Izzet Ozturk - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Izzet Ozturk
Water Science and Technology, Nov 1, 2002
DergiPark (Istanbul University), Mar 28, 2023
Water Science and Technology, Sep 1, 1997
Landfill leachate taken from a young municipal landfill site (≈3.5 years old) containing high org... more Landfill leachate taken from a young municipal landfill site (≈3.5 years old) containing high organic contaminants (Total Organic Carbon -TOC of about 5000 mg l−1) was treated in bench-scale Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactors (ASBR) and an Anaerobic Hybrid Bed Filter (AHBF) at mesophilic conditions. Twenty months of testing has been conducted at varied influent leachate concentration of 546–5770 mgTOC l−1, Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 10–1.5 days and Solid Retention Time (SRT) of 40–9 days in ASBR's, and influent leachate concentration of 1250–4490 mgTOC l−1 and HRT of 5.1–0.9 days in AHBF. ASBR achieved 73.9% TOC removal at maximum organic loading rate of 2.8 kgTOC m−3 d−1 at 1.5 days of HRT, and 65.3% at 0.561 kgTOC kgVSS−1 d−1 of maximum specific loading rate and 2 days of HRT. The AHBF maintained 81.4% TOC removal at 1.2 kgTOC m−3 d−1 of loading and 2.4 days of HRT. Methane conversion ratio averaged 0.742 m3CH4 kgTOC−1 removed at (STP).
InTech eBooks, Apr 1, 2011
Çevre koruma harcamaları; su ve atıksu hizmetleri ile atık hizmetleri başta olmak üzere çevresel ... more Çevre koruma harcamaları; su ve atıksu hizmetleri ile atık hizmetleri başta olmak üzere çevresel hizmetler için yapılan cari ve yatırım harcamalarını kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2008-2015 yılları arasında Türkiye'nin kamu ve özel sektördeki çevre koruma harcamaları analiz edilmiştir. Bu harcamaların toplam bugünkü değeri 2018 yılı esas alındığında200 milyar TL'dir. Harcamaların %67'sini cari, %33'ünü ise yatırım harcamaları oluşturmaktadır. Çevre koruma harcamalarının büyük bir kısmı (%80) kamu sektörü tarafından gerçekleştirilmektedir. 2008-2015 yılları arasında Türkiye'deki çevre koruma harcamalarının gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYİH) içerisindeki oranı sırasıyla kamu sektörü için %0,
Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2014
Journal of waterway, port, coastal, and ocean engineering, Jul 1, 2022
Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2004
Marine Geodesy, Oct 18, 2017
ABSTRACT Marmara Sea (MS) lies in the strategic crossroad, accommodating one of the busiest shipp... more ABSTRACT Marmara Sea (MS) lies in the strategic crossroad, accommodating one of the busiest shipping routes in the world. In general, there is a two-layer current system in the MS and Turkish Straits system; the brackish waters originating in the Black Sea (BS) (18 PSU) moving southward to the Aegean Sea (AS), and a lower layer return flow of saltier Aegean waters (38.5 PSU) back to the BS. This variability poses a challenging task within the modeling perspective. In this research, 3D hydrodynamic modeling of MS is performed in order to investigate the spatial and temporal behavior of elevations between years 2000 and 2015. During the calibration process, the grid configuration, time step, and model coefficients (Manning bed roughness coefficient, a wind drag coefficient and horizontal viscosity are coefficients) are adjusted until the computed solution produced the best match to the observed data such as water surface elevations, velocities, and net discharges. To this end, a series of simulations are made. As a result, the observed and the predicted water surface elevations follow each other very closely. The developed model could accurately estimate the net discharge as well. In order to understand the behavior of MS, elevation pattern is calculated and depicted both on annual and seasonal scales. It is demonstrated that the influence of seasonally varying strong fresh water river discharges of Danube in BS have strong influence on the water mass characteristics of the MS.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, Sep 1, 2019
Journal of waterway, port, coastal, and ocean engineering, Sep 1, 2019
DergiPark (Istanbul University), Nov 7, 2022
Özet İstanbul Boğazı, Karadeniz ve Marmara Denizi'ni birbirine bağlayan doğal bir su yoludur. Boğ... more Özet İstanbul Boğazı, Karadeniz ve Marmara Denizi'ni birbirine bağlayan doğal bir su yoludur. Boğaz, Karadeniz ülkelerinin açık denizlere erişimini sağlayan tek deniz yoludur. Bu nedenle, Boğaz'da oldukça yoğun bir gemi trafiği söz konusudur. Yılda ortalama 50.000 araç Boğaz'dan geçmekte olup bunun beşte birini tehlikeli yük taşıyan kargo gemileri oluşturmaktadır. Yakın geçmişte Boğaz'da birkaç gemi kazası meydana gelmiş ve dökülen petrol deniz ekosistemleri, kıyı yapıları ve sosyo-ekonomik hayatta olumsuz etkilere yol açmıştır. Tanker kazalarından meydana gelebilecek zararları minimize etmek için, acil müdahale planlarının hazırlanması ve etkin bir şekilde uygulanması önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda 3-boyutlu hidrodinamik model ve taşınım modeli kullanılarak, İstanbul Boğazı kuzey girişinden denize verilen petrol hidrokarbonu kirleticisinin Boğaz'daki yayılımı simüle edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda hafif ham petrol (API 35) ve ağır petrol (API 12) olmak üzere farklı özellikteki iki petrol ürününün modellemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modelleme sonuçları, İstanbul Boğazı kuzey girişinden ani noktasal kaynak olarak deşarj edilen petrol hidrokarbonlarının her iki kıyı boyunca Boğaz'daki ekosistem, su kalitesi ve kıyı yapılarını önemli derecede etkileme potansiyeli olduğunu göstermektedir.
Mühendislik bilimleri ve tasarım dergisi, Sep 28, 2018
The effluents from alkaloid industry contain high levels of organic matter, alkalinity, salinity,... more The effluents from alkaloid industry contain high levels of organic matter, alkalinity, salinity, color and sulphate. The treatment of this complex industrial wastewater was attempted in two stages anaerobic reactors. The effects of COD, conductivity, pH, alkalinity, sulphate and TKN on anaerobic treatment were evaluated. When the reactors were fed with original wastewater, VFA’s were accumulated in the presence of 25,794 mg/L COD and 30.2 mS/cm conductivity of the raw opium wastewater even at OLR of 1-3 kgCOD/m3day. However, stepwise dilution was applied and COD removal of 90% was achieved at OLR of 7-8kgCOD/m3day as the conductivity and COD were reduced to 20 mS/cm 20,000 mg/L, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, highly concentrated wastewaters of opium alkaloid industry wastewaters can be treated with anaerobic digestion and significant reduction of COD can be achieved.
Water Science and Technology, May 1, 1992
Metropolitan Istanbul Wastewater Treatment System contains 14 marine outfalls, seven of which inc... more Metropolitan Istanbul Wastewater Treatment System contains 14 marine outfalls, seven of which include secondary stage biological treatment processes. The others have only mechanical treatment units including bar screens and grit chambers. Only one mechanical pre-treatment and marine disposal system, Yenikapi plant, has been operated since 1988 among these 14 plants and six of them are ready for construction. In this paper, the environmental impact of Yenikapi pretreatment and marine disposal system on the water quality of the Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmara has been investigated. Long term water quality measurements which were performed in pre-and post-dischange applications have been evaluated. Water quality parameters including pH, DO, BODs, TKN, P and total coliforms were measured at various sampling stations around the discharge points. A general evaluation of marine outfall systems to be constructed in the scope of Istanbul wastewater treatment project, on the water quality of the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus has been presented.
Water Science and Technology, Aug 1, 1996
The treatment of baker's yeast production wastewaters by a se... more The treatment of baker's yeast production wastewaters by a sequence of anaerobic and aerobic processes at the Pakmaya Izmit Plant results in the generation of three types of sludge, namely anaerobic, aerobic, and a mixture of the two. Formation of inorganic salts results in the accumulation of sludge in the bottom of the anaerobic reactors. Consequently, the volatile solids content of the sludges in the lower levels of the anaerobic reactors is lower. The higher levels of the anaerobic reactors are well mixed due to high circulation rate and biogas bubble rising. Settling and conditioning experiments were performed with all three types of sludge. The SVI values for all three types of sludge were low, indicating good settling characteristics. A high molecular cationic polyelectrolyte was found to be an effective conditioning chemical. Buchner Funnel Tests indicated that the SRF values for the anaerobic sludge were lower as compared to the aerobic sludge. The optimum dosage of the polymer for all three types of sludge was determined as 15 ml of 0.1% by weight solution per litre of sludge. Sludge thickening and dewatering with polymer conditioning have been applied successfully and economically on a full scale at the Pakmaya Plant using a combination of a rotary drum thickener and a belt filter, resulting in the production of sludge cake of 18–22% dry weight.
Continental Shelf Research
Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction (CIC 2020), 2020
Water Supply, 2020
Taste and odor in drinking water are one of the main problems of the water supply and treatment s... more Taste and odor in drinking water are one of the main problems of the water supply and treatment sector. Peroxone is an effective advanced oxidation process, which combines ozone with hydrogen peroxide to create hydroxyl radicals that decompose organic compounds. 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is one of the significant taste and odor causing compounds, which can be removed with the peroxone process. In this study, removal of a 2-MIB compound by peroxone process was investigated in a pilot-scale treatment plant and optimum operational conditions were determined. For safety reasons, it is important that residual O3 and H2O2 concentrations in the water leaving the reactor should not exceed 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Results indicate that while dissolved ozone concentration was below the indicated limit for all experiments, concentrations over 0.5 mg/L residual H2O2 were observed during the experiments with an H2O2:O3 ratio of 0.5. This limit exceedance affected the decision on the idea...
Ocean Dynamics, 2020
The Bosphorus, located at the junction of Asia and Europe, controls the transports of water, mate... more The Bosphorus, located at the junction of Asia and Europe, controls the transports of water, material, and energy between the Black Sea (BS) and the Mediterranean Sea. The Canal Istanbul (CI), planned by Republic of Turkey (TR), is a gigantic project which bisects the current European side of Istanbul, thus forming a secondary waterway parallel to the existing natural channel of the Bosphorus. The environmental impact of this project has been a major concern since the very beginning. To address this concern, a 3D hydrodynamic modeling study is carried out to investigate the impact of CI on the hydrodynamics and salinity of the northern Sea of Marmara (SM) by using the route and cross-section (CS) of canal, which was recently made public by the TR. An extensive set of model calibration is performed in a model where only the Bosphorus Strait links the Black Sea and Marmara Sea. Once the calibration process is completed, the future canal is added into the grid and new simulations are performed to analyze the influence of CI on hydrodynamics and salinities in the SM. It was found that the shallow water depth of CI is the limiting factor constraining the twolayer flow. Thus the vertical current structure of CI appears mostly as one-layer flow from the BS to the SM. One-layer flow from the SM toward the BS is rarely observed. In such cases, strong northerly storms caused water level setup at the SM and set down at the BS. Adding the CI in the model is responsible for a salinity decrease of~1 ppt in the surface layer of SM. The salinity difference between the two models decreases gradually with the depth and it diminishes at the depth of 25 m.
Water Science and Technology, Nov 1, 2002
DergiPark (Istanbul University), Mar 28, 2023
Water Science and Technology, Sep 1, 1997
Landfill leachate taken from a young municipal landfill site (≈3.5 years old) containing high org... more Landfill leachate taken from a young municipal landfill site (≈3.5 years old) containing high organic contaminants (Total Organic Carbon -TOC of about 5000 mg l−1) was treated in bench-scale Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactors (ASBR) and an Anaerobic Hybrid Bed Filter (AHBF) at mesophilic conditions. Twenty months of testing has been conducted at varied influent leachate concentration of 546–5770 mgTOC l−1, Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 10–1.5 days and Solid Retention Time (SRT) of 40–9 days in ASBR's, and influent leachate concentration of 1250–4490 mgTOC l−1 and HRT of 5.1–0.9 days in AHBF. ASBR achieved 73.9% TOC removal at maximum organic loading rate of 2.8 kgTOC m−3 d−1 at 1.5 days of HRT, and 65.3% at 0.561 kgTOC kgVSS−1 d−1 of maximum specific loading rate and 2 days of HRT. The AHBF maintained 81.4% TOC removal at 1.2 kgTOC m−3 d−1 of loading and 2.4 days of HRT. Methane conversion ratio averaged 0.742 m3CH4 kgTOC−1 removed at (STP).
InTech eBooks, Apr 1, 2011
Çevre koruma harcamaları; su ve atıksu hizmetleri ile atık hizmetleri başta olmak üzere çevresel ... more Çevre koruma harcamaları; su ve atıksu hizmetleri ile atık hizmetleri başta olmak üzere çevresel hizmetler için yapılan cari ve yatırım harcamalarını kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2008-2015 yılları arasında Türkiye'nin kamu ve özel sektördeki çevre koruma harcamaları analiz edilmiştir. Bu harcamaların toplam bugünkü değeri 2018 yılı esas alındığında200 milyar TL'dir. Harcamaların %67'sini cari, %33'ünü ise yatırım harcamaları oluşturmaktadır. Çevre koruma harcamalarının büyük bir kısmı (%80) kamu sektörü tarafından gerçekleştirilmektedir. 2008-2015 yılları arasında Türkiye'deki çevre koruma harcamalarının gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla (GSYİH) içerisindeki oranı sırasıyla kamu sektörü için %0,
Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2014
Journal of waterway, port, coastal, and ocean engineering, Jul 1, 2022
Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2004
Marine Geodesy, Oct 18, 2017
ABSTRACT Marmara Sea (MS) lies in the strategic crossroad, accommodating one of the busiest shipp... more ABSTRACT Marmara Sea (MS) lies in the strategic crossroad, accommodating one of the busiest shipping routes in the world. In general, there is a two-layer current system in the MS and Turkish Straits system; the brackish waters originating in the Black Sea (BS) (18 PSU) moving southward to the Aegean Sea (AS), and a lower layer return flow of saltier Aegean waters (38.5 PSU) back to the BS. This variability poses a challenging task within the modeling perspective. In this research, 3D hydrodynamic modeling of MS is performed in order to investigate the spatial and temporal behavior of elevations between years 2000 and 2015. During the calibration process, the grid configuration, time step, and model coefficients (Manning bed roughness coefficient, a wind drag coefficient and horizontal viscosity are coefficients) are adjusted until the computed solution produced the best match to the observed data such as water surface elevations, velocities, and net discharges. To this end, a series of simulations are made. As a result, the observed and the predicted water surface elevations follow each other very closely. The developed model could accurately estimate the net discharge as well. In order to understand the behavior of MS, elevation pattern is calculated and depicted both on annual and seasonal scales. It is demonstrated that the influence of seasonally varying strong fresh water river discharges of Danube in BS have strong influence on the water mass characteristics of the MS.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, Sep 1, 2019
Journal of waterway, port, coastal, and ocean engineering, Sep 1, 2019
DergiPark (Istanbul University), Nov 7, 2022
Özet İstanbul Boğazı, Karadeniz ve Marmara Denizi'ni birbirine bağlayan doğal bir su yoludur. Boğ... more Özet İstanbul Boğazı, Karadeniz ve Marmara Denizi'ni birbirine bağlayan doğal bir su yoludur. Boğaz, Karadeniz ülkelerinin açık denizlere erişimini sağlayan tek deniz yoludur. Bu nedenle, Boğaz'da oldukça yoğun bir gemi trafiği söz konusudur. Yılda ortalama 50.000 araç Boğaz'dan geçmekte olup bunun beşte birini tehlikeli yük taşıyan kargo gemileri oluşturmaktadır. Yakın geçmişte Boğaz'da birkaç gemi kazası meydana gelmiş ve dökülen petrol deniz ekosistemleri, kıyı yapıları ve sosyo-ekonomik hayatta olumsuz etkilere yol açmıştır. Tanker kazalarından meydana gelebilecek zararları minimize etmek için, acil müdahale planlarının hazırlanması ve etkin bir şekilde uygulanması önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda 3-boyutlu hidrodinamik model ve taşınım modeli kullanılarak, İstanbul Boğazı kuzey girişinden denize verilen petrol hidrokarbonu kirleticisinin Boğaz'daki yayılımı simüle edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda hafif ham petrol (API 35) ve ağır petrol (API 12) olmak üzere farklı özellikteki iki petrol ürününün modellemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modelleme sonuçları, İstanbul Boğazı kuzey girişinden ani noktasal kaynak olarak deşarj edilen petrol hidrokarbonlarının her iki kıyı boyunca Boğaz'daki ekosistem, su kalitesi ve kıyı yapılarını önemli derecede etkileme potansiyeli olduğunu göstermektedir.
Mühendislik bilimleri ve tasarım dergisi, Sep 28, 2018
The effluents from alkaloid industry contain high levels of organic matter, alkalinity, salinity,... more The effluents from alkaloid industry contain high levels of organic matter, alkalinity, salinity, color and sulphate. The treatment of this complex industrial wastewater was attempted in two stages anaerobic reactors. The effects of COD, conductivity, pH, alkalinity, sulphate and TKN on anaerobic treatment were evaluated. When the reactors were fed with original wastewater, VFA’s were accumulated in the presence of 25,794 mg/L COD and 30.2 mS/cm conductivity of the raw opium wastewater even at OLR of 1-3 kgCOD/m3day. However, stepwise dilution was applied and COD removal of 90% was achieved at OLR of 7-8kgCOD/m3day as the conductivity and COD were reduced to 20 mS/cm 20,000 mg/L, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, highly concentrated wastewaters of opium alkaloid industry wastewaters can be treated with anaerobic digestion and significant reduction of COD can be achieved.
Water Science and Technology, May 1, 1992
Metropolitan Istanbul Wastewater Treatment System contains 14 marine outfalls, seven of which inc... more Metropolitan Istanbul Wastewater Treatment System contains 14 marine outfalls, seven of which include secondary stage biological treatment processes. The others have only mechanical treatment units including bar screens and grit chambers. Only one mechanical pre-treatment and marine disposal system, Yenikapi plant, has been operated since 1988 among these 14 plants and six of them are ready for construction. In this paper, the environmental impact of Yenikapi pretreatment and marine disposal system on the water quality of the Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmara has been investigated. Long term water quality measurements which were performed in pre-and post-dischange applications have been evaluated. Water quality parameters including pH, DO, BODs, TKN, P and total coliforms were measured at various sampling stations around the discharge points. A general evaluation of marine outfall systems to be constructed in the scope of Istanbul wastewater treatment project, on the water quality of the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus has been presented.
Water Science and Technology, Aug 1, 1996
The treatment of baker's yeast production wastewaters by a se... more The treatment of baker's yeast production wastewaters by a sequence of anaerobic and aerobic processes at the Pakmaya Izmit Plant results in the generation of three types of sludge, namely anaerobic, aerobic, and a mixture of the two. Formation of inorganic salts results in the accumulation of sludge in the bottom of the anaerobic reactors. Consequently, the volatile solids content of the sludges in the lower levels of the anaerobic reactors is lower. The higher levels of the anaerobic reactors are well mixed due to high circulation rate and biogas bubble rising. Settling and conditioning experiments were performed with all three types of sludge. The SVI values for all three types of sludge were low, indicating good settling characteristics. A high molecular cationic polyelectrolyte was found to be an effective conditioning chemical. Buchner Funnel Tests indicated that the SRF values for the anaerobic sludge were lower as compared to the aerobic sludge. The optimum dosage of the polymer for all three types of sludge was determined as 15 ml of 0.1% by weight solution per litre of sludge. Sludge thickening and dewatering with polymer conditioning have been applied successfully and economically on a full scale at the Pakmaya Plant using a combination of a rotary drum thickener and a belt filter, resulting in the production of sludge cake of 18–22% dry weight.
Continental Shelf Research
Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction (CIC 2020), 2020
Water Supply, 2020
Taste and odor in drinking water are one of the main problems of the water supply and treatment s... more Taste and odor in drinking water are one of the main problems of the water supply and treatment sector. Peroxone is an effective advanced oxidation process, which combines ozone with hydrogen peroxide to create hydroxyl radicals that decompose organic compounds. 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is one of the significant taste and odor causing compounds, which can be removed with the peroxone process. In this study, removal of a 2-MIB compound by peroxone process was investigated in a pilot-scale treatment plant and optimum operational conditions were determined. For safety reasons, it is important that residual O3 and H2O2 concentrations in the water leaving the reactor should not exceed 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Results indicate that while dissolved ozone concentration was below the indicated limit for all experiments, concentrations over 0.5 mg/L residual H2O2 were observed during the experiments with an H2O2:O3 ratio of 0.5. This limit exceedance affected the decision on the idea...
Ocean Dynamics, 2020
The Bosphorus, located at the junction of Asia and Europe, controls the transports of water, mate... more The Bosphorus, located at the junction of Asia and Europe, controls the transports of water, material, and energy between the Black Sea (BS) and the Mediterranean Sea. The Canal Istanbul (CI), planned by Republic of Turkey (TR), is a gigantic project which bisects the current European side of Istanbul, thus forming a secondary waterway parallel to the existing natural channel of the Bosphorus. The environmental impact of this project has been a major concern since the very beginning. To address this concern, a 3D hydrodynamic modeling study is carried out to investigate the impact of CI on the hydrodynamics and salinity of the northern Sea of Marmara (SM) by using the route and cross-section (CS) of canal, which was recently made public by the TR. An extensive set of model calibration is performed in a model where only the Bosphorus Strait links the Black Sea and Marmara Sea. Once the calibration process is completed, the future canal is added into the grid and new simulations are performed to analyze the influence of CI on hydrodynamics and salinities in the SM. It was found that the shallow water depth of CI is the limiting factor constraining the twolayer flow. Thus the vertical current structure of CI appears mostly as one-layer flow from the BS to the SM. One-layer flow from the SM toward the BS is rarely observed. In such cases, strong northerly storms caused water level setup at the SM and set down at the BS. Adding the CI in the model is responsible for a salinity decrease of~1 ppt in the surface layer of SM. The salinity difference between the two models decreases gradually with the depth and it diminishes at the depth of 25 m.