Isabel Goñi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Isabel Goñi
Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutricion, Mar 1, 2004
Guatemala provides an example of epidemiological superposition, in which health problems typical ... more Guatemala provides an example of epidemiological superposition, in which health problems typical of developed countries and developing countries are both observed. Nutritional deficiencies in some micronutrients like vitamin A and iron coexist alongside chronic diseases such as diabetes type II and cardiovascular diseases. The importance of black beans in the normal Guatemala diet is well known:70g per capita of black beans are consumed daily. Black beans are an important sources of protein and energy in the diet. They contain "lente" digestion carbohydrates and a high proportion of non-digested carbohydrates that may be fermented in the large intestine. Theses types of carbohydrates are associated with a low glycemic response, low serum cholesterol levels, and a decrease of colon cancer risk factors. These physiological effects may be related to colonic fermentation end products (propionic and butyric acids). Black beans also contain several antinutritional compounds (enzymatic inhibitors, haemaglutenins, saponins and phytic acid, etc.), some of them thermolabiles that are partially eliminated during culinary processes and may modify the nutritional quality of beans. Black beans play a crucial role in the etiology of several diseases in Guatemala.
![Research paper thumbnail of [Risk of Malnutrition in a Population Over 75 Years Non-Institutionalized with Functional Autonomy]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120372048/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Nutricion hospitalaria: organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion Parenteral y Enteral
Objectives: to assess the nutritional status of autonomous non-institutionalized elderly, and det... more Objectives: to assess the nutritional status of autonomous non-institutionalized elderly, and determine the relationship between malnutrition risk and social factors, diseases and quality of life of the population. Methods: cross-sectional study in 57 adults over 75 autonomous, non-institutionalized residents in Garrucha, Almería. The nutritional risk assessment was performed with the MNA questionnaire. The social risk was assessed by socio-familiar scale of Gijón, and the life expectancy was assessed by CCI questionnaire. Results: 73.7% of the population had a good nutritional status; 22.8% was at risk of malnutrition and 3.5% had malnutrition. Some subjects were at social risk and 17.5% had a probability of mortality rate of over 52% in the following three years. Most of the population was within 5 diseases. The risk of malnutrition was positively related to social risk and the number of chronic diseases. Conclusions: the elderly presented an acceptable nutritional status. However...
![Research paper thumbnail of [Quality of the diet of the spanish population over 80 years non-institutionalized]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120372047/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Nutricion hospitalaria: organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion Parenteral y Enteral
non-institutionalized older adults are a group at high risk of malnutrition. Detect nutritional p... more non-institutionalized older adults are a group at high risk of malnutrition. Detect nutritional problems through indicators of overall diet quality is a challenge for health professionals, useful for the planning of nutritional policies. determine the overall quality of the diet of the Spanish population over 80 years non-institutionalized for the promotion and enhance the quality of life of the elderly. people over 80 years from various Spanish regions, participants at the Longitudinal Aging Study from 2011 to 2013 (n = 159) were selected. Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the frequency of food consumption and the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern was used to assess the quality of the diet. the population had higher levels of HEI close to those corresponding to a healthy diet. A significant percentage of participants needed changes in the diet being older than 90 years who required a more significant dietary intervention. Most of the population met the recommendati...
Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2010
Grape seed extract (GSE) provides a concentrated source of polyphenols that have antioxidant capa... more Grape seed extract (GSE) provides a concentrated source of polyphenols that have antioxidant capacity. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of GSE at levels 0.6, 1.8 and 3.6 g kg -1 in broiler chicks (1 to 42 days) on growth performance, relative weights (pancreas, spleen and liver) and lengths (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and ceca) of digestive organs, relative weights of liver fat and abdominal fat, ileal protein digestibility, excreta extractable polyphenol digestibility, and antioxidant activity of diet and excreta. The inclusion of GSE did not affect the performance and the relative liver and pancreas weights. Relative intestinal length was reduced at 21 days of age by the inclusion of GSE. The inclusion of GSE caused an increase of relative spleen weight at 42 days of age. Ileal digestibility of crude protein was increased at 21 days of age in birds fed GSE diets. Excreta extractable polyphenol digestibility was increased at 21 and 42 days of age by the inclusion of GSE in the diets reaching values of 57 to 65% and 60 to 69%, respectively. Antioxidant activity in GSE diets and excreta exhibited higher scavenging free radical capacity at 21 and 42 days than control diet. We concluded that GSE could be a new source of antioxidant in animal nutrition.
Food Chemistry, 2009
Banana is a starchy food that contains a high proportion of undigestible compounds, such as resis... more Banana is a starchy food that contains a high proportion of undigestible compounds, such as resistant starch and non-starch polysaccharides. There is an excess of production and large quantities of bananas are lost. The objective of this study was to use unripe banana flour ...
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004
European Food Research and Technology, 2011
This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of heat treatment on polyphenolic content and... more This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of heat treatment on polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity in grape pomace (GP) and grape seed extract (GSE). GP and GSE were heat treated in a furnace or autoclaved at 100 °C for 15, 30 and 60 min. Structural modifications of the polyphenols during thermal processes were determined by HPLC-MS, and the antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS, DPPH and photochemiluminescence methods. In general, furnace thermal treatment of GSE and GP did not affect the total extractable polyphenols content, tannin content, procyanidin components and the antioxidant activity. Autoclave treatment caused an extensive hydrolysis of gallocatechin (70%), catechin (61%), epicatechin (65%), procyanidin B1 (75%) and procyanidin B2 (73%) in GSE, and an increase in gallic acid (71%), gallocatechin (100%) and epicatechin gallate (129%) in GP. Autoclave treatment did not affect the antioxidant activity of GSE or GP. It can be concluded that the effect of autoclave was more severe than furnace heat treatment modifying the phenolic profile in a different manner depending on the grape seed product used. These modifications were not related with changes in antioxidant activity.
k 45 Fecha de publicación del folleto de patente: 01.07.2000 k 74 Agente: No consta k 54 Título: ... more k 45 Fecha de publicación del folleto de patente: 01.07.2000 k 74 Agente: No consta k 54 Título: Fibra dietética conteniendo galactomananos. k 57 Resumen: Fibra dietética conteniendo galactomananos. Nuevos preparados de fibra dietética con la siguiente composición, aparte de excipientes: 1. Goma de semilla de algarroba (Ceratonia siliqua) como único constituyente. 2. Goma de semilla de mesquite (Prosopis spp) como único constituyente. en cualquier proporción, como constituyentes únicos. 4. Fórmula constituida por goma de Ceratonia y/ o Prosopis, fibra de manzana, fibra de limón, inulina y celulosa. La preparación de las fórmulas se realiza por mezcla de los componentes citados. La fórmula se puede presentar en forma de cápsulas o como granulado o comprimidos, adicionando los excipientes adecuados.
Nutrients, 2020
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and pulp are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compoun... more Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and pulp are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds (PCs) that constituent part of the indigestible fraction (IF). This fraction reaches the colon and acts as a carbon and energy source for intestinal microbiota. The effect of mango IF on intestinal microbiota during colonic fermentation is unknown. In this study, the isolated IF of a novel ‘Ataulfo’ mango-based bar (snack) UV-C irradiated and non-irradiated (UVMangoB and MangoB) were fermented. Colonic fermentation occurred in vitro under chemical-enzymatic, semi-anaerobic, batch culture and controlled pH colonic conditions. Changes in the structure of fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The community´s functional capabilities were determined in silico. The MangoB and UVMangoB increased the presence of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella, Catenibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Buttiauxella, Bifidobacterium, C...
British Journal of Nutrition, 1992
The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of apple pulp on weight and composition of... more The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of apple pulp on weight and composition of faeces. This material is rich in dietary fibre (DF;620 g dry matter/kg) and contains appreciable amounts of polyphenols. Recent reports indicate that both condensed tannins (CT) and soluble polyphenols form cross-links with protein and inhibit digestive enzymes, affecting the protein digestibility, and may produce a stimulation of endogenous nitrogen excretion. Two groups of male Wistar rats were fed on either a control diet free of DF or a diet containing 100 g apple pulp DF/kg during 7 d after a 4 d adaptation period. Body-weight and food intake were monitored daily and faeces and urine were collected once daily. DF, water content and polyphenolic compounds were measured in faeces, and N content in both faeces and urine. Faecal weight increased in the fibre group by 280 and 240% when compared with wet and dry faecal weights of animals fed on the fibre-free diet. Soluble dietary fibre ...
Ans Alimentacion Nutricion Y Salud, 2005
Nutricion Y Dietetica 2003 Isbn 84 9773 023 2 Pags 105 110, 2003
Phytochemicals - Bioactivities and Impact on Health, 2011
From a physiological point of view, foods are made up of two types of starches: digestible (DS) a... more From a physiological point of view, foods are made up of two types of starches: digestible (DS) and resistant starch (RS). Intestinal digestion rate of DS determines the glycemic index (GI). RS is not hydrolised by enzymes in the intestine, however when RS reaches large bowell, it is fermented by colonic microflora and it is transformed in short chain fatty acids, (mainly acetic, propionic and butiric), that have repercutions on health. In vitro methods to estimate starch digestion and colonic fermentability in Spanish foods are proposed to know carbohydrates functionality.
Nutrition, 2016
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the quality of life of a noninstitutionalized population aged older than 7... more OBJECTIVES To evaluate the quality of life of a noninstitutionalized population aged older than 75 y by determining nutritional and health status, and to investigate the relationship between nutritional risk and quality of life. METHODS A cross-sectional study of elderly people was conducted in Garrucha (Almería) in southern Spain. A total of 102 participants (61 women and 41 men) aged older than 75 y. The Mini Nutritional Assessment test was used to detect nutritional risk. Quality of life was assessed using the EuroQol-5D test. Body mass index, education level, physical activity, history of illness, use of medication, and smoking and alcoholic habits were also determined. RESULTS Most of the population presented an acceptable nutritional status, were functionally independent and presented a best health state evaluated by the EuroQol-5D index. However, almost 20.6% were at risk of malnutrition, especially women and participants over the age of 90 y. A significant negative association (P < 0.05) between the risk of malnutrition and index of quality of life was found. CONCLUSIONS Risk of malnutrition was common among community-dwelling older people. Participants who were malnourished or at high risk of malnutrition also had a lower rate of quality of life and greater loss of personal autonomy.
Grape pomace (GP) is a polyphenols (PP) and dietary fiber (DF) rich material. Although its compos... more Grape pomace (GP) is a polyphenols (PP) and dietary fiber (DF) rich material. Although its composition is well known, its physiological effects and bioavailability are poorly understood. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard diet supplemented with 10% GP over an eight-week period. The GP-fed rats showed higher fresh and dry stool weights and increased fat, protein and mineral excretion in feces as compared to the control group. Sixty-eight percent of soluble PP were absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, while almost all of (99%) of insoluble PP were excreted undegraded in feces improving the high bulking capacity of dietary fiber. These results could be taken into account in potential applications of this by-product as a food ingredient.
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2009
Most studies on bioavailability of phenolic antioxidants are focused in foods and beverages in wh... more Most studies on bioavailability of phenolic antioxidants are focused in foods and beverages in which they may be easily released from the food matrix, reaching a peak in plasma antioxidant capacity 1-2 h after the intake. However, plant foods contain significant amounts of polyphenols associated with dietary fiber. The aim of the present work was to seek the bioavailability of total phenolic antioxidants associated with dietary fiber by measuring plasma antioxidant capacity in human volunteers. An acute intake of 15 g of a dietary fiber rich in associated phenolic antioxidants in healthy volunteers (n= 10) increased antioxidant capacity of plasma in relation to a control group (n=4), becoming significant 8 h after the intake. This shows that phenolic antioxidants associated with dietary fiber are at least partially bioavailable in humans, although dietary fiber appears to delay their absorption. No significant changes were observed after long-term intake (16 weeks, 34 subjects). Keywords Associated antioxidants. Dietary fiber. Grape antioxidant dietary fiber. Polyphenols. Plasma antioxidant capacity Abbreviations ABTS 2,2′-azinobis-(3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulphonic) acid FRAP ferric reducing/antioxidant power GADF grape antioxidant dietary fiber PA phenolic antioxidants
British Journal of Nutrition, 2009
Grape antioxidant dietary fibre (GADF) is a grape product rich in dietary fibre and natural antio... more Grape antioxidant dietary fibre (GADF) is a grape product rich in dietary fibre and natural antioxidants. We showed previously that the GADF intake induced an epithelial hypoplasia in the rat colonic mucosa. In the present study, we propose that the antioxidant effect of GADF could modulate mucosal apoptosis via modulation of the cellular redox environment. Male Wistar rats (n20) were fed with diets containing either cellulose (control diet group) or GADF (GADF diet group) as fibre for 4 weeks. The GSH:GSSG ratio, the redox state of the GSSG/2GSH couple (Ehc), the mitochondrial and/or cytosolic antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and apoptosis were evaluated. GADF enhanced the cytosolic GSH:GSSG ratio, shifting the redox potential (Ehc) to a more pro-reducing status. Decreased Cu,ZnSOD:CAT, Cu,ZnSOD:GPx and MnSOD:GPx ratios could indicate an enhanced capacity for reducing H2O2, contribu...
British Journal of Nutrition, 2013
Grape antioxidant dietary fibre (GADF) is a grape product rich in dietary fibre and natural antio... more Grape antioxidant dietary fibre (GADF) is a grape product rich in dietary fibre and natural antioxidants. We reported previously that GADF intake reduced apoptosis and induced a pro-reducing shift in the glutathione (GSH) redox status of the rat proximal colonic mucosa. The aim of the study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-apoptotic effect of GADF and their association with the oxidative environment of the distal colonic mucosa. The ability of GADF to modify colonic crypt cell proliferation was also investigated. Male Wistar rats (n 20) were fed with diets containing either cellulose (control group) or GADF (GADF group) as fibre for 4 weeks. GADF did not modify cell proliferation but induced a significant reduction of colonic apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) and Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma extra large) were up-regulated in the mitochondria and down-regulated in the cytosol of the GADF mucosa, whereas the opposite was foun...
Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutricion, Mar 1, 2004
Guatemala provides an example of epidemiological superposition, in which health problems typical ... more Guatemala provides an example of epidemiological superposition, in which health problems typical of developed countries and developing countries are both observed. Nutritional deficiencies in some micronutrients like vitamin A and iron coexist alongside chronic diseases such as diabetes type II and cardiovascular diseases. The importance of black beans in the normal Guatemala diet is well known:70g per capita of black beans are consumed daily. Black beans are an important sources of protein and energy in the diet. They contain "lente" digestion carbohydrates and a high proportion of non-digested carbohydrates that may be fermented in the large intestine. Theses types of carbohydrates are associated with a low glycemic response, low serum cholesterol levels, and a decrease of colon cancer risk factors. These physiological effects may be related to colonic fermentation end products (propionic and butyric acids). Black beans also contain several antinutritional compounds (enzymatic inhibitors, haemaglutenins, saponins and phytic acid, etc.), some of them thermolabiles that are partially eliminated during culinary processes and may modify the nutritional quality of beans. Black beans play a crucial role in the etiology of several diseases in Guatemala.
Nutricion hospitalaria: organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion Parenteral y Enteral
Objectives: to assess the nutritional status of autonomous non-institutionalized elderly, and det... more Objectives: to assess the nutritional status of autonomous non-institutionalized elderly, and determine the relationship between malnutrition risk and social factors, diseases and quality of life of the population. Methods: cross-sectional study in 57 adults over 75 autonomous, non-institutionalized residents in Garrucha, Almería. The nutritional risk assessment was performed with the MNA questionnaire. The social risk was assessed by socio-familiar scale of Gijón, and the life expectancy was assessed by CCI questionnaire. Results: 73.7% of the population had a good nutritional status; 22.8% was at risk of malnutrition and 3.5% had malnutrition. Some subjects were at social risk and 17.5% had a probability of mortality rate of over 52% in the following three years. Most of the population was within 5 diseases. The risk of malnutrition was positively related to social risk and the number of chronic diseases. Conclusions: the elderly presented an acceptable nutritional status. However...
Nutricion hospitalaria: organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion Parenteral y Enteral
non-institutionalized older adults are a group at high risk of malnutrition. Detect nutritional p... more non-institutionalized older adults are a group at high risk of malnutrition. Detect nutritional problems through indicators of overall diet quality is a challenge for health professionals, useful for the planning of nutritional policies. determine the overall quality of the diet of the Spanish population over 80 years non-institutionalized for the promotion and enhance the quality of life of the elderly. people over 80 years from various Spanish regions, participants at the Longitudinal Aging Study from 2011 to 2013 (n = 159) were selected. Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the frequency of food consumption and the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern was used to assess the quality of the diet. the population had higher levels of HEI close to those corresponding to a healthy diet. A significant percentage of participants needed changes in the diet being older than 90 years who required a more significant dietary intervention. Most of the population met the recommendati...
Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2010
Grape seed extract (GSE) provides a concentrated source of polyphenols that have antioxidant capa... more Grape seed extract (GSE) provides a concentrated source of polyphenols that have antioxidant capacity. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of GSE at levels 0.6, 1.8 and 3.6 g kg -1 in broiler chicks (1 to 42 days) on growth performance, relative weights (pancreas, spleen and liver) and lengths (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and ceca) of digestive organs, relative weights of liver fat and abdominal fat, ileal protein digestibility, excreta extractable polyphenol digestibility, and antioxidant activity of diet and excreta. The inclusion of GSE did not affect the performance and the relative liver and pancreas weights. Relative intestinal length was reduced at 21 days of age by the inclusion of GSE. The inclusion of GSE caused an increase of relative spleen weight at 42 days of age. Ileal digestibility of crude protein was increased at 21 days of age in birds fed GSE diets. Excreta extractable polyphenol digestibility was increased at 21 and 42 days of age by the inclusion of GSE in the diets reaching values of 57 to 65% and 60 to 69%, respectively. Antioxidant activity in GSE diets and excreta exhibited higher scavenging free radical capacity at 21 and 42 days than control diet. We concluded that GSE could be a new source of antioxidant in animal nutrition.
Food Chemistry, 2009
Banana is a starchy food that contains a high proportion of undigestible compounds, such as resis... more Banana is a starchy food that contains a high proportion of undigestible compounds, such as resistant starch and non-starch polysaccharides. There is an excess of production and large quantities of bananas are lost. The objective of this study was to use unripe banana flour ...
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004
European Food Research and Technology, 2011
This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of heat treatment on polyphenolic content and... more This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of heat treatment on polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity in grape pomace (GP) and grape seed extract (GSE). GP and GSE were heat treated in a furnace or autoclaved at 100 °C for 15, 30 and 60 min. Structural modifications of the polyphenols during thermal processes were determined by HPLC-MS, and the antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS, DPPH and photochemiluminescence methods. In general, furnace thermal treatment of GSE and GP did not affect the total extractable polyphenols content, tannin content, procyanidin components and the antioxidant activity. Autoclave treatment caused an extensive hydrolysis of gallocatechin (70%), catechin (61%), epicatechin (65%), procyanidin B1 (75%) and procyanidin B2 (73%) in GSE, and an increase in gallic acid (71%), gallocatechin (100%) and epicatechin gallate (129%) in GP. Autoclave treatment did not affect the antioxidant activity of GSE or GP. It can be concluded that the effect of autoclave was more severe than furnace heat treatment modifying the phenolic profile in a different manner depending on the grape seed product used. These modifications were not related with changes in antioxidant activity.
k 45 Fecha de publicación del folleto de patente: 01.07.2000 k 74 Agente: No consta k 54 Título: ... more k 45 Fecha de publicación del folleto de patente: 01.07.2000 k 74 Agente: No consta k 54 Título: Fibra dietética conteniendo galactomananos. k 57 Resumen: Fibra dietética conteniendo galactomananos. Nuevos preparados de fibra dietética con la siguiente composición, aparte de excipientes: 1. Goma de semilla de algarroba (Ceratonia siliqua) como único constituyente. 2. Goma de semilla de mesquite (Prosopis spp) como único constituyente. en cualquier proporción, como constituyentes únicos. 4. Fórmula constituida por goma de Ceratonia y/ o Prosopis, fibra de manzana, fibra de limón, inulina y celulosa. La preparación de las fórmulas se realiza por mezcla de los componentes citados. La fórmula se puede presentar en forma de cápsulas o como granulado o comprimidos, adicionando los excipientes adecuados.
Nutrients, 2020
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and pulp are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compoun... more Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and pulp are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds (PCs) that constituent part of the indigestible fraction (IF). This fraction reaches the colon and acts as a carbon and energy source for intestinal microbiota. The effect of mango IF on intestinal microbiota during colonic fermentation is unknown. In this study, the isolated IF of a novel ‘Ataulfo’ mango-based bar (snack) UV-C irradiated and non-irradiated (UVMangoB and MangoB) were fermented. Colonic fermentation occurred in vitro under chemical-enzymatic, semi-anaerobic, batch culture and controlled pH colonic conditions. Changes in the structure of fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The community´s functional capabilities were determined in silico. The MangoB and UVMangoB increased the presence of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella, Catenibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Buttiauxella, Bifidobacterium, C...
British Journal of Nutrition, 1992
The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of apple pulp on weight and composition of... more The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of apple pulp on weight and composition of faeces. This material is rich in dietary fibre (DF;620 g dry matter/kg) and contains appreciable amounts of polyphenols. Recent reports indicate that both condensed tannins (CT) and soluble polyphenols form cross-links with protein and inhibit digestive enzymes, affecting the protein digestibility, and may produce a stimulation of endogenous nitrogen excretion. Two groups of male Wistar rats were fed on either a control diet free of DF or a diet containing 100 g apple pulp DF/kg during 7 d after a 4 d adaptation period. Body-weight and food intake were monitored daily and faeces and urine were collected once daily. DF, water content and polyphenolic compounds were measured in faeces, and N content in both faeces and urine. Faecal weight increased in the fibre group by 280 and 240% when compared with wet and dry faecal weights of animals fed on the fibre-free diet. Soluble dietary fibre ...
Ans Alimentacion Nutricion Y Salud, 2005
Nutricion Y Dietetica 2003 Isbn 84 9773 023 2 Pags 105 110, 2003
Phytochemicals - Bioactivities and Impact on Health, 2011
From a physiological point of view, foods are made up of two types of starches: digestible (DS) a... more From a physiological point of view, foods are made up of two types of starches: digestible (DS) and resistant starch (RS). Intestinal digestion rate of DS determines the glycemic index (GI). RS is not hydrolised by enzymes in the intestine, however when RS reaches large bowell, it is fermented by colonic microflora and it is transformed in short chain fatty acids, (mainly acetic, propionic and butiric), that have repercutions on health. In vitro methods to estimate starch digestion and colonic fermentability in Spanish foods are proposed to know carbohydrates functionality.
Nutrition, 2016
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the quality of life of a noninstitutionalized population aged older than 7... more OBJECTIVES To evaluate the quality of life of a noninstitutionalized population aged older than 75 y by determining nutritional and health status, and to investigate the relationship between nutritional risk and quality of life. METHODS A cross-sectional study of elderly people was conducted in Garrucha (Almería) in southern Spain. A total of 102 participants (61 women and 41 men) aged older than 75 y. The Mini Nutritional Assessment test was used to detect nutritional risk. Quality of life was assessed using the EuroQol-5D test. Body mass index, education level, physical activity, history of illness, use of medication, and smoking and alcoholic habits were also determined. RESULTS Most of the population presented an acceptable nutritional status, were functionally independent and presented a best health state evaluated by the EuroQol-5D index. However, almost 20.6% were at risk of malnutrition, especially women and participants over the age of 90 y. A significant negative association (P < 0.05) between the risk of malnutrition and index of quality of life was found. CONCLUSIONS Risk of malnutrition was common among community-dwelling older people. Participants who were malnourished or at high risk of malnutrition also had a lower rate of quality of life and greater loss of personal autonomy.
Grape pomace (GP) is a polyphenols (PP) and dietary fiber (DF) rich material. Although its compos... more Grape pomace (GP) is a polyphenols (PP) and dietary fiber (DF) rich material. Although its composition is well known, its physiological effects and bioavailability are poorly understood. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard diet supplemented with 10% GP over an eight-week period. The GP-fed rats showed higher fresh and dry stool weights and increased fat, protein and mineral excretion in feces as compared to the control group. Sixty-eight percent of soluble PP were absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, while almost all of (99%) of insoluble PP were excreted undegraded in feces improving the high bulking capacity of dietary fiber. These results could be taken into account in potential applications of this by-product as a food ingredient.
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2009
Most studies on bioavailability of phenolic antioxidants are focused in foods and beverages in wh... more Most studies on bioavailability of phenolic antioxidants are focused in foods and beverages in which they may be easily released from the food matrix, reaching a peak in plasma antioxidant capacity 1-2 h after the intake. However, plant foods contain significant amounts of polyphenols associated with dietary fiber. The aim of the present work was to seek the bioavailability of total phenolic antioxidants associated with dietary fiber by measuring plasma antioxidant capacity in human volunteers. An acute intake of 15 g of a dietary fiber rich in associated phenolic antioxidants in healthy volunteers (n= 10) increased antioxidant capacity of plasma in relation to a control group (n=4), becoming significant 8 h after the intake. This shows that phenolic antioxidants associated with dietary fiber are at least partially bioavailable in humans, although dietary fiber appears to delay their absorption. No significant changes were observed after long-term intake (16 weeks, 34 subjects). Keywords Associated antioxidants. Dietary fiber. Grape antioxidant dietary fiber. Polyphenols. Plasma antioxidant capacity Abbreviations ABTS 2,2′-azinobis-(3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulphonic) acid FRAP ferric reducing/antioxidant power GADF grape antioxidant dietary fiber PA phenolic antioxidants
British Journal of Nutrition, 2009
Grape antioxidant dietary fibre (GADF) is a grape product rich in dietary fibre and natural antio... more Grape antioxidant dietary fibre (GADF) is a grape product rich in dietary fibre and natural antioxidants. We showed previously that the GADF intake induced an epithelial hypoplasia in the rat colonic mucosa. In the present study, we propose that the antioxidant effect of GADF could modulate mucosal apoptosis via modulation of the cellular redox environment. Male Wistar rats (n20) were fed with diets containing either cellulose (control diet group) or GADF (GADF diet group) as fibre for 4 weeks. The GSH:GSSG ratio, the redox state of the GSSG/2GSH couple (Ehc), the mitochondrial and/or cytosolic antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and apoptosis were evaluated. GADF enhanced the cytosolic GSH:GSSG ratio, shifting the redox potential (Ehc) to a more pro-reducing status. Decreased Cu,ZnSOD:CAT, Cu,ZnSOD:GPx and MnSOD:GPx ratios could indicate an enhanced capacity for reducing H2O2, contribu...
British Journal of Nutrition, 2013
Grape antioxidant dietary fibre (GADF) is a grape product rich in dietary fibre and natural antio... more Grape antioxidant dietary fibre (GADF) is a grape product rich in dietary fibre and natural antioxidants. We reported previously that GADF intake reduced apoptosis and induced a pro-reducing shift in the glutathione (GSH) redox status of the rat proximal colonic mucosa. The aim of the study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-apoptotic effect of GADF and their association with the oxidative environment of the distal colonic mucosa. The ability of GADF to modify colonic crypt cell proliferation was also investigated. Male Wistar rats (n 20) were fed with diets containing either cellulose (control group) or GADF (GADF group) as fibre for 4 weeks. GADF did not modify cell proliferation but induced a significant reduction of colonic apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) and Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma extra large) were up-regulated in the mitochondria and down-regulated in the cytosol of the GADF mucosa, whereas the opposite was foun...