György Neszmélyi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by György Neszmélyi

A cikk Mauritiussal, az afrikai kontinenstől keletre elhelyezkedő és az Indiai-óceán által körülv... more A cikk Mauritiussal, az afrikai kontinenstől keletre elhelyezkedő és az Indiai-óceán által körülvett kicsi ország gazdasági átalakulásával foglalkozik (a mezőgazdasági szektorra fókuszálva). Mauritius az utóbbi években látványosan fejlődött, gazdasága diverzifikálódott és modernizálódott. A függetlenség elnyerésekor még tipikus agrárország volt, ma viszont a szolgáltató ágazatok dominálnak: az idegenforgalom és a pénzügyi szolgáltatások a mauritiusi nemzetgazdaság alapjának tekinthetők. A korábbi gyarmati időszak egyik fő öröksége a cukornád dominanciájára épülő mezőgazdaság, ám ennek teljesítménye ma már csak a GDP 4%-át teszi ki. Mauritius, illetve az ország gazdasági eredményeinek háttere azonban nemcsak érdekes olvasmány, hanem tanulságokat is hordoz. Bár első látásra kevés hasonlóságot vélhetünk felfedezni Magyarország, a magyar agrárgazdaság és a hazánktól oly távoli parányi szigetország között, azonban ha az eltérő adottságoktól elvonatkoztatunk, akkor több olyan vonást is fe...

Magyar tudomány, May 1, 2021

A tanulmány első részében a szerzők betekintést adtak a hazai, illetve az azzal összevethető szlo... more A tanulmány első részében a szerzők betekintést adtak a hazai, illetve az azzal összevethető szlovákiai tapasztalatokba, valamint az elemzés részeként kitértek az euró bevezetésének, illetve a nemzeti valuta megtartása előnyeinek és hátrányainak bemutatására. A második részben a gyenge nemzeti valuta előnyeit és hátrányait elemzik, valamint a magyar makrogazdasági mutatók mentén bepillantást nyújtanak abba a hazai gazdasági környezetbe, amely véleményük szerint nagyjában-egészében már alkalmas az euró átvételére, így az elemzés az átállás lehetséges időzítésével kapcsolatos megfontolásokra is kiterjed.

According to the expectations of foreign policy analysts and strategic thinkers Indiawill become ... more According to the expectations of foreign policy analysts and strategic thinkers Indiawill become a global economic and political power within the next 20-25 years. Thatwill give a new direction to the history of that country and make the prognosis evenstronger that the 21st century will be that of Asia. In all probabilities, the developmentof India will leave its specific footprint on the global relations during the transitionof world politics and economy into multi-polarity and the new system of relations inthe scientific and technological fields and in the social and ecological conditions aswell. Most probably, it will create pressure of mutual adaptation for both India and itspartners while there should be no doubt that India will conserve much of the uniquespecifications of its thousand years old culture, history, religions and ethnic traditions.The European Union as a global actor has already recognized the importance of thisprocess and tries to deepen its strategic partnership...

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies

In the last 5 years, the center of gravity of terrorism has shifted from the Middle East and Nort... more In the last 5 years, the center of gravity of terrorism has shifted from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to sub-Saharan Africa. As of 2018, this region had the highest number of fatalities and the greatest material damage. This paper assesses the situation of the countries most affected by terrorism in the WCA (West and Central-Africa) region by examining economic complexity, the costs of cross-border trade and corruption. The AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) program is a means of ensuring the security of international supply chains while simultaneously facilitating the cross-border flow of goods. By 2020, 97 countries in the world had operational AEO programs, but only one country in the WCO (World Customs Organization) WCA region had implemented one. The threat of terrorism is very high in seven countries of the region: Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Niger, Chad and Mali. As a result of the evaluation, it can be concluded that these...

Acta Oeconomica, 2021

The enlargement of the euro area (EA), an unfinished process, was low on the European agenda in t... more The enlargement of the euro area (EA), an unfinished process, was low on the European agenda in the period between the 2008 and the 2020 crises. The socio-economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic and frictions in geopolitics would call for a coherent Europe, yet new and old fault-lines appeared in the EU involving the eastern periphery where sovereignty issues gained particular importance. The authors revisit the euro adoption process of the new member states, with a focus on the Visegrad Group (V4) countries, applying a two-track approach: a monetary policy analyses of EA entry as a rational cost/benefit issue and, second, a political economic survey of key stakeholders, set in the context of the dilemmas of retaining or sacrificing nominal monetary sovereignty. Even a piecemeal enlargement of the EA, involving Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania, would cause business consequences and political repercussions in the countries left out of EA. The paper concludes that further moves...

Sustainability, 2021

Online courses are gaining popularity because they provide extensive and varied course material, ... more Online courses are gaining popularity because they provide extensive and varied course material, information, knowledge, and skills, whilst also creating an effective educational online community. This research adopts a case study approach to focus on the teaching method and the manner in which a strategic commitment to eLearning provides scope for the development and implementation of top quality educational online fully accredited programs. Entrepreneurship focuses on developing businesses that add value and create wealth and prosperity in our societies. Therefore, entrepreneurship is a key area of learning for graduate students seeking to set up and operate their own SME organizations. It can serve as a benchmark for the teaching of other graduate subjects that require a sound correlation for the correlation of concepts and theories to the challenging complexities of the real world. The program was developed on the basis of the implementation of a state-of-the-art eLearning platf...

Six years have passed since the political metamorphosis, called Arab Spring that had swept away P... more Six years have passed since the political metamorphosis, called Arab Spring that had swept away President Mubarak's three-decade rule. The following years can be divided to several periods: military governance, then moderately radical Islamist rule, then military government again, and finally-since May 2014-the election and official tenure as president of the head of the recent military government, General Sisi who is the incumbent head of state even now. President Sisi came with ambitious plans, the essence and goal of which was the economic restoration, and the inner political and social reconciliation of Egypt. No doubt about the fact that it has already shown certain results at macroeconomic level. But, the dissatisfaction of the society seems to be growing. Prospects for the Egyptian society of nearly 90 million people, especially for the poorest groups (which ranges to the half of the population) have not yet improved and many people from the young generation feels no future. People in Egypt expected better living conditions and possibilities from the Arab Spring, but instead they experience increasing economic restrictions, corruption cases of politicians closely tied to the army, and certain signs of a police state, which was well known during the Mubarak-era. After all it is a delicate question whether President Sisi will be able to implement the macroeconomic restoration of Egypt or not, but if so, what price the society has to pay for it? This paper will introduce the latter factors, the present state of the Egyptian economy and society.

Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii

East African region is one of the underdeveloped regions in the world with untapped natural resou... more East African region is one of the underdeveloped regions in the world with untapped natural resources. With the increase in population size, countries’ infrastructural development is a key in assuring sustainable development and hence assures food security. Although the region has a huge economic development potential, yet it is well characterized with high poverty level. This study therefore focuses on critically reviewing the existing literatures on accessibility, quality and challenges of road and air transport infrastructure in the region and its importance for regional integration focusing on Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. Graphs are used to describe the secondary data obtained from World Bank. Hence, insufficient transport facilities, high cost of infrastructure development and poor transport management are the main challenges in the region. Transport facilities promote production of goods and services and ensure their proper distribution channel to avoid regional inequalities ...

Studia Mundi – Economica, 2019

Agriculture employs more Yemenis than any other sector and spate irrigation is the largest source... more Agriculture employs more Yemenis than any other sector and spate irrigation is the largest source of irrigation water. Spate irrigation however is growing increasingly difficult to sustain in many areas due to water scarcity and unclear sharing of water amongst users. Mostly due to high population growth, misguided agricultural development and the growth of qat, a lack of law enforcement to regulate water use, and a vulnerable climate to climate change, the crisis may soon reach catastrophic levels. The agriculture uses 93% of the potable water, and does not actively encourage sustainable water saving techniques. Qat (Catha edulis; recreational drug) cultivation uses 40% of the potable water. The water crisis could be mitigated by reducing qat production.

European Spatial Research and Policy

In the present study the authors examined the spatial disparities of the Visegrad four countries ... more In the present study the authors examined the spatial disparities of the Visegrad four countries to see whether the lasting cooperation of the four countries resulted in harmonious economic development or increasing gaps between the years 2000 and 2018. Based on the research results it can be concluded that regional disparities between core and periphery regions of V4 countries still have not been eliminated to a significant extent. Despite the fact that the Visegrad Group has been in the EU for 18 years, the catching-up of its regions occurred with various speed, and no harmonised development can be observed within the Group.

Studia Mundi - Economica, 2021

Globally, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have been recognized as pivotal contributors ... more Globally, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) have been recognized as pivotal contributors to the country’s economy. The main goal of this paper is to investigate country specific barriers to the internationalization process in SMEs in the transition country’s context. SMEs in transition countries deal with the common challenges that are usually occurred in other economies as well and they also have to overcome challenges of institutional external and internal barriers during their internationalization. We set and suggest a mixed-method research design to explore barriers to the SMEs' internationalization phenomenon in transition countries from various perspectives using diverse approaches as Mongolia as a case. By this paper, we can contribute to the narrow existing literature in the field of the internationalization of SMEs in the transition countries by investigating SMEs in Mongolia so as to provide implications to researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and SME owne...

DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Tourism and Regional Development, 2021

Land use plan is a fundamental pillar for shaping the future of urban development plans to deal w... more Land use plan is a fundamental pillar for shaping the future of urban development plans to deal with national and regional issues. There is a merger between land use objectives as a resource and general development objectives to define clearly the importance of a developmental system for comprehensive land-use planning. Most regional plans do not follow integrated system of land-use planning without considering urban settlement in creating the vision and goals of their policies. As a result, most sectoral development plans are created in isolation without systematic consideration of standards and development tools of urban development. Consequently, this study attempts to use ecological footprint to evaluate regional land use in their current situation and in the stages of preparation of urban plans. Therefore, the comparison to human development index in order to figure out the stages clearly to use the proper land use planning approach, using an example of Visegrád countries.

DETUROPE - The Central European Journal of Tourism and Regional Development, 2019

Much more evidence has accumulated over the past ten years to indicate that changes in many physi... more Much more evidence has accumulated over the past ten years to indicate that changes in many physical and biological systems are linked to global warming. Then, needing an action for mitigating the climate change impacts through regional development policies target all regions (urban, rural and undeveloped areas) and cities in order to support job creation, business competitiveness, economic growth, sustainable development, and improve citizens' quality of life. And to make it easy to be implemented, so it has to be integrated with the administration levels to achieve the final aim for those objectives. Awareness of the need for a new approach is driven by the observation, in the frame of administration levels on all levels national, regional and local levels. Defining the legal policies and rules to mitigate climate change on regional level by supporting the environment and achieve development on local and regional levels parallelly. Therefore, the research seeks to offer some proactive applicable policies that can dispense with one of the challenging problems. The problem deals with the threats that climate change could have on the development potentialities and natural resources of developing states in the skeleton of the administrative layers. The research aims to utilize the development policies and projects for mitigating the risk level for climate change hazards in the frame of administration levels in Egypt.

Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies, 2021

Abiy Ahmed, the current premier and Nobel Peace Prize winner in 2019, is the third prime minister... more Abiy Ahmed, the current premier and Nobel Peace Prize winner in 2019, is the third prime minister to lead Ethiopia since the overthrow of Derg. Although he had high approval ratings at the beginning of his administration across the coun- try including Tigray, the premier has lost the trust of the TPLF, and most of its leaders have left the capital Addis to settle in Mekelle. This situation increased tension between TPLF and the federal government, which resulted in the ongoing war. This research aims at identifying the main causes of the ongoing conflict in Ethiopia and its socio-economic consequences, utilizing informal methods of data collection and phone interviews. In addition, observations, assessment, and infor- mal communications with members of the Ethiopian and Tigray defence forces were also included in the data collection. The root cause of this war was a matter of gaining power in the federal government. As a consequence of this conflict, peo- ple in the Tigray region an...

European Policy Analysis, 2021

The authors would like to express their appreciation and gratitude to the two anonymous reviewers... more The authors would like to express their appreciation and gratitude to the two anonymous reviewers for their remarks and suggestions for further broadening of the research topic. While we followed all their positive remarks and suggestions of improvement of the present study, due to the limits of extent and substantial frames of the study, we could implement only a part of their valuable suggestions for extending the study for further directions. Abstract Successive crises and shifts in geopolitics necessitate a more coherent Europe, with the euro as a key instrument, yet the enlargement of the euro area is unfinished. The paper reconstructs diverging trends in non-EA countries, and considers the motivations of key stakeholders in countries without commitment to enter. The approach applied is dual: we reconsider economic arguments of a currency reform and conduct political economy analysis with the underlying hypothesis that euro adoption, for businesses, is a cost/ben-efit issue, while for governments, parties, and voters it is a sovereignty issue with cost/benefit aspects attached. The authors conclude that macroeconomic and business considerations would support Eurozone entry in all CEE countries concerned. As for key stakeholders, society and the business community support the euro, but particular government interests are at stake. Post-pandemic realities would reconfirm rational arguments for euro entry; to make that happen, economic nationalist and state developmental concepts need be discarded.

Közgazdasági Szemle, 2020

Bod péter áKos-pócsiK orsolya-Neszmélyi györgy iVáN az euró és a szlovák gazdaság Szlovákia a ren... more Bod péter áKos-pócsiK orsolya-Neszmélyi györgy iVáN az euró és a szlovák gazdaság Szlovákia a rendszerváltási folyamat második felében dinamikus gazdasági pályát futott be, és sikeresen teljesítette európai integrálódásának intézményi feladatait. A társadalom, valamint a politikai és a gazdasági döntéshozói kör számára viszonyítási keretnek számító visegrádi országcsoportból elsőként-eddig egyedüliként-lépett be az euróövezetbe. A közös európai valuta korai szlovák bevezetése a monetáris önállóságot megtartó másik három visegrádi országgal szemben jelentős különbség, s ez egyúttal lehetőséget kínál a 2008 utáni folyamatok összehasonlító elemzésére. A szlovákiai euróbevezetés közgazdasági és gazdaságpolitikai vonatkozásainak elemzéséből levonható az a következtetés, hogy több kormányzati ciklust átfogó politikai konszenzus szükséges a valutacsere sikeréhez és az abból következő pénzügyi viszonyoknak való megfeleléshez. A közös valutára való áttéréshez fűződő gazdasági előnyök jelentős része már a felkészülési szakaszban jelentkezik. A belépés adminisztratív folyamata során véletlenek is szerephez jutnak abban, hogy milyen körülmények között történik meg a pénzcsere, és fennmarad-e az euróövezetbe bejutó országban a sikeres alkalmazkodáshoz szükséges reformok társadalmi támogatottsága. A szlovák tapasztalatokból számos következtetés és tanulság vonható le a kívül maradók (így Magyarország) számára. * Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: E63, E65, F15, F45, P26, R5. a hozzávetőlegesen azonos fejlettségű, hasonló gazdasági szerkezetű és közös külső hatásoknak kitett egykori tervgazdaságok jelentősen eltérő fejlődési pályát futottak be, és gazdaságpolitikai kurzusaik is eltértek a három évtizedes * Köszönjük a két anonim lektor megjegyzéseit és a téma további bővítésére tett javaslatait. a terjedelmi korlátokra és a tanulmány tartalmi kereteire tekintettel a számos javasolt kiegészítendőnek csupán egy részét tudtuk figyelembe venni.

The conflict and dispute on the issue of distribution and utilization of the water discharge of N... more The conflict and dispute on the issue of distribution and utilization of the water discharge of Nile River has been increasing among ten African riparian countries which are all affected by this issue, however each of them in different extent and way. All of them strive for asserting their own economic and security interest. The impacts of this issue extend far beyond the direct geographical region itself, and of course, it has a predominant influence on the water and food supply of around 300 million people who live in these countries. The sharpest disaccord can be seen between the group of Sub-Saharan riparian countries laying in the upper part of Nile and Egypt. The rapidly growing population and her almost exclusive dependence on the Nile-water makes the Egyptian government insist strongly to her quota, which was set in international agreements long ago. The Sub-Saharan countries would amend the prevailing sharing system to another solution which served their interests more, so ...

This paper provides an introduction on Mongolian and Korean economic development, with special fo... more This paper provides an introduction on Mongolian and Korean economic development, with special focus on agriculture. Mongolia carries out a comprehensive socio-economic metamorphosis towards a market-oriented economy since the early 90’s, still faces serious difficulties. Mongolian agriculture predominantly means animal husbandry, which provides about 30% of Mongolian GDP. Owing to the privatization of the livestock number of nomadic animal breeders rapidly increased during the 90’s. The Mongolian government has recently launched the Green Revolution Programme, however the country looks to be dependent on agricultural imports and international assistance for the foreseeable future. The paper also provides a brief overview on the situation and the recent changes in the North-Korean agriculture. South-Korea (Republic of Korea) has shown spectacular economic development during the recent 40 years, however the success of the Asian ‘Tigress’ was mostly a result of the export-oriented ind...