Ina Beqo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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ISCTE - University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE-IUL)
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Intangibility is a critically inherent characteristic of the food service industry and even thoug... more Intangibility is a critically inherent characteristic of the food service industry and even though certain core products are offered, the overall consumption is experiential in nature, which provides an immense challenge to marketers (Kotler et al. 2010). Within the food service sector, fast food restaurants (FFRs) are developing rapidly at a global level, which is characterised by low barriers of entry, including ease of access and low investment for many businesses (Mamalis 2009). Despite these favourable entry conditions, there is little room for error as the global recession has restricted consumer spending and limited access to financial sources for restaurateurs (Kim et al. 2011). One of the key strategies used by marketers to allow such businesses as FFRs to compete and survive is the development of associations with consumers through brand management. The concept of brand management involves creation of a strong brand, enhancing its awareness and adapting it continually to c...
The second OECD Conference of Ministers responsible for SMEs (2004) stipulated the need for resea... more The second OECD Conference of Ministers responsible for SMEs (2004) stipulated the need for researchers to address women entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized enterprises. Attention is needed for the matter because women entrepreneurship has been identified as an enormous untapped source for future economic growth. Furthermore, the participation of women in entrepreneurship has traditionally been significantly lower than that of men. As a group, women – and their potential contributions to economic advances, social progress and environmental protection – have been marginalised (OECD 2012). Sixty to ninety percent of all companies in the tourism industry sectors' 'hotels' and 'travel agencies' can be catego-rised under SMEs or even micro-enterprises (Keller 2005). It is therefore fair to say that the issue of women entrepreneur-ship in SMEs is very important for the tourism industry and its further development. The OECD (2004) concluded that better qualitativ...
This research investigates women small business entrepreneurship in Albania. The purpose is to pr... more This research investigates women small business entrepreneurship in Albania. The purpose is to provide contextual information to potential future (women) entrepreneurs about how to get into business and overcome challenges. The 11 interviewed Albanian women entrepreneurs explain how they survive a difficult patriarchal society. Contemporary developments in Albania are explained and a comparison is made of recent entrepreneurship research. The results of the research show seven themes: (1) strong relationship between previous experiences and the decision to become self-employed, (2) influence of educational and family background on women’s motivation and career development, (3) gender issues relating to start-up and operating of businesses, (4) major impact of gender on financial related issues, (5) differences in creating networks between men and
women, (6) perceived negative career influence because of being women, and (7) similarities with the contextual characteristics of successful Dutch entrepreneurs as found in recent research (Gehrels 2012). Overall conclusion: Albania is developing but still has challenging conditions for women small business entrepreneurs. Further research is suggested in other developing countries.
Intangibility is a critically inherent characteristic of the food service industry and even thoug... more Intangibility is a critically inherent characteristic of the food service industry and even though certain core products are offered, the overall consumption is experiential in nature, which provides an immense challenge to marketers (Kotler et al. 2010). Within the food service sector, fast food restaurants (FFRs) are developing rapidly at a global level, which is characterised by low barriers of entry, including ease of access and low investment for many businesses (Mamalis 2009). Despite these favourable entry conditions, there is little room for error as the global recession has restricted consumer spending and limited access to financial sources for restaurateurs (Kim et al. 2011). One of the key strategies used by marketers to allow such businesses as FFRs to compete and survive is the development of associations with consumers through brand management. The concept of brand management involves creation of a strong brand, enhancing its awareness and adapting it continually to c...
The second OECD Conference of Ministers responsible for SMEs (2004) stipulated the need for resea... more The second OECD Conference of Ministers responsible for SMEs (2004) stipulated the need for researchers to address women entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized enterprises. Attention is needed for the matter because women entrepreneurship has been identified as an enormous untapped source for future economic growth. Furthermore, the participation of women in entrepreneurship has traditionally been significantly lower than that of men. As a group, women – and their potential contributions to economic advances, social progress and environmental protection – have been marginalised (OECD 2012). Sixty to ninety percent of all companies in the tourism industry sectors' 'hotels' and 'travel agencies' can be catego-rised under SMEs or even micro-enterprises (Keller 2005). It is therefore fair to say that the issue of women entrepreneur-ship in SMEs is very important for the tourism industry and its further development. The OECD (2004) concluded that better qualitativ...
This research investigates women small business entrepreneurship in Albania. The purpose is to pr... more This research investigates women small business entrepreneurship in Albania. The purpose is to provide contextual information to potential future (women) entrepreneurs about how to get into business and overcome challenges. The 11 interviewed Albanian women entrepreneurs explain how they survive a difficult patriarchal society. Contemporary developments in Albania are explained and a comparison is made of recent entrepreneurship research. The results of the research show seven themes: (1) strong relationship between previous experiences and the decision to become self-employed, (2) influence of educational and family background on women’s motivation and career development, (3) gender issues relating to start-up and operating of businesses, (4) major impact of gender on financial related issues, (5) differences in creating networks between men and
women, (6) perceived negative career influence because of being women, and (7) similarities with the contextual characteristics of successful Dutch entrepreneurs as found in recent research (Gehrels 2012). Overall conclusion: Albania is developing but still has challenging conditions for women small business entrepreneurs. Further research is suggested in other developing countries.