Haruna Kazeem - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Haruna Kazeem

Phone:08080365194, Mobile: 234 8080 365194 SUMMARY Besnoitia besnoiti is a re-emergent protozoan ... more Phone:08080365194, Mobile: 234 8080 365194 SUMMARY Besnoitia besnoiti is a re-emergent protozoan coccidian parasite of cattle in Europe. It occurs in Africa and other parts of the world; and suspected to be transmitted by Tabanid flies and ticks. Incidences of B. besnoiti cutaneous cysts have been reported in Nigeria. This investigation was aimed at establishing the prevalence of antibodies to B. besnoiti, tick infestation and haemoparasites among cattle in Northern Nigeria. A total of 400 cattle in five Northern States of Nigeria (Lat. 9 0 03"-13 0 58" N; Long. 4 0 08"-15 0 00" E) were examined for tick infestation during a 19-months period between May, 2008 and November, 2009. Giemsa stained thin blood smears from the cattle were examined for haemoparasites, while sera and milk samples were tested with indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFAT) for antibodies to B. besnoiti. The study revealed 321(80.3%) of the cattle seropositive for B. besnoiti, but...

North American Journal of Sciences, 2012

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2014

Background: Most brucellosis related studies in Nigeria are conducted in cattle populations. Bruc... more Background: Most brucellosis related studies in Nigeria are conducted in cattle populations. Brucellosis in small ruminants may be of greater public health concern in view of the Brucella species involved. Methods & Materials: Diagnostic surveillance and herdsmen knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) were investigated to generate a base-line data on brucellosis status in sheep and goats in Kaduna North Senatorial District of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Four Local Government Areas (LGAs) were randomly selected; blood and milk samples were collected between April and May, 2012. A total of 1021 (579 sheep, 442 goats) were used for the study. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Serum Agglutination Test with ethylene diaminotetraacetic acid (SAT-EDTA), Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) and Milk Ring Test (MRT) were employed. Results: The overall seroprevalence rates obtained for sheep and goats were 26%, 11% and 3% using RBPT, SAT-EDTA and LFA respectively; indicating highest sensitivity and specificity with RBPT and LFA respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the tests (P<0.005). Milk from lactating sheep (72) and goats (122) were similarly subjected to MRT which yielded seropositivity of 18.1% and 26.2% for sheep and goats respectively. There was no statistical significant difference between the species with respect to MRT (P<0.05). Respondents' KAP regarding brucellosis were evaluated using 70 structured questionnaires. Forty one (59%) of the respondents had some knowledge of bovine brucellosis, but lacked knowledge of the disease in small ruminants. Only 7 (10%) of the respondents recognised brucellosis as a zoonosis, but knew little of its signs in humans. Most of the respondents (74%) practiced extensive system of management. The study further revealed high level (44.5%) of exchange of breeding sires. Also, 57 (81%) of respondents experienced abortions in their flocks with 39 (68%) occurring in third trimester. Conclusion: The presence of Brucella antibodies in the studied animals is alarming in view of its public health significance, the socioeconomic importance of these animals along with the fact that pastoralists keep multi species of animals in their holdings. There is therefore the need for a holistic and detailed study on brucellosis to determine its general status, thus enabling government introduce necessary control measures in Nigeria.

Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2014

The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and distribution of bovine Foot and Mouth Disease... more The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and distribution of bovine Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) serotypes in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara state-Nigeria. To identify the source of epidemics, geospatial analysis was done on the FMD outbreak locations (n=15) using Global Positioning Service (GPS) device (Etrex R). Randomly sampled bovine sera (n=64) from herd representatives were subjected to FMD 3ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FMD 3ABC ELISA) and solid-phase competitive ELISA (SP-cELISA), for the screening and serotyping of FMD virus, respectively. Through ELISA, the FMD serotypes detected in this study were-serotype O (83%; n=53/64), serotype A (7.8%; n=5/64), serotype vaccine O (1.6%; n=1/64)), and serotype vaccine SAT2 (1.6%; n=1/64). Multiple serotypes were observed in two different combinations; these were O and A (4.7%; n=3/64), and O and SAT2 (1.6%; n=1/64). FMD multiple serotype infections were associated with absence of cross-immunity between serotypes and cross reactivity enhanced by clustered herds, highland study area topography, road and river interconnectivity, possible human settlements, activities and traffic. This study provides baseline information on geo-spatial distribution, and identification of prevalent FMD serotypes in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara state-Nigeria.

Global Journal of Health Science, 2013

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of rabies antigen in brain of dogs slaught... more This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of rabies antigen in brain of dogs slaughtered for consumption and those that died in veterinary clinics as well as to obtain a 6-year retrospective data on dog bites/suspected dog rabies cases in Lagos State. Dog brain samples were collected from dog slaughter slabs and veterinary clinics (for dogs that died in clinics) across the Lagos state while data for retrospective studies (2006-2011) of dog bite/suspected rabies cases were collected from public (government owned) and private veterinary clinics across the state. Out of the 444 brain samples collected and tested for presence of rabies antigen using the direct fluorescent antibody technique (DFAT) only 7 (1.58%) were positive for the rabies antigen. A total of 196 dog bites/suspected rabies cases were encountered between January 2006 and December, 2011 in the veterinary clinics with adults been the major (55.61%) victims. Majority (96.43%) of the offending dogs were not quarantined at the time of bite and only one out of the quarantined dogs died and was confirmed positive for rabies antigen. The result of this study indicates that rabies antigen is present among dogs slaughtered in Lagos State and may pose a threat to public health. Though, available records showed that provocation of dogs was the major cause of dog bites and both children and adults fell victim of dog bites, there was a poor record keeping practice in the veterinary clinics across the state.

Veterinary Microbiology, 2014

Sporothrix schenkii and Dermatophilus congolensis were isolated from a bull with severe skin lesi... more Sporothrix schenkii and Dermatophilus congolensis were isolated from a bull with severe skin lesions Dermatophilosis is common and endemic in tropical and subtropical Africa Sporotrochosis is very rare in cattle This may be the first report of bovine sporotrichosis in Africa.

Veterinary Dermatology, 2012

Dermatophytes are well-recognized cutaneous fungi with public health implications. In Nigeria, se... more Dermatophytes are well-recognized cutaneous fungi with public health implications. In Nigeria, several studies have been carried out on dermatophytosis in humans; however, data on dermatophytes in animals are lacking. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and species of dermatophytes in skin lesions in domestic animals in Nsukka Agricultural Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. Forty-six domestic animals (dogs, goats, sheep and pigs) presented for sale in the local markets in the study area and with suspected lesions of dermatophytosis were used for the study. Plucked hairs and epidermal scales from the skin lesions of affected animals were inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar slants containing 0.05 mg/mL of chloramphenicol and 0.5 mg/mL of cycloheximide. Inoculated slants were incubated at room temperature (27°C) for up to 4 weeks and examined at 2-3 day intervals for fungal growth. Laboratory identification of the fungal isolates was based on their colonial, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. Of the 46 animals with suspected lesions of dermatophytosis, six (13.0%) were positive for a dermatophyte, and the following dermatophytes were identified: Microsporum gypseum, two of 12 sheep; Microsporum audouinii, one of 16 dogs; Trichophyton mentagrophytes, one of 16 dogs and one of 12 sheep; and Trichophyton schoenleinii, one of 13 goats. Anthropophilic dermatophytes are among the fungal agents associated with dermatophytosis in animals in Nsukka Agricultural Zone. These dermatophytes could constitute health risks to humans in contact with the animals.

Avian Pathology, 2013

Outbreaks of infectious bursal disease in vaccinated chicken flocks are frequent in Nigeria. For ... more Outbreaks of infectious bursal disease in vaccinated chicken flocks are frequent in Nigeria. For the control of infectious bursal disease, live vaccines based on foreign infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strains are used. The present study investigated the phylogenetic relationship between field and vaccine IBDV strains from northwestern Nigeria. Thirty field IBDV strains and three commercial vaccines strains were characterized through sequencing the VP2 hypervariable region. In addition, the complete genome segment A coding region for two vaccines and two field strains was sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences (position 212 to 331) of IBDV strains from Nigeria and other regions of the world were aligned and possible regional and virulence markers were identified associated with VP2 minor hydrophilic peaks. Reversion to virulence of a vaccine strain with a Q to L mutation at position 253 was observed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a unique cluster of northwest Nigerian field IBDV strains alone or related to imported characterized classical and very virulent IBDV vaccines. The results suggest that when IBDV strains spread from their region of origin to a different region they mutate alongside indigenous field strains but may retain their identity on the VP2 region.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2013

The epidemiological situation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is uncertain in Nigeria, whe... more The epidemiological situation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is uncertain in Nigeria, where the disease is endemic, and the majority of outbreaks are unreported. Control measures for FMD in Nigeria are not being implemented due to the absence of locally produced vaccines and an official ban on vaccine importation. This study summarizes the findings of a 3-year study aimed at quantifying the seroprevalence of FMD, its distribution in susceptible species and the genetic diversity of FMDV isolated from the Plateau State of Nigeria. A 29% FMD prevalence was estimated using 3ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (3ABC ELISA). Farms with suspected FMD nearby, with contact with wildlife, that used drugs or FMD vaccines or with >100 animals, and animals of large ruminant species and in pastures other than nomadic grazing were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with FMD. Antibodies against five FMDV serotypes, (A, O, SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3) were detected by the virus neutralization test (VNT) at various titres (<100->800) from all tested sera from most parts of the region. This is probably the first report of the presence of FMDV SAT3 in Nigeria. Further studies to investigate the potential probable presence and prevalence of SAT 3 virus in Nigeria are required. Tissue samples collected from clinical animals were positive for FMDV. Virus isolates were sequenced and confirmed as serotype A. All of the isolates showed marked genetic homogeneity with >99% genetic identity in the VP1 region and were most closely related to a previously described virus collected from Cameroon in 2000. This study provides knowledge on the epidemiological situation of FMD in Plateau State, Nigeria, and will probably help to develop effective control and preventive strategies for the disease in Nigeria and other countries in the West African subregion.

A canine rabies virus (RABV) was isolated from a trade dog in Nigeria. Its entire genome was sequ... more A canine rabies virus (RABV) was isolated from a trade dog in Nigeria. Its entire genome was sequenced and found to be closely related to canine RABVs circulating in Africa. Sequence comparison indicates that the virus is closely related to the Africa 2 RABV lineage. The virus is now termed DRV-NG11.

African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2010

A study was carried out to determine the type of bacteria associated with bovine dermatophilosis ... more A study was carried out to determine the type of bacteria associated with bovine dermatophilosis in Zaria, Nigeria. Skin samples obtained from two hundred and eleven cattle with skin lesions suspected to be dermatophilosis were processed for bacteriology. One hundred and sixty-seven (79.1%) samples were positive for Dermatophilus congolensis, while 44 (20.9%) were negative. Both D. congolensispositive and D. congolensis-negative samples were processed for isolation of other bacteria and the data was analyzed using Chi square test. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus spp, Corynebacterium spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from both D. congolensis-positive and D. congolensis-negative scabs. However, the rate of recovery of S. aureus from D. congolensis-positive cattle was significantly (P 0.05) between the occurrence of the other isolates in D. congolensis- positive and D.congolensis-negative cattle. It ...

Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2018

1. Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Athens, GA 3060... more 1. Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602, USA 2. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria 3. African Centre of Excellence in Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria 4. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria 5. National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria

Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 2010

Dermatophilosis is an economically important disease of livestock caused by Dermatophilus congole... more Dermatophilosis is an economically important disease of livestock caused by Dermatophilus congolensis, an actinomycete Gram-positive bacterium that produces motile zoospores which invade the skin and cause an acute, sub acute or chronic skin disease resulting in an exudative epidermitis with scab formation. The organism has also been reported to be of zoonotic importance. The economic effects of the disease is seen in all facets of the livestock industry which include milk, meat, hides and skins, reproduction, draught power, besides premature culling and high cost of veterinary treatment. The presence of Dermatophilus congolensis was previously diagnosed from clinical signs, stained smears of the organism from skin scabs of infected animals and through isolation of the organism from the scabs on microbiological media. It is also rarely diagnosed through serology and animal inoculation. Beside the direct smear, which requires the presence of the characteristic morphology of the organ...

Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa, 2017

This survey was undertaken to establish the prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP... more This survey was undertaken to establish the prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Plateau State, Nigeria by screening 528 cattle for Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (Mmm) antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Sera samples were collected from 6 randomly selected local government areas (LGAs) of the State over a 14-month period (May, 2013 – June, 2014). Results showed an overall CBPP seroprevalence of 14.39% for the State. Antibodies to Mmm were detected in all the LGAs sampled with prevalence ranging from 7.50% to 31.58%, indicating a significant association (P 0.05, χ2=0.47) between the sex of cattle and seroprevalence of CBPP. This study confirms that CBPP is widespread, and the findings could serve as a baseline for initiation of effective control programmes against the disease to improve cattle health and production in the State. Key words : Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, seroprevalence, Plateau State.

Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 2013

The study was conducted to assess the level of fungal contamination of poultry houses with emphas... more The study was conducted to assess the level of fungal contamination of poultry houses with emphasis on Aspergillus species contamination of litter, feeders, drinkers and the housing materials. Ten swabs each from ten locations and materials (100) of the 10 poultry houses were collected for fungal isolation. A total of 126 fungi belonging to 5 genera were isolated from the different parts of the poultry environment viz; Aspergillus, Mucor, Candida, Rhizopusand Penecillium species with Aspergillus and Candida species having the highest frequency of isolation, 69 (54.76%) and 27 (20.93%) respectively. Three species of Aspergillus were isolated A. fumigatus (22), A. flavus (22) and A. niger (18). Fungi were isolated from all parts of the poultry sampled with a higher rate of isolation from the doors, window nets, roof and feeders. The presence of Aspergillus and Candida species which are important poultry pathogens i.e causing Aspergillosis, mycotoxicosis and Candidaisis indicates an ec...

A two-year study was carried out between February 2011 and January, 2013 to isolate and character... more A two-year study was carried out between February 2011 and January, 2013 to isolate and characterize Salmonella from cases of suspected fowl typhoid and Pullorum disease in chickens in Kaduna, Nigeria. Morganella morganii was isolated in pure culture from many of the fatal cases suspected to be fowl typhoid or Pullorum disease. Morganella morganii, a Gram-negative rod commonly found in the intestines of humans and other animals, was isolated in fatal infections in chickens by culture, isolation and biochemical characterization using conventional means and commercial kits (Microbact ® GNB 24E and api ® NH). Biochemical tests revealed that the isolates were positive for: catalase, nitrate, citrate, urease, methyl red, and indole; and negative for oxidase and Voges Proskauer; they were fermenters on Oxidative-fermentative test. Some important pathologic lesions noticed in birds at post mortem included: enlarged and congested spleen, enlarged congested and friable liver with areas of ne...

This study was carried out to isolate and characterize the causative agent of fowl typhoid in som... more This study was carried out to isolate and characterize the causative agent of fowl typhoid in some outbreaks in chickens. Seventy isolates of Salmonella Gallinarum were recovered from culturing visceral organs and cloacal swabs obtained from 30 different outbreaks affecting 29 poultry farms in 8 parts of Kaduna State, Nigeria within two years, February, 2011 – January, 2013. Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out using primers targeting invA gene which confirmed all isolates as Salmonella. Multiplex PCR was carried out to target glgC and speC genes in order to differentiate between biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum. Results showed that all the isolates possessed both genes, confirming that they were biovar Gallinarum. Ten isolates were selected and characterized by XbaI Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). The selected isolates represented farms in various parts of the three Local Government Areas (LGAs) where outbreaks occurred. Out of these ten isolates, six isolate...

The present work was carried out to isolate and identify fungi species present in dead-in-shell c... more The present work was carried out to isolate and identify fungi species present in dead-in-shell chick embryo. A total of three thousand dead-in-shell embryonated chicken eggs pooled into 300 eggs (10 eggs per group) were collected from the four hatcheries over a period of six months. The contents of the pooled eggs were inoculated onto Sabourauds Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Corn Meal Agar (CMA) slants. Out of the 300 groups of pooled eggs a total of 60 (20.00%) fungi isolates of belonging to 5 genera viz Candida, Mucour, Rhizopus, Curvularia and Penicillium making up 48.33% (29), 18.33% (11), 13.33% (8), 11.67% (7), and 8.33% (5) respectively of the fungi isolate respectively. The presence of these fungi gives an indication of the level of contamination and sanitary conditions of the hatcheries. It also indicates that fungi be a primary or secondary contributor to the embryonic mortality (dead-in-shell).