Hisham M Osman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Hisham M Osman
International Journal of Development Research, Jan 11, 2017
There are numerous harmful substances found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Nicotine is one of thes... more There are numerous harmful substances found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Nicotine is one of these substances that may be acquired through active and passive smoking. In man nicotine is commonly consumed via smoking cigarettes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate whether smoking has effects on kidney functions in Sudanese young students. Eighty subjects were included in this study, 40 none smoking males as the control group (healthy males) and the other 40 as smoker group, whom smoking more than 12 cigarette /day. Renal function tests were done for all participants; for investigates creatinine, urea and uric acid. Results: The results revealed that the levels of creatinine and urea were found significantly higher (P < 0.05), and the level of uric acid were found significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in smoker group when compared with the control group. Conclusions: The study concluded that, Smokers are at greater risk for kidney disease, which indicated by serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid.
The kidneys are important organs responsible for filtration, reabsorption and excretion of waste ... more The kidneys are important organs responsible for filtration, reabsorption and excretion of waste from the body. Renal failure (RF) is mainly determined by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR); the rate at which blood is filtered in the glomeruli of the kidneys. The decrease of filtration rate is detected by a decrease in or absence of urine production or determination of waste products (creatinine or urea) in the blood. Hematuria (blood loss in the urine) and proteinuria (protein loss in the urine) may be noted in relation to this failure. This study was aimed to compare the occurrence of renal failure among Sudanes people. Eighty patients with renal failure (RF) registered at hospitals in Khartoum State agreed to participate in this study between April-May / 2015. Data was collected from each patient using a specific questionnaire designed for this purpose. Results: revealed that the high percentage of RF was among men (62.5%) compared to 37.5% among females. Moreover, 40% of these patients were found to smoke cigarettes. Regarding family history, 35% of those having high percentage of RF had a family history while 65% without family history. Also of these patients 65% were reported suffering from chronic diseases before RF onset and 35% did not show any sign of disease before it. The chronic diseases included hypertension (58%), diabetes mellitus (30.7%) and heart disease (3.7 %%). In the meantime, 5% of those reported with renal failure was observed to be susceptible to other diseases. Conclusion: The study concluded that chronic disease was found to be main causes of RF and the disease was higher among officials and that a high percentage of it was reported among males and most of them without family history and non-smokers
This study is aimed to evaluate the Guar gum (GG) local and natural compound to be used as an alt... more This study is aimed to evaluate the Guar gum (GG) local and natural compound to be used as an alternative for the formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions, and evaluate its tolerance to time and temperatures. The suspending properties of the Guar gum (GG) was evaluated at different concentrations ranged between 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% to 0.7% comparatively with Xanthan gum (XG) at concentrations range from 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% to 0.8% in Metronidazole Benzoate (M. B.). Then, both suspensions were putted in different degrees of temperatures; 30°C, 40°C and 50°C. Moreover, the characterization tests were carried out on the formulated suspensions of GG and XG, using sedimentation volume, re-suspendability and viscosity. In the mean time, the values obtained from these parameters were used as basis for comparison of the suspending agents studied. The study revealed that GG is not stable at temperatures above 30°C, the flow behavior of GG showed Newtonian, which was not desirable for suspensions, ...
American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 2015
The study aimed to elucidate the status of blood constituents and the physiological body reaction... more The study aimed to elucidate the status of blood constituents and the physiological body reactions in term of core temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate in five male dromedary camels aged three to four years and weighed 350 to 420kg, housed in open yards in the experimental farm of Sudan University for Science and Technology and deprived of water for 48 hours. The results revealed significant increase (P< 0.05) in temperature, insignificant change in respiratory rate and a significant decrease in the pulse rate. With the exception to WBCs and level of glucose, the remaining blood constituents showed significant difference (P< 0.05) when compared with the control group. Of these, significant increase was found for RBCs, Urea, total protein and creatinine whereas significant decrease for the mean values of PCV and haemoglobin concentration. Based on the results achieved and the discussion undertaken in relation to data of relevant studies conducted elsewhere, the present ...
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 2019
Background: The self-medication practice (SM) has increased worldwide for treating mild ailments ... more Background: The self-medication practice (SM) has increased worldwide for treating mild ailments without medical consultation and drug prescription. Health information background and proper SM may have positive outcomes. This study is focused on the SM practice among the undergraduate health science students either medicine or paramedical students in different education levels in Sana'a City. Methods: A prospective crosssectional questionnaire was structured and validated to conduct randomly a sample of health science undergraduate students from January to April 2019 in Sana'a City-Yemen. Chi-square test and logistic regressions were the analytical methods used in this study. A 468-health science students involved in this study for 4 months form from January 2019 to April 2019. Results: The prevalence of SM practice was 90% compared with non-selfmedicating respondents (10%) as outcomes of this work. Females (93%) showed significantly higher SM practice than males (87%). The mildness of the illness (90%) and prior experience (82%) were the two most frequently reported source of drug information for self-medication in this study. Cough, common cold (88%) and headache (88%) were the most likely symptoms reported as self-medicated illnesses in the present study. The most frequently consumed medications have been analgesics (87%), common cold preparations (82%) and antipyretics (78%). Self-medication practice was noticeable among health sciences undergraduate students in Sana'a city and this referred to the mildness of the illness and previous experience. There were statistically significant differences between respondents based on gender in the present study, but there were differences, neither according to specific fields nor to educational level.
Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 2015
Many countries in the world wide banned hydroquinone in cosmetics skin lightening but it is still... more Many countries in the world wide banned hydroquinone in cosmetics skin lightening but it is still used in most of Africa countries, including Sudan. Few studies were carried out on the side effect of hydroquinone on Sudanese women. Therefore, the present study was carried out in Khartoum state in April to May/2014 to assess the awareness of Sudanese women about using hydroquinone and its probable risks. The results revealed that, highly using cosmetics containing hydroquinone by women aged between 20-29 years (78.3%) as well as by those classified as single (69.6%). The results also showed that the highest percentage of women was using it during evening (81.2%) and a high percentage of them was using it for skin lightening (65.2%), followed by elimination acne (20.3%) and about 10.1% for both skin lightening and elimination of acne and very little (4.3%) for freckle elimination. Moreover, the results showed a very high percentage of women (94.2%) used the chemical without being prescribed by doctors and about (85.5%) of them didn't know its nature and risks on human health. Consequently, (50.7%) of women have had sides effects, (44.9 %) used more than one and (44.1%) used it regularly. In addition, the results revealed that a wide range of products of this chemical was available in local market with amalico (34.8%) being highly used. The study can conclude that the awareness of Sudanese women about this compound was poor and needs to be raised by health authorities.
Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009
Dispensing iron tablets to pregnant women at antenatal clinics is a common practice in Sudan. Iro... more Dispensing iron tablets to pregnant women at antenatal clinics is a common practice in Sudan. Iron overload and, consequently, oxidative stress is a possible risk. Objective: In this study, we examined the iron status in pregnant women in correlation to pregnancy outcome. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted in Khartoum state, Sudan in the period December 2007-February 2009. Venous blood samples were obtained from 123 women at delivery. Undesirable pregnancy outcomes as preeclampsia, low birth weight, caesarean sections and preterm delivery, if any, were recorded. Serum iron and hematological parameters were determined. Results: Mothers were grouped, according to their serum iron levels, as low serum iron (LSI: < 50 µg/dl, n=14), normal serum iron (NSI: 50-170 µg/dl, n=98) and iron overload (IOL: >170 µg/dl, n=11) groups. The incidence of preeclampsia was highest among the IOL group (72.7%), followed by the LSI group (35.7%) and lowest among the NSI (19.4%) group, p=. The mean babies' birth weights were comparable among the IOL and the LSI groups but both were significantly lower than that among the NSI group. Conclusion: Iron supplementation to pregnant women must be rationalized so that women will benefit without developing undesirable effects.
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2015
Acetaminophen (APAP) a commonly used drug for decrease the fever and pain but is capable to induc... more Acetaminophen (APAP) a commonly used drug for decrease the fever and pain but is capable to induced hepatotoxicity at over dose. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of APAP on the expression of antiapoptotic and antioxidative defense genes, and whether aldose reductase over-expressing plasmid capable to protect against APAP-induced oxidative stress and cell death. APAP treatment induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity, and significantly increased aldose reductase mRNA and protein expression in mouse hepatocyte (AML-12). Unexpectedly, AML-12 cells over-expressing aldose reductase augmented APAP-induced reduction in cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH) depletion and glutathione S-transferase A2 expression. Moreover, over-expression of aldose reductase potentiated APAP induced reduction on proliferating cell nuclear antigen, B cell lymphoma-extra large (bcl-x L), catalase, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) and abolished APAP-induced B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) inductions. Further, over-expression of aldose reductase significantly abolished AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in APAP-treated cells and induced p53 expression. This results demonstrate that APAP induced toxicity in AML-12, increased aldose reductase expression, and over-expression of aldose reductase render this cell more susceptible to APAP induced oxidative stress and cell death, this probably due to inhibition AMPK or bcl-2 activity, or may due to competition between aldose reductase and glutathione reductase for NADPH. Keywords Aldose reductase Á Acetaminophen Á APAP Á Oxidative stress Á ROS Á AML-12 Abbreviations APAP Acetaminophen AMPK AMP activated protein kinase AR Aldose reductase CAT Catalase DCFH-DA 2,7 Dichlorofluorescein diacetate Gpx-1 Glutathione peroxidase-1 GSH Glutathione GSTA2 Glutathione S-transferase A2 MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide NAPQI N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
Ejc Suppl, 2010
patient groups had poorer functioning and more depression (P < 0.001). Among the patient groups, ... more patient groups had poorer functioning and more depression (P < 0.001). Among the patient groups, the LD group reported lower scores for body image (P = 0.007) and future perspective (P = 0.023) than the BCS group. In the LD group, patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy reported lower scores for future perspective and higher scores for depression than those who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001).
![Research paper thumbnail of Evidence for a pro-apoptotic function of RACK1 in human breast cancer [Letter]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/53707280/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Oncogene, 2010
We have read with great interest the recent article by , in which the authors showed that RACK1 i... more We have read with great interest the recent article by , in which the authors showed that RACK1 induced apoptosis of human colon cells by inhibiting the expression of antiapoptotic pathways and Src activity, thus leading to death of colon cancer cells.
Anticancer Research, Jun 1, 2010
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess whether open surgical excision is required foll... more The aim of this retrospective study was to assess whether open surgical excision is required following a B3 diagnosis on 11-gauge vacuum-assisted core biopsy (VACB) of radiologically indeterminate breast lesions. Patients and Methods: Twenty-four women with a histological diagnosis of the B3 category on VACB of radiologically indeterminate breast lesions were identified over a 3-year period. The VACB procedure was performed under stereotactic (n=21), ultrasound (n=2) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n=1) guidance using the Suros system. Nineteen patients underwent open surgical excision. The remaining 5 patients who had 'complete' removal of the radiological abnormality using VACB under ultrasound (n=2, papilloma) or stereotactic (n=4, atypical ductal hyperplasia) guidance were followed up clinically and radiologically. Results: The median patient age was 49 years. The disease status in three patients was upgraded to ductal carcinoma in situ at open surgical excision. The VACB showed atypical lobular hyperplasia in these 3 patients, associated with microcalcification (n=2) or mass lesion (n=1). No single case of upgrading to invasive breast cancer was identified in our series. The remaining patients (16 out of 19) had a benign biopsy. The upgrade to malignancy was significantly associated with the presence of atypical lobular hyperplasia, a BI-RADS category of 4 and incomplete removal of the radiological abnormality by VACB. After a mean follow-up of 18 months, no malignancy was detected in the 5 patients who did not undergo open surgical biopsy. Conclusion: Open surgical excision is strongly recommended for atypical lobular hyperplasia identified in VACB specimens. VACB can be a safe alternative to surgery in the treatment of B3 lesions in selected cases, providing thorough multidisciplinary discussion has taken place.
European Journal of Cancer Supplements, 2010
The purpose of this study is to show the benefits of high frequency ultrasound (US) examinations ... more The purpose of this study is to show the benefits of high frequency ultrasound (US) examinations as a part of the diagnostic procedure of suspicious mammography detected microcalcifications, especially those beyond reach of stereotaxic biopsy. Materials and Methods: 36 patients with mammographically suspicious microcalcifications underwent ultrasound examination (10−14 Mhz probe). 86% of the patients (31/36) underwent ultrasound guided fine needle cytologic aspiration and all 36 of them were subjected to biopsy. Open biopsy after preoperative marcation was conducted on 28 patients (23 US guided, 5 mammography guided preoperative marcations). 5 patients underwent stereotaxic biopsy and 3 patients open biopsies without marcation − palpable masses.
European Journal of Cancer Supplements, 2010
patient groups had poorer functioning and more depression (P < 0.001). Among the patient groups, ... more patient groups had poorer functioning and more depression (P < 0.001). Among the patient groups, the LD group reported lower scores for body image (P = 0.007) and future perspective (P = 0.023) than the BCS group. In the LD group, patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy reported lower scores for future perspective and higher scores for depression than those who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001).
Transplantation, 2003
The aim was to determine the impact of donor glomerulosclerosis on allograft outcome. The percent... more The aim was to determine the impact of donor glomerulosclerosis on allograft outcome. The percentage of glomerular sclerosis (%GS) was calculated in protocol biopsies taken at engraftment. Clinical variables were obtained from the Welsh Transplantation Research Group (WTRG) database. Of 210 allografts, 129 showed %GS=0, but 81 kidneys showed %GS between 1 and 60. Patients with %GS=0 had the highest glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at 1 year (62.0 mL/min) and the slowest deterioration of function (-3.8 mL/min per year). Patients with %GS greater than 20 had the lowest GFR at 1 year (36.0 mL/min) and the steepest rate of deterioration (-9.0 mL/min per year). The %GS of 10 alone can reduce GFR at 4 years by 8 mL/min, a similar reduction to a single rejection episode or an increase in donor age of 30 years. Actuarial 5-year graft survival for %GS=0 was 80%, and for %GS greater than 20 was 35% ( P=0.04). The findings indicate that a biopsy taken at procurement will provide information for the most appropriate allocation of a kidney.
The plant has been used for treatment of number of diseases in folklore medicine but not used for... more The plant has been used for treatment of number of diseases in folklore medicine but not used for anemia. The present study is aimed to investigate its effect on anemia and related blood indices and body weights (BWs). Materials and Methods: Two sets of Albino rats each of four groups of six animals were used in this study. In each set one group for the control and the three groups for experimental doses. Two groups of rabbits each of five animals were also used for control and experiment. In one set of Albino rats, leaves of Solenostemma argel extracted in ethanol were used to test for its effect alone although in the second set, Albino rats were used to test for anemia. However, the rabbits were tested for the effect of S. argel on blood indices and BW. Blood parameters were measured by Sysmex, electrolytes by spectrophotometer, and flame photometer and BW by Mettler balance. Measurements were conducted after 30 days. Results: The present study revealed significant increases (P < 0.05) in mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and packed cell volume (PCV) in rats provided with 600 mg/kg and PCV in the group provided with 300 mg/kg, whereas no significant changes in the group provided with 150 mg/kg. For rabbits significant increase (P < 0.05) was restricted in hemoglobin (Hb) and mean cell volume (MCV). However, no significant changes (P > 0.05) occurred in BWs of experimental animals. In the meantime, significant decreases (P < 0.01) in red blood cell counts, Hb, MCHC, PCV and Fe as well as increase in MCV occurred in those treated with Aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) alone (Al) group or Aluminum chloride co-administered with 600 mg/kg of S. argel extract (AlS) group. The results also showed significant increase (P < 0.01) in PCV and MCHC and significant decrease in MCV in group treated with AlCl 3 co-administered with plant when compared to those provided with AlCl 3 alone. Moreover, administration of plant extracts alone (S) group lead to significant increase (P < 0.05) in MCHC, PCV, K, P, and Ca when compared to the control group (CG). However, the present study concludes that S. argel is of high nutritional values and of significance in mitigating anemia.
Oncogene, 2010
We have read with great interest the recent article by , in which the authors showed that RACK1 i... more We have read with great interest the recent article by , in which the authors showed that RACK1 induced apoptosis of human colon cells by inhibiting the expression of antiapoptotic pathways and Src activity, thus leading to death of colon cancer cells.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban Journal of Peking University Health Sciences, 2013
The plant has been used for treatment of number of diseases in folklore medicine but not used for... more The plant has been used for treatment of number of diseases in folklore medicine but not used for anemia. The present study is aimed to investigate its effect on anemia and related blood indices and body weights (BWs). Materials and Methods: Two sets of Albino rats each of four groups of six animals were used in this study. In each set one group for the control and the three groups for experimental doses. Two groups of rabbits each of five animals were also used for control and experiment. In one set of Albino rats, leaves of Solenostemma argel extracted in ethanol were used to test for its effect alone although in the second set, Albino rats were used to test for anemia. However, the rabbits were tested for the effect of S. argel on blood indices and BW. Blood parameters were measured by Sysmex, electrolytes by spectrophotometer, and flame photometer and BW by Mettler balance. Measurements were conducted after 30 days. Results: The present study revealed significant increases (P < 0.05) in mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and packed cell volume (PCV) in rats provided with 600 mg/kg and PCV in the group provided with 300 mg/kg, whereas no significant changes in the group provided with 150 mg/kg. For rabbits significant increase (P < 0.05) was restricted in hemoglobin (Hb) and mean cell volume (MCV). However, no significant changes (P > 0.05) occurred in BWs of experimental animals. In the meantime, significant decreases (P < 0.01) in red blood cell counts, Hb, MCHC, PCV and Fe as well as increase in MCV occurred in those treated with Aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) alone (Al) group or Aluminum chloride co-administered with 600 mg/kg of S. argel extract (AlS) group. The results also showed significant increase (P < 0.01) in PCV and MCHC and significant decrease in MCV in group treated with AlCl 3 co-administered with plant when compared to those provided with AlCl 3 alone. Moreover, administration of plant extracts alone (S) group lead to significant increase (P < 0.05) in MCHC, PCV, K, P, and Ca when compared to the control group (CG). However, the present study concludes that S. argel is of high nutritional values and of significance in mitigating anemia.
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2007
Anticoagulated patients who need to undergo endoscopy present unique challenges to the gastroente... more Anticoagulated patients who need to undergo endoscopy present unique challenges to the gastroenterologist. The continuation of anticoagulant therapy increases the risk of haemorrhagic complications of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Reversing the anticoagulation increases the risk of thromboembolism. In our experience in various endoscopy units, there are variable policies on the management of anticoagulated patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy. To study the current practice, survey questionnaires were sent to 2320 doctors, working in 231 hospitals across the United Kingdom. Responses were obtained from 219 hospitals (94.8%), but only from 434 doctors (18.7%). The results show 40.8% endoscopists continued the patients on warfarin when performing a planned upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, whereas 26% stopped it; 33.2% gave varying reports, that is, they used their own judgement according to the disease for which the anticoagulant was being given. For planned lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, 48.7% doctors preferred to stop warfarin; 53.3% of the endoscopists stated that they have a policy in place at their hospital for both upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in anticoagulated patients; 5.5% had a policy for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy only and 6.2% for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy only. Thirty-five per cent doctors reported that they did not have any standard policy. We compared the responses from within a hospital to see whether the doctors were uniformly aware of an existing policy in their hospital. For upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, the responses were the same (either yes or no) by 51% of the doctors, whereas they were different by 49%. For lower gastrointestinal endoscopies, the same response was given by 49% of the doctors, whereas 51% gave different answers. The poor response rate from the doctors, however, makes firm interpretation of the data difficult. A wide variation in practice is seen across the country. A robust national guideline to streamline the endoscopy practice in anticoagulated patients is needed.
Corresponding author. e-mail: Hisham1212ribat@yahoo.com. This study is aimed at finding out the e... more Corresponding author. e-mail: Hisham1212ribat@yahoo.com. This study is aimed at finding out the effect of Moringa oleifera on blood parameters and body weights of albino rats (n= 24) and rabbits (n= 10). The rats were divided into four groups; a control group and three experimental groups, while the rabbits were divided into two groups; a control group and an experimental one. The three experimental groups of rats were provided consecutively with100, 200 and 300 mg M. oleifera leave extract/kg of body weight daily for 21 days, while the experimental group of rabbits with 2.5 g fresh leaves of M. oleifera/Kg of body weight which was added to their feed daily for 21 days, and the control groups were fed on their diets without M. oleifera. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets (PLT) in the third group of rats (AL 3) and red blood cells (RBCs) count, hemoglobin (Hb) and MCHC in the fourth group (AL 4) while no...
This study is carried out in Khartoum state to investigate the effect of chemotherapy and radioth... more This study is carried out in Khartoum state to investigate the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on thyroid hormones. The patients were divided into two groups; group one patients were treated with the chemotherapy and radiotherapy for short period of time (two months) and group two patients were treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for long period of time (one year), to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on thyroid gland, and to study the prevalence of cancers in Sudanese patients. The results revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two groups in thyroid hormones; Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Moreover, the study found that the highest prevalence of cancer was found in breast cancer 22.7%, second higher prevalence of cancer were found in oral cancer and intestine cancer 11.4%. In the meantime, the study found that women more susceptible to cancer than men 63.6% & 36.4% respectively.
International Journal of Development Research, Jan 11, 2017
There are numerous harmful substances found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Nicotine is one of thes... more There are numerous harmful substances found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Nicotine is one of these substances that may be acquired through active and passive smoking. In man nicotine is commonly consumed via smoking cigarettes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate whether smoking has effects on kidney functions in Sudanese young students. Eighty subjects were included in this study, 40 none smoking males as the control group (healthy males) and the other 40 as smoker group, whom smoking more than 12 cigarette /day. Renal function tests were done for all participants; for investigates creatinine, urea and uric acid. Results: The results revealed that the levels of creatinine and urea were found significantly higher (P < 0.05), and the level of uric acid were found significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in smoker group when compared with the control group. Conclusions: The study concluded that, Smokers are at greater risk for kidney disease, which indicated by serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid.
The kidneys are important organs responsible for filtration, reabsorption and excretion of waste ... more The kidneys are important organs responsible for filtration, reabsorption and excretion of waste from the body. Renal failure (RF) is mainly determined by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR); the rate at which blood is filtered in the glomeruli of the kidneys. The decrease of filtration rate is detected by a decrease in or absence of urine production or determination of waste products (creatinine or urea) in the blood. Hematuria (blood loss in the urine) and proteinuria (protein loss in the urine) may be noted in relation to this failure. This study was aimed to compare the occurrence of renal failure among Sudanes people. Eighty patients with renal failure (RF) registered at hospitals in Khartoum State agreed to participate in this study between April-May / 2015. Data was collected from each patient using a specific questionnaire designed for this purpose. Results: revealed that the high percentage of RF was among men (62.5%) compared to 37.5% among females. Moreover, 40% of these patients were found to smoke cigarettes. Regarding family history, 35% of those having high percentage of RF had a family history while 65% without family history. Also of these patients 65% were reported suffering from chronic diseases before RF onset and 35% did not show any sign of disease before it. The chronic diseases included hypertension (58%), diabetes mellitus (30.7%) and heart disease (3.7 %%). In the meantime, 5% of those reported with renal failure was observed to be susceptible to other diseases. Conclusion: The study concluded that chronic disease was found to be main causes of RF and the disease was higher among officials and that a high percentage of it was reported among males and most of them without family history and non-smokers
This study is aimed to evaluate the Guar gum (GG) local and natural compound to be used as an alt... more This study is aimed to evaluate the Guar gum (GG) local and natural compound to be used as an alternative for the formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions, and evaluate its tolerance to time and temperatures. The suspending properties of the Guar gum (GG) was evaluated at different concentrations ranged between 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% to 0.7% comparatively with Xanthan gum (XG) at concentrations range from 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% to 0.8% in Metronidazole Benzoate (M. B.). Then, both suspensions were putted in different degrees of temperatures; 30°C, 40°C and 50°C. Moreover, the characterization tests were carried out on the formulated suspensions of GG and XG, using sedimentation volume, re-suspendability and viscosity. In the mean time, the values obtained from these parameters were used as basis for comparison of the suspending agents studied. The study revealed that GG is not stable at temperatures above 30°C, the flow behavior of GG showed Newtonian, which was not desirable for suspensions, ...
American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 2015
The study aimed to elucidate the status of blood constituents and the physiological body reaction... more The study aimed to elucidate the status of blood constituents and the physiological body reactions in term of core temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate in five male dromedary camels aged three to four years and weighed 350 to 420kg, housed in open yards in the experimental farm of Sudan University for Science and Technology and deprived of water for 48 hours. The results revealed significant increase (P< 0.05) in temperature, insignificant change in respiratory rate and a significant decrease in the pulse rate. With the exception to WBCs and level of glucose, the remaining blood constituents showed significant difference (P< 0.05) when compared with the control group. Of these, significant increase was found for RBCs, Urea, total protein and creatinine whereas significant decrease for the mean values of PCV and haemoglobin concentration. Based on the results achieved and the discussion undertaken in relation to data of relevant studies conducted elsewhere, the present ...
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 2019
Background: The self-medication practice (SM) has increased worldwide for treating mild ailments ... more Background: The self-medication practice (SM) has increased worldwide for treating mild ailments without medical consultation and drug prescription. Health information background and proper SM may have positive outcomes. This study is focused on the SM practice among the undergraduate health science students either medicine or paramedical students in different education levels in Sana'a City. Methods: A prospective crosssectional questionnaire was structured and validated to conduct randomly a sample of health science undergraduate students from January to April 2019 in Sana'a City-Yemen. Chi-square test and logistic regressions were the analytical methods used in this study. A 468-health science students involved in this study for 4 months form from January 2019 to April 2019. Results: The prevalence of SM practice was 90% compared with non-selfmedicating respondents (10%) as outcomes of this work. Females (93%) showed significantly higher SM practice than males (87%). The mildness of the illness (90%) and prior experience (82%) were the two most frequently reported source of drug information for self-medication in this study. Cough, common cold (88%) and headache (88%) were the most likely symptoms reported as self-medicated illnesses in the present study. The most frequently consumed medications have been analgesics (87%), common cold preparations (82%) and antipyretics (78%). Self-medication practice was noticeable among health sciences undergraduate students in Sana'a city and this referred to the mildness of the illness and previous experience. There were statistically significant differences between respondents based on gender in the present study, but there were differences, neither according to specific fields nor to educational level.
Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 2015
Many countries in the world wide banned hydroquinone in cosmetics skin lightening but it is still... more Many countries in the world wide banned hydroquinone in cosmetics skin lightening but it is still used in most of Africa countries, including Sudan. Few studies were carried out on the side effect of hydroquinone on Sudanese women. Therefore, the present study was carried out in Khartoum state in April to May/2014 to assess the awareness of Sudanese women about using hydroquinone and its probable risks. The results revealed that, highly using cosmetics containing hydroquinone by women aged between 20-29 years (78.3%) as well as by those classified as single (69.6%). The results also showed that the highest percentage of women was using it during evening (81.2%) and a high percentage of them was using it for skin lightening (65.2%), followed by elimination acne (20.3%) and about 10.1% for both skin lightening and elimination of acne and very little (4.3%) for freckle elimination. Moreover, the results showed a very high percentage of women (94.2%) used the chemical without being prescribed by doctors and about (85.5%) of them didn't know its nature and risks on human health. Consequently, (50.7%) of women have had sides effects, (44.9 %) used more than one and (44.1%) used it regularly. In addition, the results revealed that a wide range of products of this chemical was available in local market with amalico (34.8%) being highly used. The study can conclude that the awareness of Sudanese women about this compound was poor and needs to be raised by health authorities.
Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009
Dispensing iron tablets to pregnant women at antenatal clinics is a common practice in Sudan. Iro... more Dispensing iron tablets to pregnant women at antenatal clinics is a common practice in Sudan. Iron overload and, consequently, oxidative stress is a possible risk. Objective: In this study, we examined the iron status in pregnant women in correlation to pregnancy outcome. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted in Khartoum state, Sudan in the period December 2007-February 2009. Venous blood samples were obtained from 123 women at delivery. Undesirable pregnancy outcomes as preeclampsia, low birth weight, caesarean sections and preterm delivery, if any, were recorded. Serum iron and hematological parameters were determined. Results: Mothers were grouped, according to their serum iron levels, as low serum iron (LSI: < 50 µg/dl, n=14), normal serum iron (NSI: 50-170 µg/dl, n=98) and iron overload (IOL: >170 µg/dl, n=11) groups. The incidence of preeclampsia was highest among the IOL group (72.7%), followed by the LSI group (35.7%) and lowest among the NSI (19.4%) group, p=. The mean babies' birth weights were comparable among the IOL and the LSI groups but both were significantly lower than that among the NSI group. Conclusion: Iron supplementation to pregnant women must be rationalized so that women will benefit without developing undesirable effects.
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2015
Acetaminophen (APAP) a commonly used drug for decrease the fever and pain but is capable to induc... more Acetaminophen (APAP) a commonly used drug for decrease the fever and pain but is capable to induced hepatotoxicity at over dose. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of APAP on the expression of antiapoptotic and antioxidative defense genes, and whether aldose reductase over-expressing plasmid capable to protect against APAP-induced oxidative stress and cell death. APAP treatment induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity, and significantly increased aldose reductase mRNA and protein expression in mouse hepatocyte (AML-12). Unexpectedly, AML-12 cells over-expressing aldose reductase augmented APAP-induced reduction in cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH) depletion and glutathione S-transferase A2 expression. Moreover, over-expression of aldose reductase potentiated APAP induced reduction on proliferating cell nuclear antigen, B cell lymphoma-extra large (bcl-x L), catalase, glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) and abolished APAP-induced B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) inductions. Further, over-expression of aldose reductase significantly abolished AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in APAP-treated cells and induced p53 expression. This results demonstrate that APAP induced toxicity in AML-12, increased aldose reductase expression, and over-expression of aldose reductase render this cell more susceptible to APAP induced oxidative stress and cell death, this probably due to inhibition AMPK or bcl-2 activity, or may due to competition between aldose reductase and glutathione reductase for NADPH. Keywords Aldose reductase Á Acetaminophen Á APAP Á Oxidative stress Á ROS Á AML-12 Abbreviations APAP Acetaminophen AMPK AMP activated protein kinase AR Aldose reductase CAT Catalase DCFH-DA 2,7 Dichlorofluorescein diacetate Gpx-1 Glutathione peroxidase-1 GSH Glutathione GSTA2 Glutathione S-transferase A2 MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide NAPQI N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
Ejc Suppl, 2010
patient groups had poorer functioning and more depression (P < 0.001). Among the patient groups, ... more patient groups had poorer functioning and more depression (P < 0.001). Among the patient groups, the LD group reported lower scores for body image (P = 0.007) and future perspective (P = 0.023) than the BCS group. In the LD group, patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy reported lower scores for future perspective and higher scores for depression than those who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001).
Oncogene, 2010
We have read with great interest the recent article by , in which the authors showed that RACK1 i... more We have read with great interest the recent article by , in which the authors showed that RACK1 induced apoptosis of human colon cells by inhibiting the expression of antiapoptotic pathways and Src activity, thus leading to death of colon cancer cells.
Anticancer Research, Jun 1, 2010
The aim of this retrospective study was to assess whether open surgical excision is required foll... more The aim of this retrospective study was to assess whether open surgical excision is required following a B3 diagnosis on 11-gauge vacuum-assisted core biopsy (VACB) of radiologically indeterminate breast lesions. Patients and Methods: Twenty-four women with a histological diagnosis of the B3 category on VACB of radiologically indeterminate breast lesions were identified over a 3-year period. The VACB procedure was performed under stereotactic (n=21), ultrasound (n=2) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n=1) guidance using the Suros system. Nineteen patients underwent open surgical excision. The remaining 5 patients who had 'complete' removal of the radiological abnormality using VACB under ultrasound (n=2, papilloma) or stereotactic (n=4, atypical ductal hyperplasia) guidance were followed up clinically and radiologically. Results: The median patient age was 49 years. The disease status in three patients was upgraded to ductal carcinoma in situ at open surgical excision. The VACB showed atypical lobular hyperplasia in these 3 patients, associated with microcalcification (n=2) or mass lesion (n=1). No single case of upgrading to invasive breast cancer was identified in our series. The remaining patients (16 out of 19) had a benign biopsy. The upgrade to malignancy was significantly associated with the presence of atypical lobular hyperplasia, a BI-RADS category of 4 and incomplete removal of the radiological abnormality by VACB. After a mean follow-up of 18 months, no malignancy was detected in the 5 patients who did not undergo open surgical biopsy. Conclusion: Open surgical excision is strongly recommended for atypical lobular hyperplasia identified in VACB specimens. VACB can be a safe alternative to surgery in the treatment of B3 lesions in selected cases, providing thorough multidisciplinary discussion has taken place.
European Journal of Cancer Supplements, 2010
The purpose of this study is to show the benefits of high frequency ultrasound (US) examinations ... more The purpose of this study is to show the benefits of high frequency ultrasound (US) examinations as a part of the diagnostic procedure of suspicious mammography detected microcalcifications, especially those beyond reach of stereotaxic biopsy. Materials and Methods: 36 patients with mammographically suspicious microcalcifications underwent ultrasound examination (10−14 Mhz probe). 86% of the patients (31/36) underwent ultrasound guided fine needle cytologic aspiration and all 36 of them were subjected to biopsy. Open biopsy after preoperative marcation was conducted on 28 patients (23 US guided, 5 mammography guided preoperative marcations). 5 patients underwent stereotaxic biopsy and 3 patients open biopsies without marcation − palpable masses.
European Journal of Cancer Supplements, 2010
patient groups had poorer functioning and more depression (P < 0.001). Among the patient groups, ... more patient groups had poorer functioning and more depression (P < 0.001). Among the patient groups, the LD group reported lower scores for body image (P = 0.007) and future perspective (P = 0.023) than the BCS group. In the LD group, patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy reported lower scores for future perspective and higher scores for depression than those who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001).
Transplantation, 2003
The aim was to determine the impact of donor glomerulosclerosis on allograft outcome. The percent... more The aim was to determine the impact of donor glomerulosclerosis on allograft outcome. The percentage of glomerular sclerosis (%GS) was calculated in protocol biopsies taken at engraftment. Clinical variables were obtained from the Welsh Transplantation Research Group (WTRG) database. Of 210 allografts, 129 showed %GS=0, but 81 kidneys showed %GS between 1 and 60. Patients with %GS=0 had the highest glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at 1 year (62.0 mL/min) and the slowest deterioration of function (-3.8 mL/min per year). Patients with %GS greater than 20 had the lowest GFR at 1 year (36.0 mL/min) and the steepest rate of deterioration (-9.0 mL/min per year). The %GS of 10 alone can reduce GFR at 4 years by 8 mL/min, a similar reduction to a single rejection episode or an increase in donor age of 30 years. Actuarial 5-year graft survival for %GS=0 was 80%, and for %GS greater than 20 was 35% ( P=0.04). The findings indicate that a biopsy taken at procurement will provide information for the most appropriate allocation of a kidney.
The plant has been used for treatment of number of diseases in folklore medicine but not used for... more The plant has been used for treatment of number of diseases in folklore medicine but not used for anemia. The present study is aimed to investigate its effect on anemia and related blood indices and body weights (BWs). Materials and Methods: Two sets of Albino rats each of four groups of six animals were used in this study. In each set one group for the control and the three groups for experimental doses. Two groups of rabbits each of five animals were also used for control and experiment. In one set of Albino rats, leaves of Solenostemma argel extracted in ethanol were used to test for its effect alone although in the second set, Albino rats were used to test for anemia. However, the rabbits were tested for the effect of S. argel on blood indices and BW. Blood parameters were measured by Sysmex, electrolytes by spectrophotometer, and flame photometer and BW by Mettler balance. Measurements were conducted after 30 days. Results: The present study revealed significant increases (P < 0.05) in mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and packed cell volume (PCV) in rats provided with 600 mg/kg and PCV in the group provided with 300 mg/kg, whereas no significant changes in the group provided with 150 mg/kg. For rabbits significant increase (P < 0.05) was restricted in hemoglobin (Hb) and mean cell volume (MCV). However, no significant changes (P > 0.05) occurred in BWs of experimental animals. In the meantime, significant decreases (P < 0.01) in red blood cell counts, Hb, MCHC, PCV and Fe as well as increase in MCV occurred in those treated with Aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) alone (Al) group or Aluminum chloride co-administered with 600 mg/kg of S. argel extract (AlS) group. The results also showed significant increase (P < 0.01) in PCV and MCHC and significant decrease in MCV in group treated with AlCl 3 co-administered with plant when compared to those provided with AlCl 3 alone. Moreover, administration of plant extracts alone (S) group lead to significant increase (P < 0.05) in MCHC, PCV, K, P, and Ca when compared to the control group (CG). However, the present study concludes that S. argel is of high nutritional values and of significance in mitigating anemia.
Oncogene, 2010
We have read with great interest the recent article by , in which the authors showed that RACK1 i... more We have read with great interest the recent article by , in which the authors showed that RACK1 induced apoptosis of human colon cells by inhibiting the expression of antiapoptotic pathways and Src activity, thus leading to death of colon cancer cells.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban Journal of Peking University Health Sciences, 2013
The plant has been used for treatment of number of diseases in folklore medicine but not used for... more The plant has been used for treatment of number of diseases in folklore medicine but not used for anemia. The present study is aimed to investigate its effect on anemia and related blood indices and body weights (BWs). Materials and Methods: Two sets of Albino rats each of four groups of six animals were used in this study. In each set one group for the control and the three groups for experimental doses. Two groups of rabbits each of five animals were also used for control and experiment. In one set of Albino rats, leaves of Solenostemma argel extracted in ethanol were used to test for its effect alone although in the second set, Albino rats were used to test for anemia. However, the rabbits were tested for the effect of S. argel on blood indices and BW. Blood parameters were measured by Sysmex, electrolytes by spectrophotometer, and flame photometer and BW by Mettler balance. Measurements were conducted after 30 days. Results: The present study revealed significant increases (P < 0.05) in mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and packed cell volume (PCV) in rats provided with 600 mg/kg and PCV in the group provided with 300 mg/kg, whereas no significant changes in the group provided with 150 mg/kg. For rabbits significant increase (P < 0.05) was restricted in hemoglobin (Hb) and mean cell volume (MCV). However, no significant changes (P > 0.05) occurred in BWs of experimental animals. In the meantime, significant decreases (P < 0.01) in red blood cell counts, Hb, MCHC, PCV and Fe as well as increase in MCV occurred in those treated with Aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) alone (Al) group or Aluminum chloride co-administered with 600 mg/kg of S. argel extract (AlS) group. The results also showed significant increase (P < 0.01) in PCV and MCHC and significant decrease in MCV in group treated with AlCl 3 co-administered with plant when compared to those provided with AlCl 3 alone. Moreover, administration of plant extracts alone (S) group lead to significant increase (P < 0.05) in MCHC, PCV, K, P, and Ca when compared to the control group (CG). However, the present study concludes that S. argel is of high nutritional values and of significance in mitigating anemia.
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2007
Anticoagulated patients who need to undergo endoscopy present unique challenges to the gastroente... more Anticoagulated patients who need to undergo endoscopy present unique challenges to the gastroenterologist. The continuation of anticoagulant therapy increases the risk of haemorrhagic complications of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Reversing the anticoagulation increases the risk of thromboembolism. In our experience in various endoscopy units, there are variable policies on the management of anticoagulated patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy. To study the current practice, survey questionnaires were sent to 2320 doctors, working in 231 hospitals across the United Kingdom. Responses were obtained from 219 hospitals (94.8%), but only from 434 doctors (18.7%). The results show 40.8% endoscopists continued the patients on warfarin when performing a planned upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, whereas 26% stopped it; 33.2% gave varying reports, that is, they used their own judgement according to the disease for which the anticoagulant was being given. For planned lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, 48.7% doctors preferred to stop warfarin; 53.3% of the endoscopists stated that they have a policy in place at their hospital for both upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in anticoagulated patients; 5.5% had a policy for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy only and 6.2% for lower gastrointestinal endoscopy only. Thirty-five per cent doctors reported that they did not have any standard policy. We compared the responses from within a hospital to see whether the doctors were uniformly aware of an existing policy in their hospital. For upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, the responses were the same (either yes or no) by 51% of the doctors, whereas they were different by 49%. For lower gastrointestinal endoscopies, the same response was given by 49% of the doctors, whereas 51% gave different answers. The poor response rate from the doctors, however, makes firm interpretation of the data difficult. A wide variation in practice is seen across the country. A robust national guideline to streamline the endoscopy practice in anticoagulated patients is needed.
Corresponding author. e-mail: Hisham1212ribat@yahoo.com. This study is aimed at finding out the e... more Corresponding author. e-mail: Hisham1212ribat@yahoo.com. This study is aimed at finding out the effect of Moringa oleifera on blood parameters and body weights of albino rats (n= 24) and rabbits (n= 10). The rats were divided into four groups; a control group and three experimental groups, while the rabbits were divided into two groups; a control group and an experimental one. The three experimental groups of rats were provided consecutively with100, 200 and 300 mg M. oleifera leave extract/kg of body weight daily for 21 days, while the experimental group of rabbits with 2.5 g fresh leaves of M. oleifera/Kg of body weight which was added to their feed daily for 21 days, and the control groups were fed on their diets without M. oleifera. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets (PLT) in the third group of rats (AL 3) and red blood cells (RBCs) count, hemoglobin (Hb) and MCHC in the fourth group (AL 4) while no...
This study is carried out in Khartoum state to investigate the effect of chemotherapy and radioth... more This study is carried out in Khartoum state to investigate the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on thyroid hormones. The patients were divided into two groups; group one patients were treated with the chemotherapy and radiotherapy for short period of time (two months) and group two patients were treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for long period of time (one year), to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on thyroid gland, and to study the prevalence of cancers in Sudanese patients. The results revealed no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two groups in thyroid hormones; Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Moreover, the study found that the highest prevalence of cancer was found in breast cancer 22.7%, second higher prevalence of cancer were found in oral cancer and intestine cancer 11.4%. In the meantime, the study found that women more susceptible to cancer than men 63.6% & 36.4% respectively.