suzette Heald - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by suzette Heald

Summary. This paper traces the development of policies dealing with HIV/AIDS in Botswana from the... more Summary. This paper traces the development of policies dealing with HIV/AIDS in Botswana from their beginning in the late 1980s to the current programme to provide population-wide anti-retroviral therapy (ARV). Using a variety of source material, including long-term ethnographic research, it seeks to account for the failure of Western-inspired approaches in dealing with the pandemic. It does this by looking at the cultural and institutional features that have created resistance to the message and inhibited effective implementation. The negative response to the first educational campaign stressing condom use is described and contextualized in terms of Tswana ideas of morality and illness. Nor, as was initially expected, did the

This paper addresses the issue of the relative absence of anthropologists in the formulation of H... more This paper addresses the issue of the relative absence of anthropologists in the formulation of HIV/AIDS policy and research in Africa. Initially, taking an historical Summaries 253 perspective, it looks at the development of the main policy-making forums in the USA before turning to the more recent establishment of UNAIDS and its dominant role in setting the agenda for Africa. The implications for anthropological research are then considered in order to shed light on the reluctance which can be discerned in the discipline to get involved in research on AIDS. Turning to specific case material, the paper then examines AIDS educational strategies in Botswana to provide an illustration of the potential insights anthropology can bring to explain the success or failure of such campaings. Stressing the importance of the cultural constructions of the disease, it shows how the western AIDS message is interpreted by local populations not as neutral scientific „fact“ but as an aspect of polit...

Meanings of Violence, 2020

Advances in Police Theory and Practice, 2009

Africa Journal of the International African Institute, 1991

1 I am very grateful to the Republic of Tanzania for giving me research clearance. I would also l... more 1 I am very grateful to the Republic of Tanzania for giving me research clearance. I would also like to thank Dr. Masanja of the University of Dar es Salaam and Dr. D. Ndagala of the Ministry of Culture for their help and advice. I am also extremely indebted to the many people in the Regional and District Administrations of Shinyanga, Mwanza and Mara who facilitated the research, as well as many other individuals and sungusungu committees who agreed to be interviewed in the course of the research.

Catalogue of South African Rock Engravings and …, 1998

Review of African Political Economy, 1985

... The importance of these questions is clearly demonstrated by Hansen and Marcussen's pape... more ... The importance of these questions is clearly demonstrated by Hansen and Marcussen's paper.Suzette Heald and Alex Hay Note We gratefully acknowledge the generosity of Mogen Buch-Hansen in sending us his working papers on tea and sugar contract farming. ...

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 1996

Journal of International Development, 2004

A comparison of HIV/AIDS policies in Botswana and Uganda is revealing. It helps to highlight the ... more A comparison of HIV/AIDS policies in Botswana and Uganda is revealing. It helps to highlight the kinds of policies that are necessary to come to terms with the pandemic in Africa, where it is already a public health disaster. It is argued that the promotion of condoms at an early stage proved to be counter-productive in Botswana, whereas the lack of condom promotion during the 1980s and early 1990s contributed to the relative success of behaviour change strategies in Uganda. Other important factors included national and locallevel leadership, the engagement (or alienation) of religious groups and local healers and, most controversially, procedures of social compliance. We end with a call for more draconian measures than are currently envisaged.

Journal of Biosocial Science, 2005

This paper traces the development of policies dealing with HIV/AIDS in Botswana from their beginn... more This paper traces the development of policies dealing with HIV/AIDS in Botswana from their beginning in the late 1980s to the current programme to provide population-wide anti-retroviral therapy (ARV). Using a variety of source material, including long-term ethnographic research, it seeks to account for the failure of Western-inspired approaches in dealing with the pandemic. It does this by looking at the cultural and institutional features that have created resistance to the message and inhibited effective implementation. The negative response to the first educational campaign stressing condom use is described and contextualized in terms of Tswana ideas of morality and illness. Nor, as was initially expected, did the introduction of free ARV therapy operate to break the silence and stigma that had developed around the disease. Take-up was very slow, and did not operate to encourage widespread testing. In 2003, key policymakers in Botswana began to argue for a break with the AIDS ‘e...

International Relations, 2007

This article deals with the history and development of sungusungu organisations in Kenyan Kuria f... more This article deals with the history and development of sungusungu organisations in Kenyan Kuria from 1998 to the present time and the radical changes it has initiated. Developing out of indigenous organisation, sungusungu arose initially to provide a means of controlling theft, particularly cattle raiding. Operating with the sanction of the district administration, local norms of crime, trial and punishment were developed, distinct from those embodied in the national penal code. Guarding their independence, groups have kept their distance from the police and judiciary to avoid the systemic corruption of those institutions. In distancing themselves from the more corrupt aspects of the state, and acting against it within their areas of operation, these groups have had far-reaching effects on local security, to the extent that their success holds out possibilities for them to extend their activities into other spheres.

Comparative Studies in Society and History, 1991

In 1975, the transnational British American Tobacco Company (BAT) set out to rapidly develop toba... more In 1975, the transnational British American Tobacco Company (BAT) set out to rapidly develop tobacco growing in four areas of smallholder production in Kenya. This move, prompted by the Kenyan firm's loss of tobacco leaf supplies from Uganda in 1972 and then Tanzania in 1976, was to prove remarkably successful. Output in the four areas chosen for production of tobacco leaf rose from 209 tons in 1975 to 4,034 tons in 1982, making Kenya self-sufficient in that crop despite a simultaneous sales campaign which doubled the domestic consumption of manufactured cigarettes over the same period. Production has continued to rise since then, with about 8,000 small-holder farmers in the scheme producing 6,000 tons of cured tobacco leaf in 1984.

Crisis States Research Centre Working Paper, 2007

Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of material published in thi... more Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy and reliability of material published in this Working Paper, the Crisis States Research Centre and LSE accept no responsibility for the veracity of claims or accuracy of information provided by contributors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published.