Grażyna Kowalska - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Grażyna Kowalska

Molecules

Commercialized mouthwashes are generally expensive for the most financially vulnerable population... more Commercialized mouthwashes are generally expensive for the most financially vulnerable populations. Thus, several studies evaluate the antimicrobial potential of herbal products, such as essential oils, to reduce the activity of microorganisms in the mouth. The objective of this research was to carry out the chemical characterization and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Piper mosenii (EOPm), providing data that enable the development of a low-cost mouthwash formulation aimed at vulnerable communities. The analysis of the antibacterial potential and modulator of bacterial resistance was verified by the microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration-MIC. The chemical components were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, where 23 chemical constituents were detected, with α-pinene, being the major compound. The EOPm showed a MIC ≥ 1024 µg/mL for all bacterial strains used in the tests. When the EOPm modulating activity wa...

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2017

Abstract The purpose of the study was to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil (E... more Abstract The purpose of the study was to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained from the Tilia cordata flowers from collected (“W”) and two commercially available products (“F” and “K”). Hydro-distillation of essential oils was carried out according to the Polish Pharmacopoeia VIII. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oil was carried out by GC/MS and GC/FID. The content of essential oils in the analyzed samples was 0.07 % v/w for “K” and 0.08 % v/w for “F” and “W”. In the essential oil obtained from commercial sample “F”, 71 compounds was detected, while in the EO hydro-distilled from sample “K” and “W”, 50 and 49 compounds were identified, respectively. GC/MS analysis showed that aliphatic hydrocarbons are the main fraction occurring in the analyzed essential oils. The dominant components present in all EOs included: 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (11-20 %), tricosane (6-17 %), heneicosane (3-9 %), nonanal (7 %), octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (7 %). Among terpenoids, linalool (4 %), menthone (3 %), borneol (2 %), menthol (3 %), terpinen-4-ol (1 %), p-cymene-8-ol (2 %), carvone (6 %), E-anethole (8 %), thymol (3 %) of E-β-damascenone (4 %), methyl eugenol (4 %), neryl acetone (4 %), δ-amorphene (2 %), lilial (2 %), caryophyllene oxide (1 %), humulene epoxide II (1 %), epi-α-muurolol (1 %), kaurene (4 %) were identified.

Applied Sciences, 2022

Over the span of the last decade, certain pesticides have been banned in apple tree and citrus tr... more Over the span of the last decade, certain pesticides have been banned in apple tree and citrus tree cultivations. Hence, it is important to conduct research focused on estimating the occurrence of residues of pesticides from the perspective of compliance with the relevant legislative regulations. Equally important is to estimate the reduction in pesticide residues through simple procedures such as washing and peeling. This research was conducted in the years 2012 and 2020. An assessment was made of the effect of in-house processing, such as conventional washing with tap water and peeling, on the level of pesticide residues in apples and citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruits and lemons). The level of pesticide residue was determined with the use of the QuEChERS method of extraction in conjunction with LC-MS/MS analysis. One can clearly observe a smaller number of pesticides identified in the edible parts of fruits in 2020 (seven pesticides in apples and three in citrus fruits) compared...

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2021

Abstract Anthocyanins can be used as natural pigments and health-promoting components. The extrac... more Abstract Anthocyanins can be used as natural pigments and health-promoting components. The extraction methods of obtaining those phytocompounds are of particular interest. Therefore, the objective of the presented study was to evaluate the possibility of using water-glycerol systems for the acquisition of anthocyanin extracts from fruits of black chokeberry and from elderberry fruits. Glycerol is characterised by a lower polarity compared to water, due to which its presence enhances the efficiency of extraction of anthocyanins from the plant material. It was demonstrated that the highest concentration of anthocyanins was obtained for a water-glycerol system with 50 % glycerol concentration, at extraction temperatures of 20°C and 50°C. The extraction system with 65 % glycerol content was optimal in the case of extraction conducted at temperature of 80°C. The study showed that glycerol can be an alternative solvent in the extraction of anthocyanins, replacing e.g. ethanol which for various reasons cannot always be used in food products, due to e.g. age or health-related limitations.

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Folia Horticulturae, 2003

Annales Horticulturae, 2020

Pestycydy, stosowane powszechnie w rolnictwie w celu zapewnienia wysokiej jakości plonu, a także ... more Pestycydy, stosowane powszechnie w rolnictwie w celu zapewnienia wysokiej jakości plonu, a także po to, by ograniczyć straty związane z występowaniem szkodników oraz chwastów na plantacjach uprawnych, miały służyć człowiekowi. Jednak, mimo niewątpliwych zalet tych związków, stosowanie ich przez dłuższy czas wiąże się z dużymi kosztami, ponieważ prowadzi do kumulacji pestycydów we wszystkich elementach środowiska – glebie, powietrzu, wodach powierzchniowych i gruntowych, co stanowi poważne zagrożenie dla organizmów niebędących przedmiotem zwalczania, czyli pożytecznych mikroorganizmów glebowych, owadów, ptaków, ryb, ssaków, roślin, a także dla człowieka. Pestycydy obecne w ludzkim organizmie powodują zmiany mutagenne, teratogenne i nowotworowe. Zaburzają gospodarkę hormonalną i enzymatyczną organizmu, są przyczyną chorób układu oddechowego, trawiennego, limfatycznego, jak również chorób skórnych. Substancje te charakteryzują się także działaniem embriotoksycznym i mogą powodować upoś...

Wpływ temperatury dojrzewania na mikroflorę serów podpuszczkowych przygotowywanych z niepasteryzo... more Wpływ temperatury dojrzewania na mikroflorę serów podpuszczkowych przygotowywanych z niepasteryzowanego mleka krowiego……………………………………………………….

Zywnosc Nauka Technologia Jakosc/Food Science Technology Quality, 2020

Procesy przygotowania naparów roślinnych mogą być modyfikowane w celu otrzymania napojów charakte... more Procesy przygotowania naparów roślinnych mogą być modyfikowane w celu otrzymania napojów charakteryzujących się bogatszym składem chemicznym i bardziej pożądanymi cechami sensorycznymi. Interesujące jest zastosowanie ultradźwięków w procesie otrzymywania naparów z różnych materiałów pochodzenia roślinnego. Celem podjętych badań była ocena wpływu sposobu przygotowania naparu na stężenie polifenoli i kofeiny. Napary z mięty pieprzowej, rumianku pospolitego oraz kawy otrzymano przy zmiennych parametrach czasowych, temperaturowych oraz poprzez parzenie tradycyjne i ze wspomaganiem ultradźwiękami. Wykazano, że czas trwania procesu parzenia oraz temperatura wody, jak też zastosowanie sonikacji wpływały na stężenie substancji czynnych w gotowych naparach. Dowiedziono, że zastosowanie sonikacji wpłynęło istotnie na zwiększenie stężenia polifenoli (o 7 ÷ 54 %) i kofeiny (o 3 ÷ 20 %) w otrzymanych naparach. Wspomaganie procesu parzenia sonikacją pozwoliło na uzyskanie wartościowych naparów za...

EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL, 2021

Purpose: The study aims to supplement and specify the methodological assumptions to improve the c... more Purpose: The study aims to supplement and specify the methodological assumptions to improve the comprehensiveness of research on the issues raised. Design/Methodology/Approach: The configuration and scope of the methodological requirements of the research process were based on the available literature, statistical data, calculations and interviews with the staff of the Lublin airport, major entities in the region, and empirical research and assessments carried out periodically by scientists and local administration. Findings: The implementation of the assumed goal requires verification of the methodology of conducting the research's discussed scope. Contemporary market conditions require a departure from fragmentary research towards a comprehensive assessment of the issues raised. In such a research model, the results of empirical research and interviews with representatives conducting a given activity and scientific authorities are of particular importance. Practical Implications: The reliability and universality of research become an absolute requirement of the moment and a decisive attribute of the effectiveness level of analyses and assessments. The research methodology presented in the study, due to its universality, can be used in the study of the discussed relationship in each region, relating to any entity of transport activity. Originality/Value: The presented research methodology on the issues raised enables comprehensive research, both based on theoretical and pragmatic assumptions. It extends the scope of its use as a simplified method of determining the desired results.

Open Chemistry, 2021

The objective of this study was the estimation of the content of 13 mycotoxins (diacetoxyscirpeno... more The objective of this study was the estimation of the content of 13 mycotoxins (diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarenone X, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone) in various products from the eastern part of Poland. The content of mycotoxins in the analysed samples was assayed using the extraction method combined with HPLC-MS/MS analysis. We found mycotoxins in 25 of the 92 samples tested (27%). Contamination with mycotoxins was noted most frequently in samples of cereals – 56% – and also in samples of flour and cocoa, in which a content of mycotoxins was noted in 24 and 16% of the samples, respectively. The most frequently identified were the following – deoxynivalenol detected in 18 samples (72%), zearalenone detected in eight samples (32%), toxin HT-2 detected in four samples (16%), ochratoxin A identified in three samples (12%), and toxin T-2 detected in one sample (4%...

Molecules, 2021

Purpose: Alternative methods for the use of animals in research have gained increasing importance... more Purpose: Alternative methods for the use of animals in research have gained increasing importance, due to assessments evaluating the real need for their use and the development of legislation that regulates the subject. The principle of the 3R’s (replacement, reduction and refinement) has been an important reference, such that in vitro, ex vivo and cord replacement methods have achieved a prominent place in research. Methods: Therefore, due to successful results from studies developed with these methods, the present study aimed to evaluate the myorelaxant effect of the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil (EODa) using a Sus scrofa domesticus coronary artery model, and the toxicity of both the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil and its major constituent, α-terpinene, against Drosophila melanogaster in toxicity and negative geotaxis assays. Results: The EODa relaxed the smooth muscle of swine coronary arteries precontracted with K+ and 5-HT in assays using Sus scrofa domesticus coro...

Antioxidants, 2021

Current trends in the industry indicate that extraction solvents should conform with the ideals o... more Current trends in the industry indicate that extraction solvents should conform with the ideals of so-called “green chemistry”. Therefore, the objective of the presented study was to optimize the conditions for the extraction of polyphenols, flavonoids and chlorophyll from peppermint leaves (Mentha × piperita L., Lamiaceae) and from common nettle leaves (Urtica dioica L., Urticaceae) via green chemistry. The obtained experimental results were subjected to modelling by means of the multiple regression method, while the optimization of the system was addressed via the application of the desirability function. As a result of the use of glycerol–water systems for the extraction of the tested active compounds from mint leaves and nettle leaves, extracts with higher concentrations of polyphenols, flavonoids and chlorophyll were most often obtained, when compared with the use of classical solvents such as water and ethanol. In this work, we demonstrate that the extraction temperature has s...

Agriculture, 2020

The purpose of this work was to compare the content of pesticide residues (250) in unprocessed pl... more The purpose of this work was to compare the content of pesticide residues (250) in unprocessed plant products from farms situated in the eastern part of Poland. The content of pesticide residues in the analysed samples was assayed with the use of the QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) method combined with HPLC-MS/MS (high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) analysis. The analyses revealed that among 160 analysed samples, pesticide residues were detected in 83 samples (approximately 52%), while in 77 samples (approximately 48%), no presence of those substances was noted. In all the samples in which the presence of the sought compounds was identified, their levels did not exceed the Maximum Residue Levels (MRL). The most often identified ones were azoxystrobin—detected in 36 samples (22.5%), linuron—assayed in 33 samples (20.6%), chlorpyrifos and carbendazim—each detected in 13 samples (8.1%), metalaxyl and metalaxyl M—in 11 samples (6.9%), ...

$Research paper thumbnail of Effect of rapeseed oil aromatisation with marjoram on the content of volatile fraction and antioxidant properties$

Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2019

The aim of the paper was to study how the process of aromatisation with marjoram affected the com... more The aim of the paper was to study how the process of aromatisation with marjoram affected the composition of volatile fraction and antioxidant properties of rapeseed oil. Different methods of aromatisation were used: direct addition of marjoram essential oil, classical macerations of marjoram herb, and maceration assisted with ultrasound or microwave. The dominant aromatic component in the volatile fraction was γ-terpinene with concentration in the range from 3.15 μg/mL (microwave assisted maceration) to 8.82 μg/mL (classic maceration with shaking). The content of this compound in the mixture of rapeseed oil with essential oil was 152.09 μg/mL. The sample aromatized by the direct addition of essential oil contained the highest amount of volatile substances but simultaneously it had the lowest antioxidant activity.

Ciência Rural, 2019

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to evaluate sensory and phytochemical (polyphenols, flavonoids... more ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to evaluate sensory and phytochemical (polyphenols, flavonoids and caffeine) estimation of black and green tea brews obtained in an alternative way through brewing with the assistance of ultrasound. Brews produced with the application of sonication for 2 minutes and 1 minute were the most preferred by the sensory evaluation team. Evaluation of the brews in terms of component descriptors, i.e. fragrance, flavour and colour, was varied and depended on the kinds of tea and on the applied experimental factors. It was demonstrated that ultrasound have a significant effect on the extraction of active substances, i.e. polyphenols, flavonoids and caffeine, from black and green tea. The application of sonication caused a significant increase in the concentration of flavonoids (by ca. 29% and 73%), polyphenols (by ca. 34% and 41%) and caffeine (by ca. 51% and 60%) in the tea brews.

PLOS ONE, 2015

the composition of the dietary supplements showed that they contain on average significantly lowe... more the composition of the dietary supplements showed that they contain on average significantly lower amounts of plant material compared to the herbal teas.

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2015

The objective of the study was the estimation of the ultrasound-assisted preliminary maceration e... more The objective of the study was the estimation of the ultrasound-assisted preliminary maceration effect on the efficiency of essential oil distillation and on its qualitative and quantitative composition. The experiment included analyses on three herbal materials, i.e. peppermint leaves (Mentha piperita L.), marjoram herb (Origanum majorana L.), and chamomile flowers (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert). The study showed that the application of preliminary water maceration of raw material, augmented with ultrasounds, had a statistically significant increasing effect on the amount of oil distilled, in the case of mint leaf from 1.32% to 1.46% v/w, and in the case of marjoram herb from 1.13% to 1.27% v/w. In the case of chamomile flowers no significant effect of ultrasound on the amount of oil obtained was observed. Generally, comparing the composition of essential oils obtained in the experiments with the requirements of the relevant standards no unfavourable effect of the distillation augmenting techniques applied was noted. Therefore, it should be expected that the studied distillates of volatile fractions will have the desired biological activity.

Eighteen honeys collected from various botanical and geographical sources in Tlemcen Province (no... more Eighteen honeys collected from various botanical and geographical sources in Tlemcen Province (north-western Algeria) were studied to determine the presence of the following fifteen trace elements and heavy metals: K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, V, Cr, Co, As, Cd, Pb and W. Element determination was performed by inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS), after digestion, by concentrated nitric acid using microwave mineralizer. The most abundant minerals were K, Ca, Mg and Na ranging within 153-989 mg/kg, 33.1-377 mg/kg, 69.1-162 mg/kg and 13.3-146 mg/kg, respectively. Fe was the most abundant heavy metal followed by Mn, Zn and Cu while Cr, Co, V, W, As, Cd and Pb were the lowest trace elements detected at level < 1 mg/kg in the honey samples surveyed. The variation in the mineral content in the honey samples studied is probably due to geochemical and geographical differences. Multivariate methods were used in order to classify honey samples according to their mineral c...