journal of Pharmacology

ABSTRACT

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2015

Enteric-coated epichlorohydrin crosslinked dextran microspheres containing 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) ... more Enteric-coated epichlorohydrin crosslinked dextran microspheres containing 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) for colon drug delivery was prepared by emulsification-crosslinking method. The formulation variables studied includes different molecular weights of dextran, volume of crosslinking agent, stirring speed, time and temperature. Dextran microspheres showed mean entrapment efficiencies ranging between 77 and 87% and mean particle size ranging between 10 and 25 µm. About 90% of drug was released from uncoated dextran microspheres within 8 h, suggesting the fast release and indicated the drug loaded in uncoated microspheres, released before they reached colon. Enteric coating (Eudragit-S-100 and Eudragit-L-100) of dextran microspheres was performed by oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method. The release study of 5-FU from coated dextran microspheres was complete retardation in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and once the coating layer of enteric polymer was dissolved at higher pH (7.4 and 6.8), a controlled release of the drug from the microspheres was observed. Further, the release of drug was found to be higher in the presence of dextranase and rat caecal contents, indicating the susceptibility of dextran microspheres to colonic enzymes. Organ distribution and pharmacokinetic study in albino rats was performed to establish the targeting potential of optimized formulation in the colon.

Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 2015

The gastroprotective activity of ethanol extract of Tridax procumbens leaves was evaluated in rat... more The gastroprotective activity of ethanol extract of Tridax procumbens leaves was evaluated in rats. Luteolin, a flavonoid, was isolated from ethanol extract of T. procumbens by column chromatography. Gastric ulcers were induced by ethanol and indomethacin in rats, and the ulcer index, percent inhibition, gastric content, and total acidity on the gastric lesions were determined. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, and tannins in the ethanol extract. The total flavonoid content was found to be 142.6 ± 6.38 mg•(100 gm) −1 of ethanol extract. The ethanol extract with 400 mg•kg −1 produced dose-dependent inhibition on the ulcer lesion index (9.76 ± 0.06), changes in the gastric volume (4.38 ± 0.89), and pH (4.8 ± 0.88) in ethanol-induced ulcer. The ethanol extract at 400 mg•kg −1 also restored superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase level in rat stomach, and large fibroblast cells in histology that support the protective effects.

Indian journal of pharmacology

Indian journal of pharmacology, 2011

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Pleurotus florida extract cata... more The aim of the present work was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Pleurotus florida extract cataract induced by glucose. Goat eye lenses were divided into four groups. Group I lenses were incubated in artificial aqueous humor with glucose concentration 5.5 mM (normal control). Group II lenses were incubated with glucose concentration 55 mM (toxic control). Group III and IV lenses incubated with glucose concentration 55 mM were incubated along with hydroethanolic extract of P. florida 250 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml and subjected to morphological and biochemical evaluation. Group II lenses showed high amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) soluble and insoluble protein and decreased catalase and glutathione levels, while lenses treated with P. florida extract showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in MDA, increased level of catalase (P < 0.001), glutathione (P < 0.005) and total and soluble protein. Hydroethanolic extract of P. florida showed prevention of in vitro glucose induced catara...

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2014

This study was designed to examine the antihyperglycemic potential of the polysaccharide fraction... more This study was designed to examine the antihyperglycemic potential of the polysaccharide fraction of Pleurotus florida. Hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg intraperitoneal). Single- and multiple-dose studies were performed to assess the antihyperglycemic potential of the P. florida polysaccharides (PFPs). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline 423 was followed to study the acute toxicity of PFP. PFP was found to be nontoxic up to 4000 mg/kg. In this investigation, 200- and 400-mg/kg doses of PFP were used. Blood glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, urine glucose and ketones, and glycosylated hemoglobin were estimated, and biological markers were determined. Treatment with PFP (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly lowered glucose concentrations compared to the control group. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and urine glucose and ketones in animals treated with PFP also decreased. There was a significant decrease in the concentrations of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, whereas concentrations of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione were restored. Therefore, these results suggest that PFPs may ameliorate hyperglycemia and hypercholesteremia associated with diabetes. Thus PFPs could be used as adjunct therapy along with first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Drug Delivery, 2014

Abstract The aim of this research was transdermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using dextran... more Abstract The aim of this research was transdermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using dextran-coated cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) nanoparticulate formulation. CAP nanoparticles were prepared using drug-polymer ratio (1:1 to 1:3) and surfactant ratio (2.5, 5 and 10%). Dextran coating was made using aminodextran. The results showed that the optimized CAP nanoparticles (CNs) and dextran-coated CAP nanoparticles represented core-corona nanoparticles with the mean diameter of 75 ± 3 and 79 ± 2 nm, respectively, and entrapment efficiency was 82.5 ± 0.06 and 78.2 ± 0.12, respectively. Dextran-coated nanoparticles (FDCNs) and CAP nanoparticles (FCNs) showed in vitro 5-FU release upto 31 h and 8 h, respectively. Moreover, the cumulative amount of 5-FU penetrated through excised skin from FDCNs was 2.94 folds than that of the FU cream. Concentration of 5-FU in epidermis and dermis were also studied. In dermis, concentration of 5-FU was found higher in case of FDCN formulation than plain FU cream. FDCNs were found more hemocompatible in comparison to FCNs. The hematological data recommended that FDCNs formulation was less immunogenic compared to FU creams formulation. In blood level study, FDCNs exhibited 153, 12, 16.66 and 16.24-fold higher values for area under the curve, Tmax, Cmax and mean residence time (MRT) compared with those of FU cream, respectively. The in-vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using the MCF-7 by the MTT test and was compared to the plain 5-FU solution. All the detailed evidence showed that FDCNs could provide a promising tuning as a transdermal delivery system of 5-FU.

Drug Delivery, 2014

Abstract Objective of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate the potential of ente... more Abstract Objective of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate the potential of enteric coated dextran microspheres for colon targeting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Dextran microspheres were prepared by emulsification-crosslinking method and the formulation variables studied included different molecular weights of dextran, drug:polymer ratio, volume of crosslinking agent, stirring speed and time. Enteric coating (Eudragit S-100) of dextran microspheres was performed by oil-in-oil solvent evaporation method using different coat:core ratios (4:1 or 8:1). Uncoated and coated dextran microspheres were characterized by particle size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, DSC, in vitro drug release in the presence of dextranase and 2% rat cecal contents. The release study of 5-FU from coated dextran microspheres was pH dependent. No release was observed at acidic pH; however, the drug was released quickly where Eudragit starts solublizing there was continuous release of drug from the microspheres. Organ distribution study was suggested that coated dextran microspheres retard the release of drug in gastric and intestinal pH environment and released of drug from microspheres in colon due to the degradation of dextran by colonic enzymes.

Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2010

The arising awareness about functional food has created a boom in this new millennium. Mushrooms ... more The arising awareness about functional food has created a boom in this new millennium. Mushrooms are widely consumed by the people due to their nutritive and medicinal properties. Belonging to taxonomic category of basidiomycetes or ascomycetes, these mushrooms possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. They are also one of the richest source of anticancer and immunomodulating agents. Thus these novel myochemicals from these mushrooms are the wave of future.

Pharmacognosy Research, 2012

This study was undertaken to study in vitro H +-K + ATPase inhibitory potential of methanolic ext... more This study was undertaken to study in vitro H +-K + ATPase inhibitory potential of methanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents from extract was quantified and H +-K + ATPase inhibition assay was performed in presence of different concentrations of standard (omeprazole) and methanol extract. Results: Extract showed significant (*P < 0.05) proton pump inhibitory activity in the goat gastric mucosal homogenate which was comparable to standard. Conclusions: These findings showed that methanolic extract of C. quadrangularis Linn. is potent inhibitor of proton pump.

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2010

Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. (Solanaceae) commonly known as Yellow Berried Nightshade (s... more Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. (Solanaceae) commonly known as Yellow Berried Nightshade (syn: kantakari), is a prickly diffuse bright green perennial herb, woody at the base, 2-3m height found throughout India, mostly in dry places as a weed on roadsides and waste lands. [3] The fruits are glabrous, globular berries, green and white strips when young but yellow when mature. [4] The fruits are known for several medicinal uses like anthelmintic, antipyretic, laxative, antiinflammatory, antiasthmatic and aphrodisiac activities. [5] The stem, flowers and fruits are prescribed for relief in burning sensation in the feet accompanied by vesicular eruptions. [6] The hot aqueous extract of dried fruits is used for treating cough, fever and heart diseases. [7] The fruit paste is applied externally to the affected area for treating pimples and swellings. [8] The kondh tribes of Dhenkanal district of Orissa, India uses the hot aqueous extract of the matured fruits as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The fruits are reported to contain several steroidal alkaloids like solanacarpine, [9] solanacarpidine, solancarpine, solasonine [7] and solamargine. [10] Other constituents like caffeic acid [10] coumarins like aesculetin and aesculin, [11] steroids carpesterol, diosgenin, campesterol, daucosterol and triterpenes like cycloartanol and cycloartenol were reported from the fruits. [12,13] The antispasmodic, antitumor, cardiotonic, hypotensive, antianaphylactic and cytotoxic activities were also reported. [14-16] In the present communication we report the hypoglycaemic

Journal of Drug Targeting, 2009

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prospective of engineered nanoparticles fo... more The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prospective of engineered nanoparticles for selective delivery of an antituberculosis drug, rifabutin, to alveolar tissues. Drug-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were synthesized and efficiently mannosylated. The formation of uncoated and coated SLNs was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM studies. A variety of physicochemical parameters such as drug loading, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release were determined. The toxicity and targeting potential of the prepared formulation were assessed with alveolar macrophage uptake, hematological studies, and in vivo studies of uncoated and coated SLNs. Ex vivo cellular uptake studies of SLNs formulations in alveolar macrophages depicted almost six times enhanced uptake due to mannose coating. The hematological studies proved mannose-conjugated system to be less immunogenic and suitable for sustained delivery as evaluated against uncoated formulation. Further, the serum level and organ distribution studies demonstrated efficiency of the system for prolonged circulation and spatial delivery of rifabutin to alveolar tissues. Finally, it was concluded that mannose-conjugated SLNs can be exploited for effective and targeted delivery of rifabutin compared to its uncoated formulation and ultimately increasing the therapeutic margin of safety while reducing the side effects.

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, 2010

The present study investigates prospective of tailored nanoparticles as vectors to provide improv... more The present study investigates prospective of tailored nanoparticles as vectors to provide improved therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated anti-cancer drug 5-FU. Condritin Sulphate (CS) conjugated PLGA nanoparticles were prepared using PEG-bis-amine and adipic dihydrazide as spacers and loaded with an anti-cancer drug 5-FU (CS-PEG-PLGA-FU and CS-ADH-PLGA-FU). The formulations were then compared with non CS-anchored monomethoxy(polyethylene glycol) (MPEG-PLGA-FU) nanoparticles. Nanoparticlulate systems were further characterized by FTIR, NMR, TEM studies and particle size/polydispersity index (PDI) analysis. DSC and XRD were also performed to assess the nature of 5-FU inside the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles prepared using amphiphilic block copolymer CS-PEG-PLGA were able to sustain the release of 5-FU up to 48 h whereas those of CS-ADH-PLGA and MPEG-PLGA released the drug up to 24 h. The CS-PEG-PLGA-FU nanoparticles were found to be least haemolytic when compared to free drug, CS-ADH-PLGA-FU and MPEG-PLGA-FU nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity studies were performed on MCF-7/MDA-MD 231 breast cancer cells. PLGA nanoparticles exhibited more potent cytotoxic effect on MCF-7/MDA-MD 231 cells than free doxorubicin. Further, enhanced cytotoxicity and lower hemolytic potential of CS-PEG-PLGA-FU nanoparticles suggest a potential application in cancer chemotherapy.

Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2012