Gustavo Pradilla - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Gustavo Pradilla
Revista De La Universidad Industrial De Santander Salud, Aug 1, 2010
... También, dada la frecuencia de casos de SGB en nuestras instituciones hospitalarias contempla... more ... También, dada la frecuencia de casos de SGB en nuestras instituciones hospitalarias contemplar en su diagnóstico diferencial la rabia en su forma paralítica e insistir en los antecedentes de mordedura por murciélagos u otros animales así haya sido meses o incluso años ...
Revista De La Universidad Industrial De Santander Salud, Apr 1, 2012
Rev Univ Ind Santander Salud, Aug 1, 2010
... También, dada la frecuencia de casos de SGB en nuestras instituciones hospitalarias contempla... more ... También, dada la frecuencia de casos de SGB en nuestras instituciones hospitalarias contemplar en su diagnóstico diferencial la rabia en su forma paralítica e insistir en los antecedentes de mordedura por murciélagos u otros animales así haya sido meses o incluso años ...
Translational stroke research, Jan 16, 2015
Intracranial aneurysms are defined as pathological dilatations of cerebral arteries and rupture o... more Intracranial aneurysms are defined as pathological dilatations of cerebral arteries and rupture of intracranial aneurysms leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The goal of this review was to outline the sex differences in the formation and progression of intracranial aneurysms as well as sex-related differences in incidence and outcome of SAH. The literature review was performed using PubMed with a combination of these search terms: "subarachnoid hemorrhage," "incidence," "outcome," "sex," "gender," "male," "female," "experimental," "mice," and "rats." Studies written in English were used. Female sex is thought to be a risk factor for aneurysm formation, especially in postmenopausal age populations, suggesting the potential protective involvement of sex steroids. Female sex is also considered a risk factor for SAH occurrence. Although incidence and mortality are confirmed to be high...
Salud UIS
Introduction: Rabies is fatal zoonoses caused by an RNA virus of the gender Lyssavirus, it is tra... more Introduction: Rabies is fatal zoonoses caused by an RNA virus of the gender Lyssavirus, it is transmitted to humans through the saliva of infected animal bite, contamination of an open wound, scratch, abrasion or laceration of a mucous membrane or infected nervous tissue. It has been found further transmission to humans by inhalation of rabies virus present in aerosol suspended in the air of caves where bats live in large numbers, as well as in laboratory accidents and by transplanting organs infected with the virus. This penetrates from the injury to the nerve endings and by retrograde axonal transport enters to the Central Nervous System whose commitment explains the clinical manifestations in its encephalitic and paralytic forms, the latter of which is characterized by loss of force initiated in the bitten limb and spread to the other limns as a flaccid paralysis, resembling a Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS). Objective: To present a case of a patient female, resident from a urban a...
Biomédica: revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud
Human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of Colombia A case of rabies enc... more Human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of Colombia A case of rabies encephalitis is presented in a teenaged male, which developed four months after a bat bite in the urban area of Floridablanca, Santander Province, Colombia. The complex clinical manifestations prevented the confirmation of an antemortem diagnosis, principally because of the lengthy incubation period and the absence of other similar urban cases. Despite application of several therapies, including the Milwaukee protocol, the patient died 19 days after hospital admission. The autopsy revealed a necrotic, acute, pan-encephalitis of rabies virus etiology. The test of direct immunofluorescence in brain tissue was positive, as well as the biologic test in mice. Serological tests indicated it to be an antigenic variant type 3, whose main reservoir is the hematophagous vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus. This is probably the first case of bat-induced rabies reported in an urban community of Colombia and one of the few in Latin America. Although rabies encephalitis by a bat bite is rare, the case serves as a notice to health authorities and to the medical community to be alert to this risk.
Salud UIS
Introduction: to describe three fatal cases of tuberculous meningitis and to establish clinical p... more Introduction: to describe three fatal cases of tuberculous meningitis and to establish clinical pathological correlation. Materials and methods: Revision of autopsy protocols between 01 january and june 30 of 2010 in the Department of Pathology of the Industrial University of Santander (UIS). Between 121 protocols of autopsies were 3 cases of tuberculous meningitis, of which clinical histories, histopathological slides and photographies were rewieved. Results: three cases of adults with age average of 39 years, without inmunosupresión with tuberculous meningitis. The clinical manifestations were migraine, vomit, fever, disartria, commitment of cranial nerves, motor alterations and disorders of consciousness. Conclusions: the tuberculous meningitis is the most serious form of the disease, with fatal course in nondiagnosed cases. The low index of suspicion and the similarity with other infections of the central nervous system, do not allow early diagnostic and nor opportune treatment....
Acta médica colombiana: AMC: organo de la Asociación Columbiana de Medicina Interna
Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria
Introduction: Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a clinical entity characterized by a triad of clin... more Introduction: Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a clinical entity characterized by a triad of clinical signs including gait abnormalities, cognitive disorders and sphincter dysfunction. It parallels an increased cerebrospinal fl uid pressure, hydrocephalus and brain cortical atrophy. No detectable cause is a must. Methods and results: Case report. This is a Colombian male patient, 26 years-old, who had the clinical fi ndings commented above starting three years before our evaluation. He also presented notorious extrapyramidal involvement, mostly focal dystonia including pleorotonus. Besides this, mood lability, memory disorders, personality changes turning from introverted to compulsive, sleep disorders, isolation and fearlessness were also present. Initially, depression was diagnosed and then paranoid schizophrenia was considered. Olanzapine was given with no benefi ts on his neuropsychiatric disorder. Some of these signs and symptoms improved after a lumbar puncture which had a nor...
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2015
The orbitozygomatic craniotomy is a fundamental procedure in neurosurgery, allowing access to orb... more The orbitozygomatic craniotomy is a fundamental procedure in neurosurgery, allowing access to orbital and skull base pathology. Determine the feasibility of using an ultrasonic osteotome to safely perform orbitozygomatic osteotomies in patients with intracranial pathology. The medical records of patients undergoing orbitozygomatic craniotomy using an ultrasonic osteotome (Aesculap BoneScalpel™) for tumor resection at Johns Hopkins Hospital between November 2009 and March 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Six patients underwent orbitozygomatic craniotomy for tumor resection using an ultrasonic osteotome at the Johns Hopkins Hospital during the study period. All patients were female and the average age was 53.2 years. Patients were followed for an average of 375 days. There were two cases of transient diplopia. There were no cases of periorbital violation, orbital injury, enophthalmos, or orbital hematoma. Post-operative imaging showed the cuts were well opposed and no cosmetic issues were encountered. Use of an ultrasonic osteotome allows for precise cuts under direct visualization with minimal risk to critical adjacent structures in our cohort of patients undergoing a two-piece orbitozygomatic craniotomy. This appears to be a safe instrument for osteotomy creation in skull base approaches.
Biomédica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2009
Human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of Colombia A case of rabies enc... more Human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of Colombia A case of rabies encephalitis is presented in a teenaged male, which developed four months after a bat bite in the urban area of Floridablanca, Santander Province, Colombia. The complex clinical manifestations prevented the confirmation of an antemortem diagnosis, principally because of the lengthy incubation period and the absence of other similar urban cases. Despite application of several therapies, including the Milwaukee protocol, the patient died 19 days after hospital admission. The autopsy revealed a necrotic, acute, pan-encephalitis of rabies virus etiology. The test of direct immunofluorescence in brain tissue was positive, as well as the biologic test in mice. Serological tests indicated it to be an antigenic variant type 3, whose main reservoir is the hematophagous vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus. This is probably the first case of bat-induced rabies reported in an urban community of Colombia and...
Revista de neurologia
Central nervous system cryptococcosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunoc... more Central nervous system cryptococcosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients; nevertheless, its presentation in immuno-spared patients is extremely rare, giving rise to a hole different spectrum, since it is manifested like granulomatous masses named cryptococomas. AIM. To describe an intracerebral case of cryptococcoma in an immuno-spared woman in the Hospital Universitario de Santander and to discuss the most relevant topics of this pathology. A 24 years-old woman, coming to the service presenting generalized tonic-clonic seizure, fixed upward gaze, sialorrhea and lost, without any data suggesting immunosupression. The computarized tomography of skull demonstrates a mass of possible inflammatory vs. noeplasmic origin. After performing imaging the patient is taken to surgery for craniotomy with excisional biopsy. By means of hystological analysis the diagnosis of cerebral criptococcoma is made, and antimycotic therapy is started, with favorab...
Revista de neurologia
To determine the presence of eight neurological disorders (migraine, cerebrovascular disease, dis... more To determine the presence of eight neurological disorders (migraine, cerebrovascular disease, disorders of movement, peripheral neuropathy, mental retardation, epilepsy, dementia and the sequelas of head injuries) in the eastern region of Colombia. Using the neuro epidemiological protocol of the World Health Organization (WHO), modified by our group, together with a questionnaire to determine the sequelas of head injuries and the abbreviated mental test (Mini mental), we interviewed people in the municipalities of Bucaramanga, Piedecuesta and Aratoca. The persons suspected of having neurological disorders, who were over 12 years old, were evaluated by neurologists and those under 12 years old by a neuropaediatrician. In the eastern region, 1,454 persons altogether were interviewed. Neurological conditions were suspected in 454 of these (31.2%), and confirmed in 437 (30.1%). The specific results for these neurological disorders and their respective confidence intervals (in brackets) ...
Revista médica de Chile, 2002
Current health statistics on the prevalence of neurological diseases, in Colombia, are still lack... more Current health statistics on the prevalence of neurological diseases, in Colombia, are still lacking. To determine the prevalence of migraine, cerebrovascular disease, movement disorders, peripheral neuropathies, mental retardation and developmental disorders, epilepsy, dementia and sequels of cranial trauma in a rural population of Colombia. We evaluated 544 subjects in Aratoca, a rural place of Santander, placed at 400 kilometers from Bogota. The world health organization (WHO) protocol for neuroepidemiological studies modified by our group, a survey to determine sequels of cranial trauma and the mini mental state examination were used as instruments. People 12 years-old or more and suspected to have a neurological disease was evaluated by adult neurologists and those less than 12 years-old were evaluated by a neuropediatrician. 223 out of 544 subjects surveyed were evaluated by the clinicians of which 135 had a neurological disorder. The prevalence of neurological diseases, per t...
![Research paper thumbnail of [The Mini-Mental State Examination as a selected diagnostic test for dementia: a Colombian population study. GENECO]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41662527/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Revista de neurologia
Folstein's Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely used as screening test for cognitiv... more Folstein's Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely used as screening test for cognitive impairment. To test a Spanish version of the MMSE in a population of high illiteracy rate. Population-based survey of a stratified random sample of urban and rural residents of five regions of Colombia, followed by neurological and neuropsychological evaluation of suspect cases (phase 2). Dementia was diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria. 1,611 subjects age 50 or older filled out both the WHO Protocol for Epidemiologic Studies of Neurological Disorders and a Spanish version of the MMSE; 55.2% of them had three or less years of schooling; 536 individuals with scores below cutoff points were sent to phase 2. Of the population with satisfactory scores in MMSE 366 (34.0%) were evaluated by neurologists to exclude other neurological conditions. Twelve cases of dementia were diagnosed among individuals with scores below cutoff point and one among subjects with high scores. Age-adjusted prevalence...
Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base, 2015
World neurosurgery, 2010
Delayed vasospasm is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid h... more Delayed vasospasm is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This phenomenon was first described more than 50 years ago, but only recently has the role of inflammation in this condition become better understood. The literature was reviewed for studies on delayed vasospasm and inflammation. There is increasing evidence that inflammation and, more specifically, leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions play a critical role in the pathogenesis of vasospasm after aSAH, as well as in other conditions including meningitis and traumatic brain injury. Although earlier clinical observations and indirect experimental evidence suggested an association between inflammation and chronic vasospasm, recently direct molecular evidence demonstrates the central role of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the development of chronic vasospasm. This evidence shows in both clinical and experimental studies that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are u...
Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base, 2015
Revista De La Universidad Industrial De Santander Salud, Aug 1, 2010
... También, dada la frecuencia de casos de SGB en nuestras instituciones hospitalarias contempla... more ... También, dada la frecuencia de casos de SGB en nuestras instituciones hospitalarias contemplar en su diagnóstico diferencial la rabia en su forma paralítica e insistir en los antecedentes de mordedura por murciélagos u otros animales así haya sido meses o incluso años ...
Revista De La Universidad Industrial De Santander Salud, Apr 1, 2012
Rev Univ Ind Santander Salud, Aug 1, 2010
... También, dada la frecuencia de casos de SGB en nuestras instituciones hospitalarias contempla... more ... También, dada la frecuencia de casos de SGB en nuestras instituciones hospitalarias contemplar en su diagnóstico diferencial la rabia en su forma paralítica e insistir en los antecedentes de mordedura por murciélagos u otros animales así haya sido meses o incluso años ...
Translational stroke research, Jan 16, 2015
Intracranial aneurysms are defined as pathological dilatations of cerebral arteries and rupture o... more Intracranial aneurysms are defined as pathological dilatations of cerebral arteries and rupture of intracranial aneurysms leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The goal of this review was to outline the sex differences in the formation and progression of intracranial aneurysms as well as sex-related differences in incidence and outcome of SAH. The literature review was performed using PubMed with a combination of these search terms: "subarachnoid hemorrhage," "incidence," "outcome," "sex," "gender," "male," "female," "experimental," "mice," and "rats." Studies written in English were used. Female sex is thought to be a risk factor for aneurysm formation, especially in postmenopausal age populations, suggesting the potential protective involvement of sex steroids. Female sex is also considered a risk factor for SAH occurrence. Although incidence and mortality are confirmed to be high...
Salud UIS
Introduction: Rabies is fatal zoonoses caused by an RNA virus of the gender Lyssavirus, it is tra... more Introduction: Rabies is fatal zoonoses caused by an RNA virus of the gender Lyssavirus, it is transmitted to humans through the saliva of infected animal bite, contamination of an open wound, scratch, abrasion or laceration of a mucous membrane or infected nervous tissue. It has been found further transmission to humans by inhalation of rabies virus present in aerosol suspended in the air of caves where bats live in large numbers, as well as in laboratory accidents and by transplanting organs infected with the virus. This penetrates from the injury to the nerve endings and by retrograde axonal transport enters to the Central Nervous System whose commitment explains the clinical manifestations in its encephalitic and paralytic forms, the latter of which is characterized by loss of force initiated in the bitten limb and spread to the other limns as a flaccid paralysis, resembling a Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS). Objective: To present a case of a patient female, resident from a urban a...
Biomédica: revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud
Human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of Colombia A case of rabies enc... more Human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of Colombia A case of rabies encephalitis is presented in a teenaged male, which developed four months after a bat bite in the urban area of Floridablanca, Santander Province, Colombia. The complex clinical manifestations prevented the confirmation of an antemortem diagnosis, principally because of the lengthy incubation period and the absence of other similar urban cases. Despite application of several therapies, including the Milwaukee protocol, the patient died 19 days after hospital admission. The autopsy revealed a necrotic, acute, pan-encephalitis of rabies virus etiology. The test of direct immunofluorescence in brain tissue was positive, as well as the biologic test in mice. Serological tests indicated it to be an antigenic variant type 3, whose main reservoir is the hematophagous vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus. This is probably the first case of bat-induced rabies reported in an urban community of Colombia and one of the few in Latin America. Although rabies encephalitis by a bat bite is rare, the case serves as a notice to health authorities and to the medical community to be alert to this risk.
Salud UIS
Introduction: to describe three fatal cases of tuberculous meningitis and to establish clinical p... more Introduction: to describe three fatal cases of tuberculous meningitis and to establish clinical pathological correlation. Materials and methods: Revision of autopsy protocols between 01 january and june 30 of 2010 in the Department of Pathology of the Industrial University of Santander (UIS). Between 121 protocols of autopsies were 3 cases of tuberculous meningitis, of which clinical histories, histopathological slides and photographies were rewieved. Results: three cases of adults with age average of 39 years, without inmunosupresión with tuberculous meningitis. The clinical manifestations were migraine, vomit, fever, disartria, commitment of cranial nerves, motor alterations and disorders of consciousness. Conclusions: the tuberculous meningitis is the most serious form of the disease, with fatal course in nondiagnosed cases. The low index of suspicion and the similarity with other infections of the central nervous system, do not allow early diagnostic and nor opportune treatment....
Acta médica colombiana: AMC: organo de la Asociación Columbiana de Medicina Interna
Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria
Introduction: Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a clinical entity characterized by a triad of clin... more Introduction: Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a clinical entity characterized by a triad of clinical signs including gait abnormalities, cognitive disorders and sphincter dysfunction. It parallels an increased cerebrospinal fl uid pressure, hydrocephalus and brain cortical atrophy. No detectable cause is a must. Methods and results: Case report. This is a Colombian male patient, 26 years-old, who had the clinical fi ndings commented above starting three years before our evaluation. He also presented notorious extrapyramidal involvement, mostly focal dystonia including pleorotonus. Besides this, mood lability, memory disorders, personality changes turning from introverted to compulsive, sleep disorders, isolation and fearlessness were also present. Initially, depression was diagnosed and then paranoid schizophrenia was considered. Olanzapine was given with no benefi ts on his neuropsychiatric disorder. Some of these signs and symptoms improved after a lumbar puncture which had a nor...
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 2015
The orbitozygomatic craniotomy is a fundamental procedure in neurosurgery, allowing access to orb... more The orbitozygomatic craniotomy is a fundamental procedure in neurosurgery, allowing access to orbital and skull base pathology. Determine the feasibility of using an ultrasonic osteotome to safely perform orbitozygomatic osteotomies in patients with intracranial pathology. The medical records of patients undergoing orbitozygomatic craniotomy using an ultrasonic osteotome (Aesculap BoneScalpel™) for tumor resection at Johns Hopkins Hospital between November 2009 and March 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Six patients underwent orbitozygomatic craniotomy for tumor resection using an ultrasonic osteotome at the Johns Hopkins Hospital during the study period. All patients were female and the average age was 53.2 years. Patients were followed for an average of 375 days. There were two cases of transient diplopia. There were no cases of periorbital violation, orbital injury, enophthalmos, or orbital hematoma. Post-operative imaging showed the cuts were well opposed and no cosmetic issues were encountered. Use of an ultrasonic osteotome allows for precise cuts under direct visualization with minimal risk to critical adjacent structures in our cohort of patients undergoing a two-piece orbitozygomatic craniotomy. This appears to be a safe instrument for osteotomy creation in skull base approaches.
Biomédica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2009
Human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of Colombia A case of rabies enc... more Human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of Colombia A case of rabies encephalitis is presented in a teenaged male, which developed four months after a bat bite in the urban area of Floridablanca, Santander Province, Colombia. The complex clinical manifestations prevented the confirmation of an antemortem diagnosis, principally because of the lengthy incubation period and the absence of other similar urban cases. Despite application of several therapies, including the Milwaukee protocol, the patient died 19 days after hospital admission. The autopsy revealed a necrotic, acute, pan-encephalitis of rabies virus etiology. The test of direct immunofluorescence in brain tissue was positive, as well as the biologic test in mice. Serological tests indicated it to be an antigenic variant type 3, whose main reservoir is the hematophagous vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus. This is probably the first case of bat-induced rabies reported in an urban community of Colombia and...
Revista de neurologia
Central nervous system cryptococcosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunoc... more Central nervous system cryptococcosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients; nevertheless, its presentation in immuno-spared patients is extremely rare, giving rise to a hole different spectrum, since it is manifested like granulomatous masses named cryptococomas. AIM. To describe an intracerebral case of cryptococcoma in an immuno-spared woman in the Hospital Universitario de Santander and to discuss the most relevant topics of this pathology. A 24 years-old woman, coming to the service presenting generalized tonic-clonic seizure, fixed upward gaze, sialorrhea and lost, without any data suggesting immunosupression. The computarized tomography of skull demonstrates a mass of possible inflammatory vs. noeplasmic origin. After performing imaging the patient is taken to surgery for craniotomy with excisional biopsy. By means of hystological analysis the diagnosis of cerebral criptococcoma is made, and antimycotic therapy is started, with favorab...
Revista de neurologia
To determine the presence of eight neurological disorders (migraine, cerebrovascular disease, dis... more To determine the presence of eight neurological disorders (migraine, cerebrovascular disease, disorders of movement, peripheral neuropathy, mental retardation, epilepsy, dementia and the sequelas of head injuries) in the eastern region of Colombia. Using the neuro epidemiological protocol of the World Health Organization (WHO), modified by our group, together with a questionnaire to determine the sequelas of head injuries and the abbreviated mental test (Mini mental), we interviewed people in the municipalities of Bucaramanga, Piedecuesta and Aratoca. The persons suspected of having neurological disorders, who were over 12 years old, were evaluated by neurologists and those under 12 years old by a neuropaediatrician. In the eastern region, 1,454 persons altogether were interviewed. Neurological conditions were suspected in 454 of these (31.2%), and confirmed in 437 (30.1%). The specific results for these neurological disorders and their respective confidence intervals (in brackets) ...
Revista médica de Chile, 2002
Current health statistics on the prevalence of neurological diseases, in Colombia, are still lack... more Current health statistics on the prevalence of neurological diseases, in Colombia, are still lacking. To determine the prevalence of migraine, cerebrovascular disease, movement disorders, peripheral neuropathies, mental retardation and developmental disorders, epilepsy, dementia and sequels of cranial trauma in a rural population of Colombia. We evaluated 544 subjects in Aratoca, a rural place of Santander, placed at 400 kilometers from Bogota. The world health organization (WHO) protocol for neuroepidemiological studies modified by our group, a survey to determine sequels of cranial trauma and the mini mental state examination were used as instruments. People 12 years-old or more and suspected to have a neurological disease was evaluated by adult neurologists and those less than 12 years-old were evaluated by a neuropediatrician. 223 out of 544 subjects surveyed were evaluated by the clinicians of which 135 had a neurological disorder. The prevalence of neurological diseases, per t...
Revista de neurologia
Folstein's Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely used as screening test for cognitiv... more Folstein's Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely used as screening test for cognitive impairment. To test a Spanish version of the MMSE in a population of high illiteracy rate. Population-based survey of a stratified random sample of urban and rural residents of five regions of Colombia, followed by neurological and neuropsychological evaluation of suspect cases (phase 2). Dementia was diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria. 1,611 subjects age 50 or older filled out both the WHO Protocol for Epidemiologic Studies of Neurological Disorders and a Spanish version of the MMSE; 55.2% of them had three or less years of schooling; 536 individuals with scores below cutoff points were sent to phase 2. Of the population with satisfactory scores in MMSE 366 (34.0%) were evaluated by neurologists to exclude other neurological conditions. Twelve cases of dementia were diagnosed among individuals with scores below cutoff point and one among subjects with high scores. Age-adjusted prevalence...
Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base, 2015
World neurosurgery, 2010
Delayed vasospasm is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid h... more Delayed vasospasm is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This phenomenon was first described more than 50 years ago, but only recently has the role of inflammation in this condition become better understood. The literature was reviewed for studies on delayed vasospasm and inflammation. There is increasing evidence that inflammation and, more specifically, leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions play a critical role in the pathogenesis of vasospasm after aSAH, as well as in other conditions including meningitis and traumatic brain injury. Although earlier clinical observations and indirect experimental evidence suggested an association between inflammation and chronic vasospasm, recently direct molecular evidence demonstrates the central role of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the development of chronic vasospasm. This evidence shows in both clinical and experimental studies that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are u...
Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base, 2015