Rezaul Haq - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rezaul Haq

Objective: Feed the Future while population is more, land is less, water is scares and climate st... more Objective: Feed the Future while population is more, land is less, water is scares and climate stress is high  Means: Vertical Hydroponic and Aquaponics  Develop vertical hydroponic system  Low water footprint  Higher yield  Faster maturity rate  Select best process for crop growth

Adaptive capacities in vulnerable wetlands are relate to coping mechanism at the grassroots level... more Adaptive capacities in vulnerable wetlands are relate to coping mechanism at the grassroots level for sustainable livelihood and climate specific. Given the fact that the absolute number of hardcore people is increasing and a large part of them live in the low-lying areas, the challenge lies in capacity building of these vulnerable communities to cope with climate change impacts.

This paper focuses on Soil less agriculture (Hydroponics) as an alternative source of livelihood means for the communities having no lands for cultivation. Approximately half of Bangladesh is cover with wetlands. The prospect of massive and enormous productivity lies in the development of wetland resources. Bangladesh has the highest wetlands to total land ratio in the world.

The soil-less agriculture is an indigenous practice in the central southwestern part of Bangladesh. The people living within the wetland ecosystem utilize locally available paddy straws, water hyacinths and various aquatic invasive plants for making the floating mat or organic bed on which crops, vegetables and seedlings are grown. The productivity of this farming system is much higher than that of terrestrials agricultural and supportive to open water fisheries. The compost manure generates from refused organic bed is nutrient enriched and acts as soil conditioner. It would be a major source of nutrients in aquaculture as well.

This farming system is capable to ensure more agriculture production by restoring wetlands from aquatic invasive plant. More over the technology is friendly to the ecology and ecosystem of wetlands.

Keywords: Wetlands, Soil less-Agriculture, Aquatic Invasive plant, Climate change

Wetlands degradation and pollution probably go together in the cities of Bangladesh. Almost all t... more Wetlands degradation and pollution probably go together in the cities of Bangladesh. Almost all the major water bodies (canal/lake/khal) particularly in the urban or peri-urban areas, the community suffered from serious environmental sanitation problems and health hazards due to uncontrolled disposal of wastewater - a deadly transmission vectors for all kinds of water-borne, epidemic and other enteric killer diseases. This problem is further aggravated during monsoon due to heavy rainfall and flooding.
Dhaka city, with its geographical location and demographic feature, wetlands inside and periphery of the city play vital role for recharge ground water-aquifers and purify waste waters with a perennial hitch of long history of wastewater recycle.
The existing system of open wastewater drainage network in the city and uncontrolled dispersal of wastewater are the major contributing factors to the degrading situation further added due increasing population and to lose of wetlands for urban housing development. This city has undergone a phenomenal population growth and substantial unplanned industrialization thus compounding the waste disposal problem complicated.

Le village de Chandra est situé dans la région sud-ouest du Bangladesh, sur les rives du fleuve K... more Le village de Chandra est situé dans la région
sud-ouest du Bangladesh, sur les rives du
fleuve Kabodak qui coule de Jessore au Golfe
du Bengale. Quelque 1500 villageois dépendaient
jadis du fleuve pour mener leurs
activités d’agriculture, d’aquaculture, le
transport et d’autres nombreuses activités
quotidiennes. Pas moins de 300 de ces villageois
étaient alors propriétaires de terres
autour du fleuve que fertilisait le limon qui s’y
déposait après les crues, donnant ainsi aux
agriculteurs d’excellentes récoltes. La plupart
de ces villageois cultivaient eux-mêmes leurs
terres et en tiraient les moyens de mener une
existence heureuse. Chandra était connu de
tout le Bangladesh pour ses mangues, ses
jacquiers et ses dattes.
Avec le temps, loin d’être une bénédiction, le
fleuve s’est transformé plutôt en malédiction.
En effet,dans les années 60,ce qui était alors
l’autorité chargée de l’aménagement hydroélectrique
du Pakistan Oriental, « l’East
Pakistan Water and Power Development
Authority », avait initié, dans le cadre du
Programme de Révolution verte, le « Coastal
Embankment Project-CEP ». C’est un projet
qui vise la reconversion des terres humides
côtières de cultures saisonnières en zones
d’exploitations agricoles permanentes ainsi
que la protection des habitants contre les
inondations. Cette initiative de grande envergure
n’avait pas tenu compte du système
écoagricole de la région et perturbait donc
l’écosystème complexe et productif de ces
terres humides côtières. Les terres ainsi
aménagées se retrouvent aujourd’hui isolées
du fleuve dont elles ne reçoivent plus le limon
qui améliorait leur fertilité. Le limon se dépose
en effet dans le lit même du fleuve et bloque
la zone de drainage, d’où une saturation en
eau permanente causant ainsi l’impossibilité
d’entreprendre des activités agricoles ou
d’aquaculture. Aussi, la démoralisation, les
maladies, le chômage et l’émigration sont
aujourd’hui le lot quotidien de Chandra.
L’instance gouvernementale chargée des
aménagements hydrauliques n’a pas réussi à
réduire la saturation en eau. Ce sont, tous les
ans, plus de 4.000 hectares supplémentaires
de terres qui sont perdus. Les experts et les
populations locales sont d’avis qu’il ne reste
plus qu’à vivre avec cette eau.

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µÌÏîÄ¿£¨the Coastal Embankment Project, CEP£©£¬
ÃϼÓÀ­¹úʪµØÀûÓõľ­Ñé
A.H. M. Rezaul Haq, Tapan Kumar Ghosal and Pritam Ghosh
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The most recent epoch, the Holocene, has been a period of relative environmental stability, allow... more The most recent epoch, the Holocene, has been a period of relative environmental stability, allowing humans to develop agriculture and establish settlements, culminating in modern civilization. Human activities have now reached such a scale that we are having significant impacts on planetary systems, and these effects are of sufficient magnitude to Within a human lifetime, the face of Earth has been transformed. Cities now dominate the landscape, and even if people disappeared tomorrow, cities would remain one of the Anthropocene’s most visible and enduring legacies.In 1950, only 29% of people lived in cities. Today more than half do, and that proportion is expected to reach 70% by 2050.
Recently, urban growth has shifted from Europe and South America to Asia and Africa. Asia’s urban population is growing faster than that anywhere else. It passed the billion mark in 1990, and is expected to reach 3.4 billion by 2025. In the next couple of decades, more than 275 million people are projected to move into India’s enormous city centres. In Africa, meanwhile, only 40% live in cities, but this is changing fast.This frenetic urban growth is a big cause of environmental change. It drives loss of agricultural land, changes in temperature and the loss of biodiversity. Cities consume two-thirds of the world’s total energy and account for more than 70% of all energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. But people living in cities often have low carbon emissions because of efficient public transport systems and the fact that people often live closer to their work.
Neither climatic nor biogeochemical stability is likely to continue in the Anthropocene, and the Earth systems we rely on to provide a liveable environment for human society are likely to become much less predictable. The stability of our infrastructure, the reliability of our production systems and the liveability of our cities will all be much less certain in the future. More research on the diverse aspects of global change will certainly help to improve predictions on the timing and extent of changes, but will not alter the basic conclusion that global change is upon us.

Human beings and the natural world are on a collision course. Human activities inflict harsh and ... more Human beings and the natural world are on a collision course. Human activities inflict harsh and often irreversible damage on the environment and on critical resources. If not checked, many of our current practices put at serious risk the future that we wish for human society and the plant and animal kingdoms, and may so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know. Fundamental changes are urgent if we are to avoid the collision our present course will bring about.” Nine distinct planetary boundaries- have been suggested, each of these boundaries attempts have been made to estimate the tipping points, beyond which abrupt and irreversible environmental changes might occur. we do not have enough data and we lack a comprehensive understanding of the complex feedback mechanisms that maintain resilience and stability in biophysical systems. In 1950, only 29% of people lived in cities. Today more than half do, and that proportion is expected to reach 70% by 2050. In 2008, the global urban population exceeded the number of people dwelling in the country for the first time in history. By 2025, there will be about 600 cities of a million people or more.

Definition of Wetlands: As pear RAMSAR convention "wetlands are, areas of marsh, fen, peat land o... more Definition of Wetlands: As pear RAMSAR convention "wetlands are, areas of marsh, fen, peat land of water, whether natural or artificial, permanent and temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed 6 meters".

Development of Eco-sensitive Coastal AREA AND ITS vISINITY

Taken as a whole, greater Khulna area is formed entirely by the deltaic process of Ganges and is ... more Taken as a whole, greater Khulna area is formed entirely by the deltaic process of Ganges and is a low laying zone occupying the central portion of the southern delta between the Hoogly and the Meghna estuary. It is intersected by a large number of rivers and estuaries, which again are connected by innumerable interlacing cross channels, the surface being only slightly raised above flood level. Natural processes of earth subsidence and land build up are going side by side. The banks of the rivers are higher than the adjacent land, so the land slopes away from them on either side forming aeries of depression between their courses. The villages cluster along the banks of the rivers, but large tracts are swampy. The people of this region were quite aware of this most important feature and accordingly adapted themselves to a system coherent with nature for their livelihood.

Objective: Feed the Future while population is more, land is less, water is scares and climate st... more Objective: Feed the Future while population is more, land is less, water is scares and climate stress is high  Means: Vertical Hydroponic and Aquaponics  Develop vertical hydroponic system  Low water footprint  Higher yield  Faster maturity rate  Select best process for crop growth

Adaptive capacities in vulnerable wetlands are relate to coping mechanism at the grassroots level... more Adaptive capacities in vulnerable wetlands are relate to coping mechanism at the grassroots level for sustainable livelihood and climate specific. Given the fact that the absolute number of hardcore people is increasing and a large part of them live in the low-lying areas, the challenge lies in capacity building of these vulnerable communities to cope with climate change impacts.

This paper focuses on Soil less agriculture (Hydroponics) as an alternative source of livelihood means for the communities having no lands for cultivation. Approximately half of Bangladesh is cover with wetlands. The prospect of massive and enormous productivity lies in the development of wetland resources. Bangladesh has the highest wetlands to total land ratio in the world.

The soil-less agriculture is an indigenous practice in the central southwestern part of Bangladesh. The people living within the wetland ecosystem utilize locally available paddy straws, water hyacinths and various aquatic invasive plants for making the floating mat or organic bed on which crops, vegetables and seedlings are grown. The productivity of this farming system is much higher than that of terrestrials agricultural and supportive to open water fisheries. The compost manure generates from refused organic bed is nutrient enriched and acts as soil conditioner. It would be a major source of nutrients in aquaculture as well.

This farming system is capable to ensure more agriculture production by restoring wetlands from aquatic invasive plant. More over the technology is friendly to the ecology and ecosystem of wetlands.

Keywords: Wetlands, Soil less-Agriculture, Aquatic Invasive plant, Climate change

Wetlands degradation and pollution probably go together in the cities of Bangladesh. Almost all t... more Wetlands degradation and pollution probably go together in the cities of Bangladesh. Almost all the major water bodies (canal/lake/khal) particularly in the urban or peri-urban areas, the community suffered from serious environmental sanitation problems and health hazards due to uncontrolled disposal of wastewater - a deadly transmission vectors for all kinds of water-borne, epidemic and other enteric killer diseases. This problem is further aggravated during monsoon due to heavy rainfall and flooding.
Dhaka city, with its geographical location and demographic feature, wetlands inside and periphery of the city play vital role for recharge ground water-aquifers and purify waste waters with a perennial hitch of long history of wastewater recycle.
The existing system of open wastewater drainage network in the city and uncontrolled dispersal of wastewater are the major contributing factors to the degrading situation further added due increasing population and to lose of wetlands for urban housing development. This city has undergone a phenomenal population growth and substantial unplanned industrialization thus compounding the waste disposal problem complicated.

Le village de Chandra est situé dans la région sud-ouest du Bangladesh, sur les rives du fleuve K... more Le village de Chandra est situé dans la région
sud-ouest du Bangladesh, sur les rives du
fleuve Kabodak qui coule de Jessore au Golfe
du Bengale. Quelque 1500 villageois dépendaient
jadis du fleuve pour mener leurs
activités d’agriculture, d’aquaculture, le
transport et d’autres nombreuses activités
quotidiennes. Pas moins de 300 de ces villageois
étaient alors propriétaires de terres
autour du fleuve que fertilisait le limon qui s’y
déposait après les crues, donnant ainsi aux
agriculteurs d’excellentes récoltes. La plupart
de ces villageois cultivaient eux-mêmes leurs
terres et en tiraient les moyens de mener une
existence heureuse. Chandra était connu de
tout le Bangladesh pour ses mangues, ses
jacquiers et ses dattes.
Avec le temps, loin d’être une bénédiction, le
fleuve s’est transformé plutôt en malédiction.
En effet,dans les années 60,ce qui était alors
l’autorité chargée de l’aménagement hydroélectrique
du Pakistan Oriental, « l’East
Pakistan Water and Power Development
Authority », avait initié, dans le cadre du
Programme de Révolution verte, le « Coastal
Embankment Project-CEP ». C’est un projet
qui vise la reconversion des terres humides
côtières de cultures saisonnières en zones
d’exploitations agricoles permanentes ainsi
que la protection des habitants contre les
inondations. Cette initiative de grande envergure
n’avait pas tenu compte du système
écoagricole de la région et perturbait donc
l’écosystème complexe et productif de ces
terres humides côtières. Les terres ainsi
aménagées se retrouvent aujourd’hui isolées
du fleuve dont elles ne reçoivent plus le limon
qui améliorait leur fertilité. Le limon se dépose
en effet dans le lit même du fleuve et bloque
la zone de drainage, d’où une saturation en
eau permanente causant ainsi l’impossibilité
d’entreprendre des activités agricoles ou
d’aquaculture. Aussi, la démoralisation, les
maladies, le chômage et l’émigration sont
aujourd’hui le lot quotidien de Chandra.
L’instance gouvernementale chargée des
aménagements hydrauliques n’a pas réussi à
réduire la saturation en eau. Ce sont, tous les
ans, plus de 4.000 hectares supplémentaires
de terres qui sont perdus. Les experts et les
populations locales sont d’avis qu’il ne reste
plus qu’à vivre avec cette eau.

Ç®µÂÀ­´å(Chandra)λÓÚÃϼÓÀ­Î÷Äϲ¿£¬×øÂä ÓÚ¿¨²©µ¤£¨Kabodak£©ºÓÅÏ£¬»ãÈëJessoreºÓºó£¬ Á÷ÏòÃϼÓÀ­Íå¡£... more Ç®µÂÀ­´å(Chandra)λÓÚÃϼÓÀ­Î÷Äϲ¿£¬×øÂä
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µÌÏîÄ¿£¨the Coastal Embankment Project, CEP£©£¬
ÃϼÓÀ­¹úʪµØÀûÓõľ­Ñé
A.H. M. Rezaul Haq, Tapan Kumar Ghosal and Pritam Ghosh
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The most recent epoch, the Holocene, has been a period of relative environmental stability, allow... more The most recent epoch, the Holocene, has been a period of relative environmental stability, allowing humans to develop agriculture and establish settlements, culminating in modern civilization. Human activities have now reached such a scale that we are having significant impacts on planetary systems, and these effects are of sufficient magnitude to Within a human lifetime, the face of Earth has been transformed. Cities now dominate the landscape, and even if people disappeared tomorrow, cities would remain one of the Anthropocene’s most visible and enduring legacies.In 1950, only 29% of people lived in cities. Today more than half do, and that proportion is expected to reach 70% by 2050.
Recently, urban growth has shifted from Europe and South America to Asia and Africa. Asia’s urban population is growing faster than that anywhere else. It passed the billion mark in 1990, and is expected to reach 3.4 billion by 2025. In the next couple of decades, more than 275 million people are projected to move into India’s enormous city centres. In Africa, meanwhile, only 40% live in cities, but this is changing fast.This frenetic urban growth is a big cause of environmental change. It drives loss of agricultural land, changes in temperature and the loss of biodiversity. Cities consume two-thirds of the world’s total energy and account for more than 70% of all energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. But people living in cities often have low carbon emissions because of efficient public transport systems and the fact that people often live closer to their work.
Neither climatic nor biogeochemical stability is likely to continue in the Anthropocene, and the Earth systems we rely on to provide a liveable environment for human society are likely to become much less predictable. The stability of our infrastructure, the reliability of our production systems and the liveability of our cities will all be much less certain in the future. More research on the diverse aspects of global change will certainly help to improve predictions on the timing and extent of changes, but will not alter the basic conclusion that global change is upon us.

Human beings and the natural world are on a collision course. Human activities inflict harsh and ... more Human beings and the natural world are on a collision course. Human activities inflict harsh and often irreversible damage on the environment and on critical resources. If not checked, many of our current practices put at serious risk the future that we wish for human society and the plant and animal kingdoms, and may so alter the living world that it will be unable to sustain life in the manner that we know. Fundamental changes are urgent if we are to avoid the collision our present course will bring about.” Nine distinct planetary boundaries- have been suggested, each of these boundaries attempts have been made to estimate the tipping points, beyond which abrupt and irreversible environmental changes might occur. we do not have enough data and we lack a comprehensive understanding of the complex feedback mechanisms that maintain resilience and stability in biophysical systems. In 1950, only 29% of people lived in cities. Today more than half do, and that proportion is expected to reach 70% by 2050. In 2008, the global urban population exceeded the number of people dwelling in the country for the first time in history. By 2025, there will be about 600 cities of a million people or more.

Definition of Wetlands: As pear RAMSAR convention "wetlands are, areas of marsh, fen, peat land o... more Definition of Wetlands: As pear RAMSAR convention "wetlands are, areas of marsh, fen, peat land of water, whether natural or artificial, permanent and temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed 6 meters".

Development of Eco-sensitive Coastal AREA AND ITS vISINITY

Taken as a whole, greater Khulna area is formed entirely by the deltaic process of Ganges and is ... more Taken as a whole, greater Khulna area is formed entirely by the deltaic process of Ganges and is a low laying zone occupying the central portion of the southern delta between the Hoogly and the Meghna estuary. It is intersected by a large number of rivers and estuaries, which again are connected by innumerable interlacing cross channels, the surface being only slightly raised above flood level. Natural processes of earth subsidence and land build up are going side by side. The banks of the rivers are higher than the adjacent land, so the land slopes away from them on either side forming aeries of depression between their courses. The villages cluster along the banks of the rivers, but large tracts are swampy. The people of this region were quite aware of this most important feature and accordingly adapted themselves to a system coherent with nature for their livelihood.

Land to man ratio in Bangladesh (2,497.4 per square mile), Water scarcity (seasonal), Land degra... more Land to man ratio in Bangladesh (2,497.4 per square mile), Water scarcity (seasonal), Land degradation with chemical fertilizer, pest infestation(Pesticides leading to health hazards for man and soil),unwise use of fresh water and degradation of ecosystem and rivers. North and southern coastal areas of Bangladesh, where backlash of human intervention is extremely visible, fast expansion of urbanization and migration of population from rural to peri-urban areas is creating multiple problems for Bangladesh.
Vertical farming in urban environments has sprung out of a need to find alternatives to common practice in industrial agriculture. The way in which industrial agriculture is being conducted today has a wide spread negative impact on the environment as well as being economically inefficient in a number of ways.