Hayford Odoi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Hayford Odoi

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy at the... more Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi- Ghana, 2016.

Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2016

Jo urna l o f A n tim icr o b ia l A ge nts

Environmental health insights, 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of most opportunistic nosocomial infections in Ghana. The... more Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of most opportunistic nosocomial infections in Ghana. The study sought to characterize P. aeruginosa isolates from market environments, poultry farms and clinical samples of patients from 2 district hospitals in the Ashanti region of Ghana. The genetic relatedness, plasmid profiles and antimicrobial sensitivity of the isolates were investigated. Culture based isolation and oprL gene amplification were used to confirm the identity of the isolates. Susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Random whole genome typing of the P. aeruginosa strains was done using Enterobacterial repetitive-intergenic consensus based (ERIC) PCR assay. The most active agents against P. aeruginosa isolates were ceftazidime (90%), piperacillin (85%), meropenem, cefipeme and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (81.6%). The isolates were most resistant to gentamycin (69%), ciprofloxacin (62.1%), ticarcillin (56.3%) and aztreonam (25%). About 65% (n = 38) of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolates harbored 1 to 5 plasmids with sizes ranging from 2 to 116.8 kb. A total of 27 clonal patterns were identified. Two major clones were observed with a clone showing resistance to all the test antipseudomonal agents. There is therefore a need for continued intensive surveillance to control the spread and development of resistant strains.

Research Square (Research Square), Jun 22, 2021

Background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has long been recognized as a major health problem ... more Background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has long been recognized as a major health problem occurring worldwide. The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a global health problem. MRSA is reported as one of the leading pathogens involved in increased rates of morbidity and mortality amongst patients in Ghana. This study determined the prevalence and resistance mechanisms of MRSA isolated from patients in selected hospitals in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Antibiograms of the isolates were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Antibiotic resistance genes (mecA and mecC) were detected and efflux pump activity assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microbroth dilution methods, respectively. Results: Out of 626 samples obtained from patients, S. aureus was identified in 68, representing 10.9%. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 46 (67.6%) of the S. aureus isolates of which 28 (60.9%) were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The MRSA isolates showed higher susceptibility to trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (50%) and higher resistance to oxacillin and cefoxitin (100%). mecA gene was identified in 9 (32.1%) of the MRSA isolates whereas mecC gene was absent in all the isolates. The isolates did not exhibit any multiple efflux pump activities. Conclusion: The prevalence of MDR-MRSA in S. aureus infections at healthcare facilities in the Ashanti region was found to be high. The presence of the mecA gene was identified as a possible mechanism responsible for resistance in the MRSA isolates.

Archives of Microbiology, Jan 28, 2023

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance

Background Antimicrobial resistance threatens adequate healthcare provision against infectious di... more Background Antimicrobial resistance threatens adequate healthcare provision against infectious diseases. Antibiograms, combined with patient clinical history, enable clinicians and pharmacists to select the best empirical treatments prior to culture results. Objectives To develop a local antibiogram for the Ho Teaching Hospital. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study, using data collected on bacterial isolates from January–December 2021. Samples from urine, stool, sputum, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were considered as well as, aspirates and swabs from wound, ears and vagina of patients. Bacteria were cultured on both enrichment and selective media including blood agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood and MacConkey agar, and identified by both the VITEK 2 system and routine biochemical tests. Data on routine culture and sensitivity tests performed on bacterial isolates from patient samples were retrieved from the hospital’s health information system. Data wer...

Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2021

Background. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major global health challenge. Reports on the ... more Background. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major global health challenge. Reports on the prevalence of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, a common pathogenic bacterium implicated in nosocomial infections and poultry diseases, are limited in Ghana. This study therefore sought to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa from hospitals, poultry farms, and environmental samples from the Ashanti region of Ghana. Methodology. Stool, urine, and blood samples from 364 patients from two hospitals in the Ashanti region of Ghana were randomly sampled. P. aeruginosa was isolated and confirmed using routine selective media and PCR-based oprL gene amplification. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method employing EUCAST breakpoint values was used to identify multidrug-resistant strains. The occurrence of common antibiotic inactivating enzymes and resistance encoding genes and the assessment of strain efflux capacity were investigated with double disc synergy test (DDST), imipenem-EDTA synerg...

Environmental Health Insights, 2022

Background: Leishmaniasis is a vector borne disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite... more Background: Leishmaniasis is a vector borne disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite. The presence of secondary bacterial infections in cutaneous leishmaniasis wounds exacerbate lesion development and could lead to delay in the healing process. Little is also known about the different bacteria species co-infecting leishmaniasis wounds and their sensitivity patterns in Ghana. This study sought to determine the resistance patterns of bacteria co-infecting cutaneous leishmaniasis wounds from selected communities in the Nkwanta district.Methods: Various bacteria were isolated and characterized from exudates obtained from wound swabs collected with sterile cotton tipped applicators. Confirmation of bacterial identity was done using the analytical profile index and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using agar disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards I...

Infection and drug resistance, 2017

The use of antibiotics in animal production has been associated with the development and spread o... more The use of antibiotics in animal production has been associated with the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms including commensals. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) species, which were until recently considered non-pathogenic, have been associated with opportunistic infections and high resistance to several antibiotics. This study sought to determine the prevalence, identity, and phenotypic resistance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. isolated from some selected poultry farms and farm workers in the Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, and Greater Accra regions of Ghana. Poultry litter samples and oral swabs of poultry farm workers were collected, from which bacterial species were isolated, identified, and analyzed. Various selective media were used for the presumptive identification of the different species. Confirmation of bacterial identity was done using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susc...

Journal of Advances in Microbiology

Introduction: Soil and aquatic microorganisms have been the major sources of novel antimicrobial ... more Introduction: Soil and aquatic microorganisms have been the major sources of novel antimicrobial agents over the past years. The continues use of these agents against pathogenic organisms have resulted in multi-drug resistant pathogens, hence, the need to search for new and potent antimicrobial agents. Methods: In this study, microorganisms were isolated from 24 samples collected from soil, the Kakum River (water and sediments) and the Gulf of Guinea (water and sediments). The microorganisms present in these samples were screened for their antimicrobial producing potentials. Results: A total of 138 microorganisms were isolated out of which thirty-six (36) showed growth–inhibitory activity against at least one of the test organisms used for the screening. The extract of a selected isolate, GKSE1, showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes, E. faecalis, E. coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, S. typhorium and S. dysentriae with mi...