Isam Elkhidir - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Isam Elkhidir

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most repetitious malignancies with high mortality worl... more Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most repetitious malignancies with high mortality worldwide. JC virus (JCV) is ubiquitous Polyomavirus, with seroprevalence rates ranging from 70% to 90% in adult population. Recently the roles of JCV have been reported in many malignant tumors worldwide. The association of JCV was reported in patients with colon and rectum cancers Objective: the study was conducted to evaluate the association of JCV DNA in patients with colorectal cancer in Khartoum State. Materials and methods: A total of 70 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue block samples were collected including 33 (47.1%) male 33 (52.9%) female patients with CRC. DNA was extracted from all the samples. Nested PCR was carried out for detection of Vp1/T Ag junction genome in JCV genome by Nested-PCR assay. Results: 3/70(4.2%) samples of patients were positive for JCV DNA (P 0.522). Out of 3 samples positive for JC DNA, 2(2.8%) were males and 1(1.4%) was female. Conclusion: prevalence of JCV DNA was 4.2% among patients with CRC. Including 2.8% male and 1.4% female (p= 0.522). The subsequent TAg protein expression might explain the increased risk of colorectal cancer and requires further investigation

Annals of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Dec 31, 2018

Background: Bacterial infections affect humans causing mild to severe pneumoniae, particularly in... more Background: Bacterial infections affect humans causing mild to severe pneumoniae, particularly in immune-compromised individuals. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae among Sudanese patients in Khartoum state, Sudan. Materials and Methods: Eighty throat swab specimens were collected from patients experiencing respiratory infection. C. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila, and M. pneumoniae were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Out of the eighty specimens tested from respiratory infection L. pneumophila was detected in 43(53.8%), M. pneumoniae in 14(17.5%) and C. pneumoniae in 9 (11.3%) using multiplex PCR. Mixed infections with two or three of these organisms constituted a high proportion of these infections (15%), while single infections with L. pneumophila, M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae represented 38.8%, 3.8 % and 5% of the infections respectively, Conclusions: This is first report on molecular detection of Legionella pneumophila in Sudan. Multiplex PCR can offer a rapid method for detection of Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with respiratory tract infection in a hospital setting in Sudan.

At the end of 2010, an estimated 34 million people were living with HIV worldwide, Sub-Saharan Af... more At the end of 2010, an estimated 34 million people were living with HIV worldwide, Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most heavily affected by HIV, bout 68% of all people living with HIV resided in it. Simple robust approaches are needed to monitor the prevalence and incidence of HIV in Africa. The collection of dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper provides a powerful approach for the development of large-scale, population-based screening programs. DBS methods are particularly valuable in developing countries and isolated rural regions where resources are limited. Large numbers of field specimens can be economically collected and shipped to centralized reference laboratories for molecular and (or) serological analysis.

Introduction: Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatit... more Introduction: Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. It is a major global health problem and the most serious type of viral hepatitis. It can cause chronic liver disease and puts people at high risk of death from liver cirrhosis and cancer. Cytokines are a components of cell mediated immunity which plays a very important role in the infection. IFN-ᵞ is one of these cytokines; it is so named due to its ability to interfere with viral replication within host cells. IFNs have other functions: they activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages. They increase recognition of infection by up regulating antigen presentation to T lymphocytes; in addition to the increase in the ability of uninfected host cells to resist new infection by the virus. Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect the possible effect of hepatitis B virus infection on the alleles of IFN-γ gene, by comparing A and T alleles of interferon gamma gene of hepatitis B positive samples to negative controls. Materials and methods: Twenty five blood samples were collected from HB positive patients and from healthy controls, both confirmed by ELISA. All samples were tested for the presence or absence of A and T alleles of IFN-γ using PCR. Results and Conclusion: Both alleles were recognized more in negative controls, while the presence of a single allele was of no significant. So as a conclusion the presence of both alleles could be of a protective role against HBV infection. Moreover, changes in the IFN-γ alleles are associated with the disease progression and severity of the infection.

Future Virology, Nov 1, 2022

Research Square (Research Square), Nov 2, 2020

Background : Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a newly discovered non-enveloped, single stranded DNA vir... more Background : Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a newly discovered non-enveloped, single stranded DNA virus of high genotypic variability, detected frequently in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis of non A-G etiology.

International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, Dec 5, 2022

Background: Malaria and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are recognized cofactors in the genes... more Background: Malaria and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are recognized cofactors in the genesis of endemic Burkitt lymphoma, the most common pediatric cancer in equatorial Africa. Objective: To detect Epstein-Barr virus in malaria positive patients in Khartoum state Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State hospitals during the period from April 2018 to April 2019. Fifty specimens from malaria positive patients (16 males and 34 females) were collected and tested by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of EBV. Results: Out of the 50 malaria positive patients samples tested by PCR, EBV was detected in 5 (10%) samples. Conclusion: The rate of EBV infection among Sudanese malaria patients was low (10 %, 5/50).

Sudan journal of medical sciences, Jun 25, 2012

Background: Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) can lead to a range of clinical illnesses.... more Background: Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) can lead to a range of clinical illnesses. Hepatitis is a general term meaning inflammation of the liver and the most common cause is infection with a variety of different viruses. All of these can cause an acute disease and symptoms lasting several weeks including yellowing of the skin and eyes, dark urine, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Aim: This study examined the prevalence of sero-epidemiologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among health care workers (HCWs) in Public Teaching Hospitals in Khartoum State, in the year 2004. It attempted to determine the relation of the past medical history of blood transfusion, surgical operation, vaccination against HBV, cutter scar and tattoo with HBV infection among HCWs. Method: The study is an observational, cross sectional, facility-based study. It was conducted on stratified two-stage cluster random sample of 843 subjects. The study followed multivariate anal...

Journal of Chitin and Chitosan Science, 2014

Tissue Antigens, 2007

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the most polymorphic region of the human genome. Hu... more The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the most polymorphic region of the human genome. Human leukocyte antigen‐C (HLA‐C) genes are located in the class I region of MHC. Most polymorphisms of HLA class I antigens are present in exons 2 and 3, which encode the α1 and α2 domains of the HLA‐A heavy chain, involved in both peptide binding and HLA‐restricted recognition by the T‐cell receptor. Four new HLA‐Cw alleles were identified in the Sudanese population during HLA class I and class II sequencing‐based typing at the HLA‐C locus of case–control study of Sudanese HIV patients, in individuals from different ethnic background. Based on the localization of the affected amino acid positions in an outer loop of the α‐helix forming the side of the peptide‐binding groove, we do not expect the replacement mutations to have an effect on peptide binding or T‐cell receptor interaction.

Microbial Drug Resistance, 2011

Background. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The mo... more Background. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The molecular characteristics of M pneumoniae detected in patients hospitalized with CAP in the United States are poorly described. Methods. We performed molecular characterization of M pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs from children and adults hospitalized with CAP in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community (EPIC) study, including P1 typing, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), and macrolide susceptibility genotyping. Results. Of 216 M pneumoniae polymerase chain reaction-positive specimens, 40 (18.5%) were obtained from adults and 176 (81.5%) from children. P1 type distribution differed between adults (64% type 1 and 36% type 2) and children (84% type 1, 13% type 2, and 3% variant) (P < .05) and among sites (P < .01). Significant differences in the proportions of MLVA types 4/5/7/2 and 3/5/6/2 were also observed by age group (P < .01) and site (P < .01). A macrolide-resistant genotype was identified in 7 (3.5%) specimens, 5 of which were from patients who had recently received macrolide therapy. No significant differences in clinical characteristics were identified among patients with various strain types or between macrolide-resistant and-sensitive M pneumoniae infections. Conclusions. The P1 type 1 genotype and MLVA type 4/5/7/2 predominated, but there were differences between children and adults and among sites. Macrolide resistance was rare. Differences in strain types did not appear to be associated with differences in clinical outcomes. Whole genome sequencing of M pneumoniae may help identify better ways to characterize strains.

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Abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate the presence and the magnitude of neurologi... more Abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate the presence and the magnitude of neurological complications in AIDS patients in the Sudan. HIV is known to affect all the body systems including the central nervous system. The study was conducted at Khartoum and ...

International journal of clinical virology, Jul 24, 2020

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health threat especially in... more Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health threat especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2015, about 60 million Africans were living with chronic HBV infection [1]. Most African countries fall within the high endemicity regions [2]. Infection with HBV is usually acquired through perinatal or childhood exposure to the virus, contaminated blood transfusions or unprotected sexual contact [3] and progresses to long-term HBV infection in about 15% to 40% of cases depending on viral and host factors [4,5]. Although chronic HBV infection is commonly asymptomatic, an estimated 15% to 25% of patients will die from disease progression and complication such as liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)[4].

The study was conducted at Al Neelain University, during the period from April to June 2014. Sixt... more The study was conducted at Al Neelain University, during the period from April to June 2014. Sixty one blood samples were collected from healthy adult laboratory workers who received 3 doses of recombinant HBV vaccine. Serum samples were obtained by centrifugation and tested using ELISA to quantify the level of hepatitis B surface antibody in order to detect the responders and non-responders. DNA was extracted from plasma samples collected from the same patients and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) A&T alleles in both responders and non-responders. Out of 61 laboratory workers 54 (88.5%) were found responders and 7 (11.5%) were non-responders to hepatitis B vaccine, with higher frequency of non-responsiveness among the males, there was no association between the responsiveness and age. All responders and 85% of non-responders were positive for IFN-γ A alleles, while 28.5% of responders and 42.8% of non-responders were positive for IFN-γ T alleles. Responsiveness to hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine is affected by gender (higher in females than males) but not age or the presence of A&T allele of interferon gamma gene.

American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, May 18, 2016

Background: The present study was to investigate the polyomaviruses (BKV, JCV) in asymptomatic ki... more Background: The present study was to investigate the polyomaviruses (BKV, JCV) in asymptomatic kidney transplant recipients and to characterize the polyomaviruses circulating in Sudan. Methodology: A total of 100 plasma and 100urine samples were collected randomly from renal transplant recipients, attending Sudanese Renal Transplantation Society, at the period between September 2012 to March 2013, and subjected to polymerase chain reaction assay to detect viral DNA, urine cytology also done to identify viral inclusion (decoy cell), DNA sequencing was done for some gene to confirm the result, phylogenetic analysis of BKV, JCV based on T large gene were done MEGA 6 software. Results: Among the 100 renal transplant patients the polyomaviruses were detected in 3 urine specimens 3/100 (3%) by using urine cytology technique, that showed nuclear inclusions (decoy cells). And also detected in 32 urine specimens 32/100 (32%) while only 6/100 (6%) of virus nucleic acid had been present in their patients plasma, by using conventional PCR method. Successful sequences of BK, JCV virus on T large gene were done for 6 specimens from the virus isolate PCR products. Conclusions: This is the first report on molecular characterization that describes the circulation of polyomaviruses (BKV, JCV) in Sudan, Human polyomavirus is related to different clinical manifestations among renal transplant patients. The routine use of urine cytology and PCR on urine and plasma is a useful tool for the rapid and sensitive detection of reactivated BKV in asymptomatic recipients.