Hasan Bilgehan MAKİNECİ - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hasan Bilgehan MAKİNECİ

Those images acquired from various GSD, overlap rates (%, front, side) and different area types. ... more Those images acquired from various GSD, overlap rates (%, front, side) and different area types. DJI Phantom 4 Pro rotary-wing UAS were used for image acquisition.

Traitement du Signal, 2020

Point cloud processing is a struggled field because the points in the clouds are three-dimensiona... more Point cloud processing is a struggled field because the points in the clouds are three-dimensional and irregular distributed signals. For this reason, the points in the point clouds are mostly sampled into regularly distributed voxels in the literature. Voxelization as a pretreatment significantly accelerates the process of segmenting surfaces. The geometric cues such as plane directions (normals) in the voxels are mostly used to segment the local surfaces. However, the sampling process may include a non-planar point group (patch), which is mostly on the edges and corners, in a voxel. These voxels can cause misleading the segmentation process. In this paper, we separate the non-planar patches into planar sub-patches using k-means clustering. The largest one among the planar sub-patches replaces the normal and barycenter properties of the voxel with those of itself. We have tested this process in a successful point cloud segmentation method and measure the effects of the proposed met...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) use in the production of the map for photogrammetric purposes. Unl... more Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) use in the production of the map for photogrammetric purposes. Unlike aerial photogrammetry, UAV cameras are non-metric amateur cameras. Therefore, they need some operations to use in photogrammetry. Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms prefers for processing images because of the usage of the non-metric cameras. These algorithms generally identify key-points (via feature extraction) on the photos and match tie-points (via feature point matching) in overlap images. SfM is a photogrammetric technique that produces keypoint to match by identifying key points, such as edge-to-corner points, through high-resolution RGB photos. The scope of this study was to compare the results obtained by UAVs and the results acquired by ground truth data. In this comparison, SfM algorithm performance, the effects of flight height, overlap rate, and UAV-type on the model investigated, and significant results achieved. Additionally, the models obtained from the UAV photog...

Fotogrametride kullanilan kameralarin (metrik olmayan amator) yapacagimiz ise etkisinin yadsinama... more Fotogrametride kullanilan kameralarin (metrik olmayan amator) yapacagimiz ise etkisinin yadsinamaz oldugunu bilerek kameralari surekli olarak kalibrasyona tabi tutulmali ve raporlanmalidir. Kamera kalibrasyonunun dogrulugu, olusturulacak modeli dogrudan etkileyecegi icin en yuksek dogrulukla yapilmasi amaclanmalidir. Bu calisma kapsaminda, kamera kalibrasyonu populer yazilimlar kullanilarak kalibrasyon yapilmis, sonuclar karsilastirilmis ve bazi yorumlar yapilmistir. Kalibrasyon raporunda genel olarak bulunmasi gereken degerler ic yoneltme elemanlari (Xh, Yh, c) ve mercek distorsiyonunu ifade eden fonksiyonun polinom katsayilari (k1, k2, k3 ve p1, p2) olarak bilinir. Yakin mesafeli fotogrametrik olcum icin modern ve son kullanici sinifi dijital kameralarin kullanilabilir olmasi icin metrik kalibrasyon kritik bir on kosuldur. Bu makalede, otomatik modelleme yazilimlarina odaklanarak sensor modellemesi ve fotogrametrik kalibrasyon gozden gecirilmektedir. Genel kullanilan yontemlerin g...

Sayisal Arazi Modelleri (SAM), konu olarak bircok uygulama alani tarafindan benimsenmistir. Ozell... more Sayisal Arazi Modelleri (SAM), konu olarak bircok uygulama alani tarafindan benimsenmistir. Ozellikle sivil amacli muhendislik calismalari, cografi bilgi sistemleri gibi cesitli sektorlerde kullanilmaktadir. SAM’larin uretimi yapilirken, daima guncel olmasi gerektigi icin hizli uretilebilir olmali, kullanicilar icin yeterli dogrulukta olmali ve uretimi ekonomik olmalidir. SAM'in dogrulugunu etkileyen onemli faktorlerden birisi, tercih edilen enterpolasyon yontemidir. Bu calismada agirlikli ortalama ile enterpolasyon, polinom enterpolasyon, multikuadrik enterpolasyon, ucgenler aginda lineer enterpolasyonu, kucuk egrilikli yuzey enterpolasyonu ve en yakin komsu enterpolasyon yontemleri oncelikle teorik olarak aciklanmistir ardindan endustriyel yazilimla araziye ait noktalar modelde test edilmistir. Literaturde SAM calismalarinda sik kullanilan bu alti farkli enterpolasyon yontemlerine ait standart sapma sonuclarinin karsilastirilmasi yapilan calismada en onemli amactir. Sonuclar u...

The process of producing the orthomosaic image can be done in two different ways: image mosaicing... more The process of producing the orthomosaic image can be done in two different ways: image mosaicing and image stitching. In image stitching, there are small overlaps between images in which the images are put together. In contrast, image mosaic requires extended overlaps and a blending of several images. In this study, used images grouped by inclination are also classified according to the type of UAV used. This classification is based on the wing type of the UAS. “Rotary-Wing UAV” and “Fixed-Wing UAV" are selected as two different types at the test field. Images with different characteristics were used to produce mosaics from the algorithms. The first performance preferred a flight height of 30 m (Ground Sample Distance, 0.82 cm/pixel) with the frontal overlap of 80%, and the second performance preferred a flight height of 60 m (GSD, 1.64 cm/pixel) and same overlap. 10 images from both studies were combined in all algorithms. According to the results produced from the mosaics of...

In this study, digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from AlosPalsar data (Japanese Space Agenc... more In this study, digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from AlosPalsar data (Japanese Space Agency—JAXA), Sentinel-1A data, and Envisat ASAR data (European Space Agency—ESA) were compared by using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). In addition, AW3D30, SRTM, and ASTER GDEM (open-access DEMs) data were also included in the accuracy evaluation. The DEM accuracies were investigated in three different terrain types, namely a plain area, mountainous area and agricultural area, and compared at elevation values on a pixel-based. The accuracy obtained from the ALOS PALSAR satellite data was found to be more reliable for all three terrain types. The standard deviation and root mean square values were calculated and compared to each other. The results of the accuracy assessments showed that the best result for the plain area was obtained with the Sentinel-1A and SRTM data, for the mountainous area was obtained with the SRTM data and for agricultural area was obtained with the ALOS P...

The present study explores the question of diaspora and identity crisis of Caribbean during the p... more The present study explores the question of diaspora and identity crisis of Caribbean during the post-colonial era reflected in the novels Wide Sargasso Sea and Breath, Eyes, Memory by Jean Rhys and Edwidge Danticat respectively. In an appreciation of the major issue that how the diaspora personality of Caribbean community face the identity crisis, the study shed lights on how the diasporic sensibility revolves between the spatial and temporal location. Both writers portray the characters Antoinette and Sophie, struggling in contact land to get homeliness and identity. Antoinette suffers from a split identity and searches for a place of belonging with her mixed heritage which is both Caribbean and European. Likewise, Sophie struggles in America, a host country lacking proper language to communicate in English speaking community. She is diaspora in New York, lives in-between the place, Haiti and Brooklyn, America searching belonging. She is not satisfied having material possession in the country-America, rather she longs for homeland, Haiti. The writers portray the characters Antoinette and Sophie who undergo identity crisis and they live their lives in trauma in the island and the host country due to diaspora. Both of these characters have a sense of nostalgia, isolation and displacement. This sense of not belonging somewhere makes their life diasporic they have suffered from. Moreover, the main purpose of this research is to investigate how diaspora people have sense of longing for their homeland as shown in Wide Sargasso Sea and Breath, Eyes, Memory. In both novels, writers have constructed Sophie and Antoinette struggling for (imaginary) homeland and the novel exposes the unsuccessful attempts to recover the unhomliness despite having home due to their hybrid identity. I would first like to express my gratitude to my thesis supervisor Professor Dr. Ram Chandra Paudel, for his scholarly supervision and guidance as well as inspiration and encouragement to undertake the present study. Without his supervision and intellectual guidance, this research work would not have been in the present form. I

Today, three-dimensional (3B) urban models have begun to be used in areas such as urban planning,... more Today, three-dimensional (3B) urban models have begun to be used in areas such as urban planning, disaster management, and facility management. Many cities and municipalities have started to build their own 3D models. 3D modeling technologies are still being developed for these purposes. In the modeling, there are problems to be solved such as the quality of 3D data, integration with each other. It is a big advantage that the spatial data obtained by laser scanning method to produce 3D models in real scale and position is suitable in terms of quality and up to date and the point clouds can be easily converted to solid models. In this study, modeling, creation, development and storage of objects in different detail levels are provided. For this purpose, the Ataturk Museum located in the center of Konya province was scanned by laser scanning and a solid model was created from the point cloud. As a result, a historical documentary was made and contribution to the 3D city model was pres...

Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have made a name for themselves in photogrammetry studies ... more Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have made a name for themselves in photogrammetry studies in recent years, provide users with integrated camera systems. Identifying interior orientation parameters, such as focal coordinates, focal length and distortions, is an essential requirement for camera systems used for photogrammetric purposes. This process, which is called camera calibration, is offered automatically by software from the library. Another important known calibration method is self-calibration. Calibrating cameras by creating 2D or 3D test areas is a troublesome and grueling option. However, it is the most commonly accepted way in terms of accuracy. In this study, images were taken in different test areas (2D and 3D) to perform the calibrations of the cameras integrated on two different UAVs, namely DJI Phantom 4 Pro and Parrot Anafi. The calibration parameters determined from the images taken were compared with the calibration parameters obtained by the self-calibration method, and block adjustment was performed with ground control points marked in the study area. In order to perform performance analysis, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was determined from the control points. In conclusion, it was determined that the results of both the calibrations obtained with the test fields and those obtained with self-calibration were acceptable.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics Electronics and Computers, 2020

Expert Systems with Applications, 2020

An increase in the household debt to GDP ratio predicts lower GDP growth and higher unemployment ... more An increase in the household debt to GDP ratio predicts lower GDP growth and higher unemployment in the medium run for an unbalanced panel of 30 countries from 1960 to 2012. Low mortgage spreads are associated with an increase in the household debt to GDP ratio and a decline in subsequent GDP growth, highlighting the importance of credit supply shocks. Economic forecasters systematically over-predict GDP growth at the end of household debt booms, suggesting an important role of flawed expectations formation. The negative relation between the change in household debt to GDP and subsequent output growth is stronger for countries with less flexible exchange rate regimes. We also uncover a global household debt cycle that partly predicts the severity of the global growth slowdown after 2007. Countries with a household debt cycle more correlated with the global household debt cycle experience a sharper decline in growth after an increase in domestic household debt.

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016

Digital elevation model, showing the physical and topographical situation of the earth, is define... more Digital elevation model, showing the physical and topographical situation of the earth, is defined a tree-dimensional digital model obtained from the elevation of the surface by using of selected an appropriate interpolation method. DEMs are used in many areas such as management of natural resources, engineering and infrastructure projects, disaster and risk analysis, archaeology, security, aviation, forestry, energy, topographic mapping, landslide and flood analysis, Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Digital elevation models, which are the fundamental components of cartography, is calculated by many methods. Digital elevation models can be obtained terrestrial methods or data obtained by digitization of maps by processing the digital platform in general. Today, Digital elevation model data is generated by the processing of stereo optical satellite images, radar images (radargrammetry, interferometry) and lidar data using remote sensing and photogrammetric techniques with the he...

Turkish Journal of Geosciences, 2021

Those images acquired from various GSD, overlap rates (%, front, side) and different area types. ... more Those images acquired from various GSD, overlap rates (%, front, side) and different area types. DJI Phantom 4 Pro rotary-wing UAS were used for image acquisition.

Traitement du Signal, 2020

Point cloud processing is a struggled field because the points in the clouds are three-dimensiona... more Point cloud processing is a struggled field because the points in the clouds are three-dimensional and irregular distributed signals. For this reason, the points in the point clouds are mostly sampled into regularly distributed voxels in the literature. Voxelization as a pretreatment significantly accelerates the process of segmenting surfaces. The geometric cues such as plane directions (normals) in the voxels are mostly used to segment the local surfaces. However, the sampling process may include a non-planar point group (patch), which is mostly on the edges and corners, in a voxel. These voxels can cause misleading the segmentation process. In this paper, we separate the non-planar patches into planar sub-patches using k-means clustering. The largest one among the planar sub-patches replaces the normal and barycenter properties of the voxel with those of itself. We have tested this process in a successful point cloud segmentation method and measure the effects of the proposed met...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) use in the production of the map for photogrammetric purposes. Unl... more Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) use in the production of the map for photogrammetric purposes. Unlike aerial photogrammetry, UAV cameras are non-metric amateur cameras. Therefore, they need some operations to use in photogrammetry. Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms prefers for processing images because of the usage of the non-metric cameras. These algorithms generally identify key-points (via feature extraction) on the photos and match tie-points (via feature point matching) in overlap images. SfM is a photogrammetric technique that produces keypoint to match by identifying key points, such as edge-to-corner points, through high-resolution RGB photos. The scope of this study was to compare the results obtained by UAVs and the results acquired by ground truth data. In this comparison, SfM algorithm performance, the effects of flight height, overlap rate, and UAV-type on the model investigated, and significant results achieved. Additionally, the models obtained from the UAV photog...

Fotogrametride kullanilan kameralarin (metrik olmayan amator) yapacagimiz ise etkisinin yadsinama... more Fotogrametride kullanilan kameralarin (metrik olmayan amator) yapacagimiz ise etkisinin yadsinamaz oldugunu bilerek kameralari surekli olarak kalibrasyona tabi tutulmali ve raporlanmalidir. Kamera kalibrasyonunun dogrulugu, olusturulacak modeli dogrudan etkileyecegi icin en yuksek dogrulukla yapilmasi amaclanmalidir. Bu calisma kapsaminda, kamera kalibrasyonu populer yazilimlar kullanilarak kalibrasyon yapilmis, sonuclar karsilastirilmis ve bazi yorumlar yapilmistir. Kalibrasyon raporunda genel olarak bulunmasi gereken degerler ic yoneltme elemanlari (Xh, Yh, c) ve mercek distorsiyonunu ifade eden fonksiyonun polinom katsayilari (k1, k2, k3 ve p1, p2) olarak bilinir. Yakin mesafeli fotogrametrik olcum icin modern ve son kullanici sinifi dijital kameralarin kullanilabilir olmasi icin metrik kalibrasyon kritik bir on kosuldur. Bu makalede, otomatik modelleme yazilimlarina odaklanarak sensor modellemesi ve fotogrametrik kalibrasyon gozden gecirilmektedir. Genel kullanilan yontemlerin g...

Sayisal Arazi Modelleri (SAM), konu olarak bircok uygulama alani tarafindan benimsenmistir. Ozell... more Sayisal Arazi Modelleri (SAM), konu olarak bircok uygulama alani tarafindan benimsenmistir. Ozellikle sivil amacli muhendislik calismalari, cografi bilgi sistemleri gibi cesitli sektorlerde kullanilmaktadir. SAM’larin uretimi yapilirken, daima guncel olmasi gerektigi icin hizli uretilebilir olmali, kullanicilar icin yeterli dogrulukta olmali ve uretimi ekonomik olmalidir. SAM'in dogrulugunu etkileyen onemli faktorlerden birisi, tercih edilen enterpolasyon yontemidir. Bu calismada agirlikli ortalama ile enterpolasyon, polinom enterpolasyon, multikuadrik enterpolasyon, ucgenler aginda lineer enterpolasyonu, kucuk egrilikli yuzey enterpolasyonu ve en yakin komsu enterpolasyon yontemleri oncelikle teorik olarak aciklanmistir ardindan endustriyel yazilimla araziye ait noktalar modelde test edilmistir. Literaturde SAM calismalarinda sik kullanilan bu alti farkli enterpolasyon yontemlerine ait standart sapma sonuclarinin karsilastirilmasi yapilan calismada en onemli amactir. Sonuclar u...

The process of producing the orthomosaic image can be done in two different ways: image mosaicing... more The process of producing the orthomosaic image can be done in two different ways: image mosaicing and image stitching. In image stitching, there are small overlaps between images in which the images are put together. In contrast, image mosaic requires extended overlaps and a blending of several images. In this study, used images grouped by inclination are also classified according to the type of UAV used. This classification is based on the wing type of the UAS. “Rotary-Wing UAV” and “Fixed-Wing UAV" are selected as two different types at the test field. Images with different characteristics were used to produce mosaics from the algorithms. The first performance preferred a flight height of 30 m (Ground Sample Distance, 0.82 cm/pixel) with the frontal overlap of 80%, and the second performance preferred a flight height of 60 m (GSD, 1.64 cm/pixel) and same overlap. 10 images from both studies were combined in all algorithms. According to the results produced from the mosaics of...

In this study, digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from AlosPalsar data (Japanese Space Agenc... more In this study, digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from AlosPalsar data (Japanese Space Agency—JAXA), Sentinel-1A data, and Envisat ASAR data (European Space Agency—ESA) were compared by using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). In addition, AW3D30, SRTM, and ASTER GDEM (open-access DEMs) data were also included in the accuracy evaluation. The DEM accuracies were investigated in three different terrain types, namely a plain area, mountainous area and agricultural area, and compared at elevation values on a pixel-based. The accuracy obtained from the ALOS PALSAR satellite data was found to be more reliable for all three terrain types. The standard deviation and root mean square values were calculated and compared to each other. The results of the accuracy assessments showed that the best result for the plain area was obtained with the Sentinel-1A and SRTM data, for the mountainous area was obtained with the SRTM data and for agricultural area was obtained with the ALOS P...

The present study explores the question of diaspora and identity crisis of Caribbean during the p... more The present study explores the question of diaspora and identity crisis of Caribbean during the post-colonial era reflected in the novels Wide Sargasso Sea and Breath, Eyes, Memory by Jean Rhys and Edwidge Danticat respectively. In an appreciation of the major issue that how the diaspora personality of Caribbean community face the identity crisis, the study shed lights on how the diasporic sensibility revolves between the spatial and temporal location. Both writers portray the characters Antoinette and Sophie, struggling in contact land to get homeliness and identity. Antoinette suffers from a split identity and searches for a place of belonging with her mixed heritage which is both Caribbean and European. Likewise, Sophie struggles in America, a host country lacking proper language to communicate in English speaking community. She is diaspora in New York, lives in-between the place, Haiti and Brooklyn, America searching belonging. She is not satisfied having material possession in the country-America, rather she longs for homeland, Haiti. The writers portray the characters Antoinette and Sophie who undergo identity crisis and they live their lives in trauma in the island and the host country due to diaspora. Both of these characters have a sense of nostalgia, isolation and displacement. This sense of not belonging somewhere makes their life diasporic they have suffered from. Moreover, the main purpose of this research is to investigate how diaspora people have sense of longing for their homeland as shown in Wide Sargasso Sea and Breath, Eyes, Memory. In both novels, writers have constructed Sophie and Antoinette struggling for (imaginary) homeland and the novel exposes the unsuccessful attempts to recover the unhomliness despite having home due to their hybrid identity. I would first like to express my gratitude to my thesis supervisor Professor Dr. Ram Chandra Paudel, for his scholarly supervision and guidance as well as inspiration and encouragement to undertake the present study. Without his supervision and intellectual guidance, this research work would not have been in the present form. I

Today, three-dimensional (3B) urban models have begun to be used in areas such as urban planning,... more Today, three-dimensional (3B) urban models have begun to be used in areas such as urban planning, disaster management, and facility management. Many cities and municipalities have started to build their own 3D models. 3D modeling technologies are still being developed for these purposes. In the modeling, there are problems to be solved such as the quality of 3D data, integration with each other. It is a big advantage that the spatial data obtained by laser scanning method to produce 3D models in real scale and position is suitable in terms of quality and up to date and the point clouds can be easily converted to solid models. In this study, modeling, creation, development and storage of objects in different detail levels are provided. For this purpose, the Ataturk Museum located in the center of Konya province was scanned by laser scanning and a solid model was created from the point cloud. As a result, a historical documentary was made and contribution to the 3D city model was pres...

Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have made a name for themselves in photogrammetry studies ... more Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have made a name for themselves in photogrammetry studies in recent years, provide users with integrated camera systems. Identifying interior orientation parameters, such as focal coordinates, focal length and distortions, is an essential requirement for camera systems used for photogrammetric purposes. This process, which is called camera calibration, is offered automatically by software from the library. Another important known calibration method is self-calibration. Calibrating cameras by creating 2D or 3D test areas is a troublesome and grueling option. However, it is the most commonly accepted way in terms of accuracy. In this study, images were taken in different test areas (2D and 3D) to perform the calibrations of the cameras integrated on two different UAVs, namely DJI Phantom 4 Pro and Parrot Anafi. The calibration parameters determined from the images taken were compared with the calibration parameters obtained by the self-calibration method, and block adjustment was performed with ground control points marked in the study area. In order to perform performance analysis, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was determined from the control points. In conclusion, it was determined that the results of both the calibrations obtained with the test fields and those obtained with self-calibration were acceptable.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics Electronics and Computers, 2020

Expert Systems with Applications, 2020

An increase in the household debt to GDP ratio predicts lower GDP growth and higher unemployment ... more An increase in the household debt to GDP ratio predicts lower GDP growth and higher unemployment in the medium run for an unbalanced panel of 30 countries from 1960 to 2012. Low mortgage spreads are associated with an increase in the household debt to GDP ratio and a decline in subsequent GDP growth, highlighting the importance of credit supply shocks. Economic forecasters systematically over-predict GDP growth at the end of household debt booms, suggesting an important role of flawed expectations formation. The negative relation between the change in household debt to GDP and subsequent output growth is stronger for countries with less flexible exchange rate regimes. We also uncover a global household debt cycle that partly predicts the severity of the global growth slowdown after 2007. Countries with a household debt cycle more correlated with the global household debt cycle experience a sharper decline in growth after an increase in domestic household debt.

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016

Digital elevation model, showing the physical and topographical situation of the earth, is define... more Digital elevation model, showing the physical and topographical situation of the earth, is defined a tree-dimensional digital model obtained from the elevation of the surface by using of selected an appropriate interpolation method. DEMs are used in many areas such as management of natural resources, engineering and infrastructure projects, disaster and risk analysis, archaeology, security, aviation, forestry, energy, topographic mapping, landslide and flood analysis, Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Digital elevation models, which are the fundamental components of cartography, is calculated by many methods. Digital elevation models can be obtained terrestrial methods or data obtained by digitization of maps by processing the digital platform in general. Today, Digital elevation model data is generated by the processing of stereo optical satellite images, radar images (radargrammetry, interferometry) and lidar data using remote sensing and photogrammetric techniques with the he...

Turkish Journal of Geosciences, 2021