Hamed Muhammed Jassim - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hamed Muhammed Jassim

Ecology and the Environment, Dec 16, 2014

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Sep 24, 2020

Silica-sand is one of the main additives in cement production. Cement plants in the Iraqi Kurdist... more Silica-sand is one of the main additives in cement production. Cement plants in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region had been using silica sand which is 98% quartz that was quarried from the Iraqi Western Desert. However, during the last decade, it was not possible to supply these cement plants with material from this location; therefore, the silica sand was imported from Iran. Recently, radiolarian chert of the Qulqula Group was quarried from the Sharbazhar Quarry in Kurdistan and used in some cement plants in the Kurdistan Region. This research was performed to study the specifications of the chert which is interbedded with claystone of the Qulqula Group that can be used as an alternative to silica-sand from other regions outside of Kurdistan. Five samples were collected from the Sharbazhar Quarry and subjected to XRF testing. The acquired results were encouraging; therefore, 20 additional samples were collected from the quarry, but also from other outcrops of the Qulqula Group along the road towards Sulaimaniyah city. The collected samples were subjected to XRF testing and the results showed that the weighted average of the SiO 2 in the quarried chert-claystone deposit is 83.71%., when the plants used claystone:chert ratio is 3:2; as it is used with mix-raw material in some cement plants in the Bazian district. This deficiency in the weighted average of the SiO 2 is overcome by adding more chert from the chert-claystone deposit to the raw-mix.

Iraqi geological journal, Oct 31, 2021

The Kurdistan Region in Iraq is located in the extreme northeastern part of the Arabian Plate whi... more The Kurdistan Region in Iraq is located in the extreme northeastern part of the Arabian Plate which is in a collision since the Late Cretaceous with the Iranian Plate. Therefore, large ophiolite bodies have been thrust along the northeastern margins of Kurdistan Region; accordingly, different metallic mineral can be associated with igneous and metamorphic rocks at Penjween, Qalat Diza and Rawandouz vicinities, besides, radioactive minerals like uranium and thorium. Moreover, large and long thrust fault has developed along the northern and northeastern parts of the Kurdistan Region. Along the plane of this huge thrust fault, hydrothermal liquids have deposited different metallic minerals as showings, especially between Zakho and Amadiyah towns. We have presented and discussed the discipline of mineral investment in Kurdistan Region, the announced minerals' blocks for investment by the Ministry of Natural Resources in the Kurdistan Regional Government, the encouraging factors and obstacles of investments. To fulfill the scope of this work, we have used the best available and updated data as acquired from different sources. The main obstacles which contributed to the backwardness and non-development of the mining industry in the Kurdistan Region can be summarized in the nonexistence of a valid and promising mineral investment law which can attract the big international mining companies to invest in the region, adding to the nonexistence of comprehensive, detailed and mineral exploration studies which can give confident figures of the mineral and ore reserves in the region. The non-availability of a specialized mining education institution which prepares mining expertise and mining engineers who can lead the progress in this regard could count as another hurdle.

Global Journal of Human-Social Science

The Climate change is a global issue affecting different parts of our planet where we are living.... more The Climate change is a global issue affecting different parts of our planet where we are living. However, the reasons of climate change and consequences differ at different parts too. In Iraq, including the Kurdistan Region, the reasons for the climate change are due to man-made and natural effects, where the rates of CO2 emission and those of other greenhouse gasses are increasing drastically, besides the global warming, decrease in the amount of water income in rivers and streams from Turkey and Iran, decrease of rain and snow fall, increase of population. All these have direct impact on the climate and accordingly the consequences are coming harsher and seriously effective on the daily life of the people. In this research, different man-made and natural effects, which directly affect the climate change are presented and described. Moreover, predictions and recommendations are given to decrease the consequences of the climate change in Iraq among them the status of awareness is o...

Energy and Sustainability V, 2014

Iraqi journal of chemical and petroleum engineering, Sep 30, 2004

International journal of engineering trends and technology, Apr 25, 2014

This paper investigates the properties of some natural coarse aggregates in Dakuk and Tuz. Two gr... more This paper investigates the properties of some natural coarse aggregates in Dakuk and Tuz. Two gravel samples were obtained from different locations and transported to Civil Engineering Laboratory, Technical Institute of Kirkuk and Concrete Laboratory in Koya University. Tests conducted on the gravel samples include: specific gravity, bulk density, sieve analysis, abrasion, absorption, impact, crushing, elongation and flakiness. Test results revealed that the specific gravities of the gravels Dakuk and Tuz to be (2.641, 2.576) , compacted bulk densities to be (1657 Kg/m3, 1640 Kg/m3 ), loose bulk densities for both to be (1573 Kg/m3 ), abrasions to be (16.3%, 13.6%) , Gravel samples possessed low water absorption value (1% and 0.9%) and low effective porosity, elongation index to be 14% , 20% and flakiness (16.2% , 31%) , Aggregate impact values of samples were (9.18 and 7.33%) showing good soundness, crushing values of samples were (5.92% and 5.71% ) , Los Angeles abrasion test also showed consistent hardness of each of the samples (16.3 and 13.6%) . The study results indicated that both samples satisfy the Iraqi standards, British standards and American Standards of Testing Material for concrete and road aggregates. Keywords—Absorption, Abrasion, Coarse Aggregate, Crushing Value, Elongation Index, Flakiness Index, Impact Value, Los Angeles Test, Sieving Analysis.

Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2022

There are serious environmental problems due to the higher rate of fuel consumption during the pe... more There are serious environmental problems due to the higher rate of fuel consumption during the period 2006-2019. The higher escalation of automobile numbers in Iraq generally and the Kurdistan Region (KRI) in specific has led to a rapid increase in air pollution. During the ISIS war, the area faced problems due to the decline in the economic level and the increase in the number of refugees from different war regions in Iraq and even from Syria which led to an increase in the old, environmentally unfriendly vehicles. The number of automobiles has increased by 21 times, therefore the consumed fuel and the released pollutant increased by the same rate. Large traffic data were obtained from the Traffic General Directorate in KRI. Tenths of gasoline and diesel oil samples were laboratory tested for Sulphur content. The practical aspects of the research took nearly two years, as samples of fuel were taken during different seasons and examined in the laboratories of Koya University. These checks were accompanied by a statistical investigation of the daily fuel consumption for each type of vehicle based on the traveled distances. The estimated emissions of harmful gases are concentrated on (CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, and HC) in addition to MP (mass particulates). These data were analyzed and graphically represented in a suitable way. The research aims to determine the risk assessment of the increase of different pollutants on the environment due to transportation during the period from 2006-2019 in KRI.

Iraqi geological journal, Jun 30, 2021

The road that crosses the Haibat Sultan Mountain in the northern part of Iraq; is one of the dang... more The road that crosses the Haibat Sultan Mountain in the northern part of Iraq; is one of the dangerous roads in this region. To perform a slope stability analysis for the dangerous parts of the road, we have used Bejerman's Method. We have reviewed satellite images of the road and all those potential areas were checked in the field; accordingly, eleven stations were recognized. Landslide Possibility Index was determined at the studied stations following Bejerman's field method. The road climbs the southern face (dip slope) of the mountain through very hard carbonate rocks of the Pila Spi Formation, where the bedding planes daylight in the slope face near the road cuts. This produced many large landslides. Along the northern face of the mountain, the road runs through soft clastic rocks where joint planes in the rock mass intersect and daylight in the slope face near the road cut. In order to prevent future wedge failures, a 30 m offset was created from the toe of the slope to the road. In almost all cases, the Landslide Possibility Index indicated a moderate to very high likelihood for failure along all road cuts.

Research Square (Research Square), Jun 16, 2022

There are many hazardous roads in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR) which traverse through mountai... more There are many hazardous roads in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR) which traverse through mountainous terrains. One of these roads was selected for a geotechnical assessment in this paper. The road crosses the Haibat Sultan Mountain, north of Koya town in IKR; it is one of the most dangerous roads in this region. Annually, tra c is blocked by various types of slope failures along this road. There are numerous observed examples where bedding planes in the slope face daylight next to the road. To assess the road geotechnically, several stations of the Haibat Sultan Crossing road were studied to determine their stability using the Kinematic Analysis Method. A total of 11 stations were identi ed with the highest potential for slope failure. It was determined that only four stations (Nos. 4, 5, 7 and 9) could be evaluated using kinematic analyses. The kinematic analyses for the four stations were performed using DipAnalyst 2.0 software. The analyses identi ed the potential failure areas and their factors of safety (F.S.). The factors of safety at these four stations were calculated and ranged between 0.66-0.85 indicating unstable slopes. Based on this information, remedial measures were recommended at these locations and along associated sections of the road.

UKH journal of science and engineering, Dec 23, 2017

This study includes solvent extraction and electrowinning of copper from leaching process. The Ta... more This study includes solvent extraction and electrowinning of copper from leaching process. The Taguchi method was used to determine the optimum conditions for solvent extraction process of copper ore in sulfuric acid solution. The experimental parameters of solvent extraction were: Extractant mass of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDT), agitation time, and pH value. While, the electrowinning parameters were constant at 25°C temperature, reaction voltage of 2 V, 200 A/dm 2 current density, and 2.5 cm distance between electrodes. The following optimum solvent extraction parameters levels were found: Extractant mass of SDDT 100 mg, agitation time 30 min, pH = 8. Under these conditions, the extraction ratio was 97.15%. It was observed that the extraction ratio increases with the increase of SDDT mass. A contacting time of 30 min is considered for ensuring state of equilibrium, and the extraction ratio decreases in a more alkaline medium (pH >8) when the cation of hydrolysis at the aqueous phase was sufficiently disturbed from heating, allowing elements to return to the aqueous phase, thereby decreasing the extraction ratio. After electrowinning is carried out, the results for the experiments were taken to quantitative analysis using the X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction patterns which showed the presence of pure copper at a purity level of 100%.

International journal of engineering trends and technology, Jun 25, 2014

ABSTRACT This research presents an experimental program for investigating punching shear strength... more ABSTRACT This research presents an experimental program for investigating punching shear strength of slabs, consisting of 27 high and normal strength concrete slabs. The test data from the experiment are analyzed and divided into three series primarily concerned with the effects of three variables on the punching strength of high-strength (HS) concrete slabs: the concrete strength, the slab depth and the column size and shape. The predictions of typical approaches in the building code, ACI 318-11 are considered along with the approaches developed by Moe, Yitzaki, Herzog, Regan, and Rankin. All approaches are compared with the experimental results. The experimental results indicated that shear strength for HS concrete slabs is proportional to fc'(n) where the power (n) had been found to be in the range of (0.5 to 0.33). The assumption that the critical perimeter is at a distance (1.5d) from the load area is found to be reasonable and the reinforcement ratio has a considerable effect on the shear strength especially when the slab depth is high. A modified approach, modeled after the Rankin’s approach, is proposed and verified by this experiment and other tests.

Haibat Sultan road represents one of the main and most important links between the two main citie... more Haibat Sultan road represents one of the main and most important links between the two main cities in the Kurdistan region, namely Erbil and Sulaimaniya, passing through Koya city. It goes through two of the tourism and resort places, Kosar Resort Compound on the south western flank and Chenarock resort on the north eastern flank of the mountain series. The strategic importance of this road necessitates the appraisal of the driving safety on this road in order to secure a safe driving environment along it. Throughout the history of this road, many incidents of dangerous rock falls and landslides have happened which have endangered the driving on it. In addition to these problems, a big danger exists regarding the existing trees which have been affected by these slides and failures leaving a big negative impact on the environment and the greens zones in this area. In spite of the closure for few months during last spring and summer in order to do some maintenance works on this road, we still think that a big element of danger and unsafety still exists. This has motivated us to do some assessment of the slope stability through examining 14 stations along this road where we have tried to assess the stability of slopes and evaluate the existing dangers at these stations through photographic documentation, personal inspections and onsite observations. We have also tried to suggest some remedies and solutions to these problems and risks. This work was finalised with some suitable conclusions and relevant recommendations.

Ecology and the Environment, Dec 16, 2014

Recently, the effects of crude oil on soil contamination have received a lot of attention from ma... more Recently, the effects of crude oil on soil contamination have received a lot of attention from many researchers. Most of these researchers have studied the effect of crude oil itself without taking into consideration its products. Added to that, most of these outcomes have shown contradictions in their results due the addition of crude oil to the soil. Some results showed an increase in the maximum dry density while other results indicated a decrease. A similar trend was noticed in the shear strength of the soil as well. This study seeks further investigation for evaluating the soil properties contaminated by crude oil products such as kerosene and gasoil. The aim is to develop a better understanding of the behavior of the soil exposed to oil product contamination resulting in changing its physical properties. The outcomes of this study might be guidance for designers and researchers to improve their understanding of the soil behavior in the contamination of crude oil products. In this study, soils consisting of about 85% coarse grains and 15% fine grains, synthetically contaminated by up to 7.5% of crude oil products (based on dry soil weight) were tested. The results indicated that as the percent of contamination increased, the specific gravity, the plasticity index, the maximum dry density, the optimum moisture content, the California bearing ratio and cohesion decreased, while liquid and plastic limits, and the angle of internal friction increased. Furthermore; the results show that the effect of gasoil contamination is more than that of kerosene.

International journal of engineering trends and technology, Jan 25, 2014

The vast quantities of plastic waste resulting from the different types and sizes of bottles whic... more The vast quantities of plastic waste resulting from the different types and sizes of bottles which are used to contain all types of liquid products such as (Mineral Water, Oils, and detergents ….etc) in municipal solid waste is increasing in the last years due to increase in population, development activities and changes in life style. Thus disposal of plastic waste is a menace and becomes a serious problem globally due to their non- biodegradability and unaesthetic view. This paper focused on Marshall test and index of retained strength to determine the properties of plastic waste particles such as (size, thickness, and percent of content) which provide the ultimate performance of hot mix asphalt. For this purpose plastic wastes were added by six different sizes of particles (passing sieve 3/4" (19.0 mm) to retaining on sieve No.50 (0.3 mm)), four thicknesses (0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0) mm, and five content percentages (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) % by weight of total aggregate. On the basis of experimental results, it was concluded that adding plastic waste with fine particles size ,thin thickness and at 15% by weight of total aggregate resulted in improving the Marshall stability and resistance to water damage, as well as they can contribute to relieve some of the environmental problems caused by classical plastic waste disposal means.

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Mar 24, 2022

Iraqi northern and northeastern parts (Kurdistan Region) are mountainous areas with exposed igneo... more Iraqi northern and northeastern parts (Kurdistan Region) are mountainous areas with exposed igneous and metamorphic rocks with which the other sedimentary rocks witness hundreds of metallic mineral showings. Tectonically, the region is under the influence of the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian (Iranian) plates. The collision has caused thrusting of parts of the Cretaceous Ophiolite which includes different mineralization zones. Moreover, hydrothermal activities have deposited different metallic minerals in the sedimentary cover. The main mineral showings in IKR indicate the presence of different metallic minerals, such as Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr–Ni, and Mn, besides U and Th. The presence of these mineral showings is related to the tectonic frame work of the region that is developed due to the major tectonic events associated with the Tethys development and movement of the Arabian Plate towards the Iranian Plate. Most of the metallic mineralizations are of the Alpine type, of Cretaceous age. Some Zn–Pb showings are related to early Alpine activities. U and Th of Cretaceous and Jurassic ages are also restricted to the northeastern part. Evaluation of the mineral wealth in IKR is still vague. This is attributed to the lack of geological data base. This article is a new review of the available data and discusses the potential of the mineral occurrences (wealth). Moreover, recommendations are given to have a better view of the mineral wealth with available opportunities for investments and main obstacles.

3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND POWER, ICEP2021

There are serious environmental problems due to the higher rate of fuel consumption during the pe... more There are serious environmental problems due to the higher rate of fuel consumption during the period 2006-2019. The higher escalation of automobile numbers in Iraq generally and the Kurdistan Region (KRI) in specific has led to a rapid increase in air pollution. During the ISIS war, the area faced problems due to the decline in the economic level and the increase in the number of refugees from different war regions in Iraq and even from Syria which led to an increase in the old, environmentally unfriendly vehicles. The number of automobiles has increased by 21 times, therefore the consumed fuel and the released pollutant increased by the same rate. Large traffic data were obtained from the Traffic General Directorate in KRI. Tenths of gasoline and diesel oil samples were laboratory tested for Sulphur content. The practical aspects of the research took nearly two years, as samples of fuel were taken during different seasons and examined in the laboratories of Koya University. These checks were accompanied by a statistical investigation of the daily fuel consumption for each type of vehicle based on the traveled distances. The estimated emissions of harmful gases are concentrated on (CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, and HC) in addition to MP (mass particulates). These data were analyzed and graphically represented in a suitable way. The research aims to determine the risk assessment of the increase of different pollutants on the environment due to transportation during the period from 2006-2019 in KRI.

UKH Journal of Science and Engineering, Dec 23, 2017

This study includes solvent extraction and electrowinning of copper from leaching process. The Ta... more This study includes solvent extraction and electrowinning of copper from leaching process. The Taguchi method was used to determine the optimum conditions for solvent extraction process of copper ore in sulfuric acid solution. The experimental parameters of solvent extraction were: Extractant mass of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDT), agitation time, and pH value. While, the electrowinning parameters were constant at 25°C temperature, reaction voltage of 2 V, 200 A/dm 2 current density, and 2.5 cm distance between electrodes. The following optimum solvent extraction parameters levels were found: Extractant mass of SDDT 100 mg, agitation time 30 min, pH = 8. Under these conditions, the extraction ratio was 97.15%. It was observed that the extraction ratio increases with the increase of SDDT mass. A contacting time of 30 min is considered for ensuring state of equilibrium, and the extraction ratio decreases in a more alkaline medium (pH >8) when the cation of hydrolysis at the aqueous phase was sufficiently disturbed from heating, allowing elements to return to the aqueous phase, thereby decreasing the extraction ratio. After electrowinning is carried out, the results for the experiments were taken to quantitative analysis using the X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction patterns which showed the presence of pure copper at a purity level of 100%.

Erbil city is facing environmental problems such as Wastewater treatment, Water supply, Land pres... more Erbil city is facing environmental problems such as Wastewater treatment, Water supply, Land preservation, Air pollution, Noise pollution, Pollution due to the huge increase of the numbers of vehicles, as well as the big increase of public generators which work in every edge of the city. Political instability and tension between the Iraqi federal and regional governments due to power sharing and application of the constitution are major contributors to the delay in solving these environmental problems. This research will deal with these environmental issues. Although these problems are causing serious health concerns for the inhabitants, they can sometimes, in the worst scenarios, lead to death, due to the lack of interest of the authorities to solve these kind of issues. The research sheds light on some of the causes and effects of the environmental problems and also draws conclusions and makes suggestions for reducing their impact on the environment. Extensive statistics and studi...

Energy and Sustainability V, 2014

Recently, the effects of crude oil on soil contamination have received a lot of attention from ma... more Recently, the effects of crude oil on soil contamination have received a lot of attention from many researchers. Most of these researchers have studied the effect of crude oil itself without taking into consideration its products. Added to that, most of these outcomes have shown contradictions in their results due the addition of crude oil to the soil. Some results showed an increase in the maximum dry density while other results indicated a decrease. A similar trend was noticed in the shear strength of the soil as well. This study seeks further investigation for evaluating the soil properties contaminated by crude oil products such as kerosene and gasoil. The aim is to develop a better understanding of the behavior of the soil exposed to oil product contamination resulting in changing its physical properties. The outcomes of this study might be guidance for designers and researchers to improve their understanding of the soil behavior in the contamination of crude oil products. In this study, soils consisting of about 85% coarse grains and 15% fine grains, synthetically contaminated by up to 7.5% of crude oil products (based on dry soil weight) were tested. The results indicated that as the percent of contamination increased, the specific gravity, the plasticity index, the maximum dry density, the optimum moisture content, the California bearing ratio and cohesion decreased, while liquid and plastic limits, and the angle of internal friction increased. Furthermore; the results show that the effect of gasoil contamination is more than that of kerosene.

Ecology and the Environment, Dec 16, 2014

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Sep 24, 2020

Silica-sand is one of the main additives in cement production. Cement plants in the Iraqi Kurdist... more Silica-sand is one of the main additives in cement production. Cement plants in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region had been using silica sand which is 98% quartz that was quarried from the Iraqi Western Desert. However, during the last decade, it was not possible to supply these cement plants with material from this location; therefore, the silica sand was imported from Iran. Recently, radiolarian chert of the Qulqula Group was quarried from the Sharbazhar Quarry in Kurdistan and used in some cement plants in the Kurdistan Region. This research was performed to study the specifications of the chert which is interbedded with claystone of the Qulqula Group that can be used as an alternative to silica-sand from other regions outside of Kurdistan. Five samples were collected from the Sharbazhar Quarry and subjected to XRF testing. The acquired results were encouraging; therefore, 20 additional samples were collected from the quarry, but also from other outcrops of the Qulqula Group along the road towards Sulaimaniyah city. The collected samples were subjected to XRF testing and the results showed that the weighted average of the SiO 2 in the quarried chert-claystone deposit is 83.71%., when the plants used claystone:chert ratio is 3:2; as it is used with mix-raw material in some cement plants in the Bazian district. This deficiency in the weighted average of the SiO 2 is overcome by adding more chert from the chert-claystone deposit to the raw-mix.

Iraqi geological journal, Oct 31, 2021

The Kurdistan Region in Iraq is located in the extreme northeastern part of the Arabian Plate whi... more The Kurdistan Region in Iraq is located in the extreme northeastern part of the Arabian Plate which is in a collision since the Late Cretaceous with the Iranian Plate. Therefore, large ophiolite bodies have been thrust along the northeastern margins of Kurdistan Region; accordingly, different metallic mineral can be associated with igneous and metamorphic rocks at Penjween, Qalat Diza and Rawandouz vicinities, besides, radioactive minerals like uranium and thorium. Moreover, large and long thrust fault has developed along the northern and northeastern parts of the Kurdistan Region. Along the plane of this huge thrust fault, hydrothermal liquids have deposited different metallic minerals as showings, especially between Zakho and Amadiyah towns. We have presented and discussed the discipline of mineral investment in Kurdistan Region, the announced minerals' blocks for investment by the Ministry of Natural Resources in the Kurdistan Regional Government, the encouraging factors and obstacles of investments. To fulfill the scope of this work, we have used the best available and updated data as acquired from different sources. The main obstacles which contributed to the backwardness and non-development of the mining industry in the Kurdistan Region can be summarized in the nonexistence of a valid and promising mineral investment law which can attract the big international mining companies to invest in the region, adding to the nonexistence of comprehensive, detailed and mineral exploration studies which can give confident figures of the mineral and ore reserves in the region. The non-availability of a specialized mining education institution which prepares mining expertise and mining engineers who can lead the progress in this regard could count as another hurdle.

Global Journal of Human-Social Science

The Climate change is a global issue affecting different parts of our planet where we are living.... more The Climate change is a global issue affecting different parts of our planet where we are living. However, the reasons of climate change and consequences differ at different parts too. In Iraq, including the Kurdistan Region, the reasons for the climate change are due to man-made and natural effects, where the rates of CO2 emission and those of other greenhouse gasses are increasing drastically, besides the global warming, decrease in the amount of water income in rivers and streams from Turkey and Iran, decrease of rain and snow fall, increase of population. All these have direct impact on the climate and accordingly the consequences are coming harsher and seriously effective on the daily life of the people. In this research, different man-made and natural effects, which directly affect the climate change are presented and described. Moreover, predictions and recommendations are given to decrease the consequences of the climate change in Iraq among them the status of awareness is o...

Energy and Sustainability V, 2014

Iraqi journal of chemical and petroleum engineering, Sep 30, 2004

International journal of engineering trends and technology, Apr 25, 2014

This paper investigates the properties of some natural coarse aggregates in Dakuk and Tuz. Two gr... more This paper investigates the properties of some natural coarse aggregates in Dakuk and Tuz. Two gravel samples were obtained from different locations and transported to Civil Engineering Laboratory, Technical Institute of Kirkuk and Concrete Laboratory in Koya University. Tests conducted on the gravel samples include: specific gravity, bulk density, sieve analysis, abrasion, absorption, impact, crushing, elongation and flakiness. Test results revealed that the specific gravities of the gravels Dakuk and Tuz to be (2.641, 2.576) , compacted bulk densities to be (1657 Kg/m3, 1640 Kg/m3 ), loose bulk densities for both to be (1573 Kg/m3 ), abrasions to be (16.3%, 13.6%) , Gravel samples possessed low water absorption value (1% and 0.9%) and low effective porosity, elongation index to be 14% , 20% and flakiness (16.2% , 31%) , Aggregate impact values of samples were (9.18 and 7.33%) showing good soundness, crushing values of samples were (5.92% and 5.71% ) , Los Angeles abrasion test also showed consistent hardness of each of the samples (16.3 and 13.6%) . The study results indicated that both samples satisfy the Iraqi standards, British standards and American Standards of Testing Material for concrete and road aggregates. Keywords—Absorption, Abrasion, Coarse Aggregate, Crushing Value, Elongation Index, Flakiness Index, Impact Value, Los Angeles Test, Sieving Analysis.

Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2022

There are serious environmental problems due to the higher rate of fuel consumption during the pe... more There are serious environmental problems due to the higher rate of fuel consumption during the period 2006-2019. The higher escalation of automobile numbers in Iraq generally and the Kurdistan Region (KRI) in specific has led to a rapid increase in air pollution. During the ISIS war, the area faced problems due to the decline in the economic level and the increase in the number of refugees from different war regions in Iraq and even from Syria which led to an increase in the old, environmentally unfriendly vehicles. The number of automobiles has increased by 21 times, therefore the consumed fuel and the released pollutant increased by the same rate. Large traffic data were obtained from the Traffic General Directorate in KRI. Tenths of gasoline and diesel oil samples were laboratory tested for Sulphur content. The practical aspects of the research took nearly two years, as samples of fuel were taken during different seasons and examined in the laboratories of Koya University. These checks were accompanied by a statistical investigation of the daily fuel consumption for each type of vehicle based on the traveled distances. The estimated emissions of harmful gases are concentrated on (CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, and HC) in addition to MP (mass particulates). These data were analyzed and graphically represented in a suitable way. The research aims to determine the risk assessment of the increase of different pollutants on the environment due to transportation during the period from 2006-2019 in KRI.

Iraqi geological journal, Jun 30, 2021

The road that crosses the Haibat Sultan Mountain in the northern part of Iraq; is one of the dang... more The road that crosses the Haibat Sultan Mountain in the northern part of Iraq; is one of the dangerous roads in this region. To perform a slope stability analysis for the dangerous parts of the road, we have used Bejerman's Method. We have reviewed satellite images of the road and all those potential areas were checked in the field; accordingly, eleven stations were recognized. Landslide Possibility Index was determined at the studied stations following Bejerman's field method. The road climbs the southern face (dip slope) of the mountain through very hard carbonate rocks of the Pila Spi Formation, where the bedding planes daylight in the slope face near the road cuts. This produced many large landslides. Along the northern face of the mountain, the road runs through soft clastic rocks where joint planes in the rock mass intersect and daylight in the slope face near the road cut. In order to prevent future wedge failures, a 30 m offset was created from the toe of the slope to the road. In almost all cases, the Landslide Possibility Index indicated a moderate to very high likelihood for failure along all road cuts.

Research Square (Research Square), Jun 16, 2022

There are many hazardous roads in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR) which traverse through mountai... more There are many hazardous roads in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR) which traverse through mountainous terrains. One of these roads was selected for a geotechnical assessment in this paper. The road crosses the Haibat Sultan Mountain, north of Koya town in IKR; it is one of the most dangerous roads in this region. Annually, tra c is blocked by various types of slope failures along this road. There are numerous observed examples where bedding planes in the slope face daylight next to the road. To assess the road geotechnically, several stations of the Haibat Sultan Crossing road were studied to determine their stability using the Kinematic Analysis Method. A total of 11 stations were identi ed with the highest potential for slope failure. It was determined that only four stations (Nos. 4, 5, 7 and 9) could be evaluated using kinematic analyses. The kinematic analyses for the four stations were performed using DipAnalyst 2.0 software. The analyses identi ed the potential failure areas and their factors of safety (F.S.). The factors of safety at these four stations were calculated and ranged between 0.66-0.85 indicating unstable slopes. Based on this information, remedial measures were recommended at these locations and along associated sections of the road.

UKH journal of science and engineering, Dec 23, 2017

This study includes solvent extraction and electrowinning of copper from leaching process. The Ta... more This study includes solvent extraction and electrowinning of copper from leaching process. The Taguchi method was used to determine the optimum conditions for solvent extraction process of copper ore in sulfuric acid solution. The experimental parameters of solvent extraction were: Extractant mass of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDT), agitation time, and pH value. While, the electrowinning parameters were constant at 25°C temperature, reaction voltage of 2 V, 200 A/dm 2 current density, and 2.5 cm distance between electrodes. The following optimum solvent extraction parameters levels were found: Extractant mass of SDDT 100 mg, agitation time 30 min, pH = 8. Under these conditions, the extraction ratio was 97.15%. It was observed that the extraction ratio increases with the increase of SDDT mass. A contacting time of 30 min is considered for ensuring state of equilibrium, and the extraction ratio decreases in a more alkaline medium (pH >8) when the cation of hydrolysis at the aqueous phase was sufficiently disturbed from heating, allowing elements to return to the aqueous phase, thereby decreasing the extraction ratio. After electrowinning is carried out, the results for the experiments were taken to quantitative analysis using the X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction patterns which showed the presence of pure copper at a purity level of 100%.

International journal of engineering trends and technology, Jun 25, 2014

ABSTRACT This research presents an experimental program for investigating punching shear strength... more ABSTRACT This research presents an experimental program for investigating punching shear strength of slabs, consisting of 27 high and normal strength concrete slabs. The test data from the experiment are analyzed and divided into three series primarily concerned with the effects of three variables on the punching strength of high-strength (HS) concrete slabs: the concrete strength, the slab depth and the column size and shape. The predictions of typical approaches in the building code, ACI 318-11 are considered along with the approaches developed by Moe, Yitzaki, Herzog, Regan, and Rankin. All approaches are compared with the experimental results. The experimental results indicated that shear strength for HS concrete slabs is proportional to fc'(n) where the power (n) had been found to be in the range of (0.5 to 0.33). The assumption that the critical perimeter is at a distance (1.5d) from the load area is found to be reasonable and the reinforcement ratio has a considerable effect on the shear strength especially when the slab depth is high. A modified approach, modeled after the Rankin’s approach, is proposed and verified by this experiment and other tests.

Haibat Sultan road represents one of the main and most important links between the two main citie... more Haibat Sultan road represents one of the main and most important links between the two main cities in the Kurdistan region, namely Erbil and Sulaimaniya, passing through Koya city. It goes through two of the tourism and resort places, Kosar Resort Compound on the south western flank and Chenarock resort on the north eastern flank of the mountain series. The strategic importance of this road necessitates the appraisal of the driving safety on this road in order to secure a safe driving environment along it. Throughout the history of this road, many incidents of dangerous rock falls and landslides have happened which have endangered the driving on it. In addition to these problems, a big danger exists regarding the existing trees which have been affected by these slides and failures leaving a big negative impact on the environment and the greens zones in this area. In spite of the closure for few months during last spring and summer in order to do some maintenance works on this road, we still think that a big element of danger and unsafety still exists. This has motivated us to do some assessment of the slope stability through examining 14 stations along this road where we have tried to assess the stability of slopes and evaluate the existing dangers at these stations through photographic documentation, personal inspections and onsite observations. We have also tried to suggest some remedies and solutions to these problems and risks. This work was finalised with some suitable conclusions and relevant recommendations.

Ecology and the Environment, Dec 16, 2014

Recently, the effects of crude oil on soil contamination have received a lot of attention from ma... more Recently, the effects of crude oil on soil contamination have received a lot of attention from many researchers. Most of these researchers have studied the effect of crude oil itself without taking into consideration its products. Added to that, most of these outcomes have shown contradictions in their results due the addition of crude oil to the soil. Some results showed an increase in the maximum dry density while other results indicated a decrease. A similar trend was noticed in the shear strength of the soil as well. This study seeks further investigation for evaluating the soil properties contaminated by crude oil products such as kerosene and gasoil. The aim is to develop a better understanding of the behavior of the soil exposed to oil product contamination resulting in changing its physical properties. The outcomes of this study might be guidance for designers and researchers to improve their understanding of the soil behavior in the contamination of crude oil products. In this study, soils consisting of about 85% coarse grains and 15% fine grains, synthetically contaminated by up to 7.5% of crude oil products (based on dry soil weight) were tested. The results indicated that as the percent of contamination increased, the specific gravity, the plasticity index, the maximum dry density, the optimum moisture content, the California bearing ratio and cohesion decreased, while liquid and plastic limits, and the angle of internal friction increased. Furthermore; the results show that the effect of gasoil contamination is more than that of kerosene.

International journal of engineering trends and technology, Jan 25, 2014

The vast quantities of plastic waste resulting from the different types and sizes of bottles whic... more The vast quantities of plastic waste resulting from the different types and sizes of bottles which are used to contain all types of liquid products such as (Mineral Water, Oils, and detergents ….etc) in municipal solid waste is increasing in the last years due to increase in population, development activities and changes in life style. Thus disposal of plastic waste is a menace and becomes a serious problem globally due to their non- biodegradability and unaesthetic view. This paper focused on Marshall test and index of retained strength to determine the properties of plastic waste particles such as (size, thickness, and percent of content) which provide the ultimate performance of hot mix asphalt. For this purpose plastic wastes were added by six different sizes of particles (passing sieve 3/4" (19.0 mm) to retaining on sieve No.50 (0.3 mm)), four thicknesses (0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0) mm, and five content percentages (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) % by weight of total aggregate. On the basis of experimental results, it was concluded that adding plastic waste with fine particles size ,thin thickness and at 15% by weight of total aggregate resulted in improving the Marshall stability and resistance to water damage, as well as they can contribute to relieve some of the environmental problems caused by classical plastic waste disposal means.

Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Mar 24, 2022

Iraqi northern and northeastern parts (Kurdistan Region) are mountainous areas with exposed igneo... more Iraqi northern and northeastern parts (Kurdistan Region) are mountainous areas with exposed igneous and metamorphic rocks with which the other sedimentary rocks witness hundreds of metallic mineral showings. Tectonically, the region is under the influence of the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian (Iranian) plates. The collision has caused thrusting of parts of the Cretaceous Ophiolite which includes different mineralization zones. Moreover, hydrothermal activities have deposited different metallic minerals in the sedimentary cover. The main mineral showings in IKR indicate the presence of different metallic minerals, such as Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr–Ni, and Mn, besides U and Th. The presence of these mineral showings is related to the tectonic frame work of the region that is developed due to the major tectonic events associated with the Tethys development and movement of the Arabian Plate towards the Iranian Plate. Most of the metallic mineralizations are of the Alpine type, of Cretaceous age. Some Zn–Pb showings are related to early Alpine activities. U and Th of Cretaceous and Jurassic ages are also restricted to the northeastern part. Evaluation of the mineral wealth in IKR is still vague. This is attributed to the lack of geological data base. This article is a new review of the available data and discusses the potential of the mineral occurrences (wealth). Moreover, recommendations are given to have a better view of the mineral wealth with available opportunities for investments and main obstacles.

3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND POWER, ICEP2021

There are serious environmental problems due to the higher rate of fuel consumption during the pe... more There are serious environmental problems due to the higher rate of fuel consumption during the period 2006-2019. The higher escalation of automobile numbers in Iraq generally and the Kurdistan Region (KRI) in specific has led to a rapid increase in air pollution. During the ISIS war, the area faced problems due to the decline in the economic level and the increase in the number of refugees from different war regions in Iraq and even from Syria which led to an increase in the old, environmentally unfriendly vehicles. The number of automobiles has increased by 21 times, therefore the consumed fuel and the released pollutant increased by the same rate. Large traffic data were obtained from the Traffic General Directorate in KRI. Tenths of gasoline and diesel oil samples were laboratory tested for Sulphur content. The practical aspects of the research took nearly two years, as samples of fuel were taken during different seasons and examined in the laboratories of Koya University. These checks were accompanied by a statistical investigation of the daily fuel consumption for each type of vehicle based on the traveled distances. The estimated emissions of harmful gases are concentrated on (CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, and HC) in addition to MP (mass particulates). These data were analyzed and graphically represented in a suitable way. The research aims to determine the risk assessment of the increase of different pollutants on the environment due to transportation during the period from 2006-2019 in KRI.

UKH Journal of Science and Engineering, Dec 23, 2017

This study includes solvent extraction and electrowinning of copper from leaching process. The Ta... more This study includes solvent extraction and electrowinning of copper from leaching process. The Taguchi method was used to determine the optimum conditions for solvent extraction process of copper ore in sulfuric acid solution. The experimental parameters of solvent extraction were: Extractant mass of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (SDDT), agitation time, and pH value. While, the electrowinning parameters were constant at 25°C temperature, reaction voltage of 2 V, 200 A/dm 2 current density, and 2.5 cm distance between electrodes. The following optimum solvent extraction parameters levels were found: Extractant mass of SDDT 100 mg, agitation time 30 min, pH = 8. Under these conditions, the extraction ratio was 97.15%. It was observed that the extraction ratio increases with the increase of SDDT mass. A contacting time of 30 min is considered for ensuring state of equilibrium, and the extraction ratio decreases in a more alkaline medium (pH >8) when the cation of hydrolysis at the aqueous phase was sufficiently disturbed from heating, allowing elements to return to the aqueous phase, thereby decreasing the extraction ratio. After electrowinning is carried out, the results for the experiments were taken to quantitative analysis using the X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction patterns which showed the presence of pure copper at a purity level of 100%.

Erbil city is facing environmental problems such as Wastewater treatment, Water supply, Land pres... more Erbil city is facing environmental problems such as Wastewater treatment, Water supply, Land preservation, Air pollution, Noise pollution, Pollution due to the huge increase of the numbers of vehicles, as well as the big increase of public generators which work in every edge of the city. Political instability and tension between the Iraqi federal and regional governments due to power sharing and application of the constitution are major contributors to the delay in solving these environmental problems. This research will deal with these environmental issues. Although these problems are causing serious health concerns for the inhabitants, they can sometimes, in the worst scenarios, lead to death, due to the lack of interest of the authorities to solve these kind of issues. The research sheds light on some of the causes and effects of the environmental problems and also draws conclusions and makes suggestions for reducing their impact on the environment. Extensive statistics and studi...

Energy and Sustainability V, 2014

Recently, the effects of crude oil on soil contamination have received a lot of attention from ma... more Recently, the effects of crude oil on soil contamination have received a lot of attention from many researchers. Most of these researchers have studied the effect of crude oil itself without taking into consideration its products. Added to that, most of these outcomes have shown contradictions in their results due the addition of crude oil to the soil. Some results showed an increase in the maximum dry density while other results indicated a decrease. A similar trend was noticed in the shear strength of the soil as well. This study seeks further investigation for evaluating the soil properties contaminated by crude oil products such as kerosene and gasoil. The aim is to develop a better understanding of the behavior of the soil exposed to oil product contamination resulting in changing its physical properties. The outcomes of this study might be guidance for designers and researchers to improve their understanding of the soil behavior in the contamination of crude oil products. In this study, soils consisting of about 85% coarse grains and 15% fine grains, synthetically contaminated by up to 7.5% of crude oil products (based on dry soil weight) were tested. The results indicated that as the percent of contamination increased, the specific gravity, the plasticity index, the maximum dry density, the optimum moisture content, the California bearing ratio and cohesion decreased, while liquid and plastic limits, and the angle of internal friction increased. Furthermore; the results show that the effect of gasoil contamination is more than that of kerosene.