Jacob Wolpin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jacob Wolpin

Research paper thumbnail of Relationships Among Board Structure, Process, and Effectiveness Do Nonprofit Boards Make a Difference? An Exploration of the

Research paper thumbnail of The reproductive effects of beta interferon therapy in pregnancy: A longitudinal cohort

Research paper thumbnail of Boards of directors in nonprofit organizations do they follow a life-cycle model?

Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Gender Differences in Work Experiences and Work and Learning Outcomes among Employees in the Manufacturing Sector in Turkey: An Exploratory Study

Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı, Sep 1, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Supervisory Empowerment Behaviors, Psychological Empowerment and Work Outcomes among Egyptian Managers and Professionals: A Preliminary Study

Journal of Intercultural Management, 2018

Objective: This research examined the relationship of perceived supervisor empowerment behaviors ... more Objective: This research examined the relationship of perceived supervisor empowerment behaviors with important work and well-being outcomes in a sample of Egyptian managers and professionals. Relatively little research has been undertaken on human resource management in Egyptian organizations and even less during and following the Arab spring. Methodology: Data were collected from 121 managerial and professional employees using anonymously completed questionnaires. Respondents were relatively young, had university educations, had short job and organizational tenures, and held lower level -management jobs. All measures used here had been used and validated previously by other researchers. Findings: Work outcomes included job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work engagement, exhibiting voice behaviors, workplace learning opportunities, psychological well-being and intent to quit. Employee perceptions of supervisory empowering behaviors predicted their levels of psychological ...

Research paper thumbnail of Hospital restructuring and downsizing: Effects on nursing staff well-being and perceived hospital functioning

Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Do nonprofit boards make a difference? An exploration of the relationships among board structure, process, and effectiveness”, MNonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 21(3

The contribution of board structure and process dynamics to organiza-tional and board effectivene... more The contribution of board structure and process dynamics to organiza-tional and board effectiveness is the focus of this article. Based on data collected from a cross section of Canadian nonprofit organizations, the results show a positive association between the perception of board effec-tiveness and the use of many of the most widely advocated prescriptions on how a nonprofit board of directors should operate. However, when objective indicators of organizational performance are examined, the link between performance and board behaviors is found to be more limited. Most people assume that the board of a voluntary, nonprofit organization makes a difference for the organization with which it is associated (Carver, 1990). The literature on board of directors effectiveness is growing, and the characteristics of effective boards are being identified (see, for example, Knauft, Berger, and Gray, 1991). Much of the existing literature is prescrip-tive; in addition, it often draws on person...

Research paper thumbnail of Problem Electronic Device Use in a Representative Sample of Adults in Ontario

There is growing evidence of correlations between the amount of time spent using electronic devic... more There is growing evidence of correlations between the amount of time spent using electronic devices in leisure and negative health outcomes. However, studies often lack indicators of problematic technology use, rarely investigate relationships between such problem use patterns and indicators of poor mental health, and use samples that are unrepresentative of the adult population. Using a representative telephone survey of adults, we applied the Problem Electronic Device Use (PEDU) scale to estimate the level of PEDU in Ontario, Canada, and the associations between PEDU scores and a wide range of outcomes with a series of multivariate logistic regressions. We found an average weekly electronic device use of 15.57 hr, excluding work or school, and moderate to severe problem technology use among 7.9% of the adult population. Moderate to severe PEDU was significantly associated with suicidal ideation, serious psychological distress, problem alcohol use, and treatment for anxiety. Impli...

Research paper thumbnail of Well-Being and

www.ejop.org Hospital restructuring and downsizing: Effects on nursing staff

Research paper thumbnail of Neurodevelopment of adopted children exposed in utero to cocaine: the Toronto Adoption Study

Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale, 2001

BACKGROUND Published studies of children's neurodevelopment after in utero exposure to cocain... more BACKGROUND Published studies of children's neurodevelopment after in utero exposure to cocaine have not separated intrauterine from postnatal environmental effects as cocaine-using mothers cluster in low socioeconomic classes and have other risk factors. METHODS To overcome this limitation, a study was done to assess physical and neurodevelopmental characteristics of 52 children: 26 were adopted by parents who sought counselling in the Motherisk Program at the University of Toronto for prenatal cocaine exposure, and 26 were controls matched for maternal intelligence quotient (IQ), socioeconomic status and gestational age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Head circumference, McCarthy General Cognitive Index (GCI) score, language performance and temperament tests. RESULTS The children in the study group had smaller head circumferences (34th versus 54th percentiles p = 0.009), lower McCarthy GCI scores (102.8 versus 114.2, p = 0.02), poorer receptive and expressive language performance on the...

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of the need for hospital care among women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale, 2001

OBJECTIVES To characterize a cohort of pregnant women who required hospital care owing to nausea ... more OBJECTIVES To characterize a cohort of pregnant women who required hospital care owing to nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) and to identify variables that could serve as predictors of the need for hospital care. DESIGN A retrospective, observational study. METHODS Between 1996 and 1997, women who suffered from NVP were invited to call the NVP Healthline at The Motherisk Program in Toronto. After obtaining verbal consent, callers were interviewed by trained counsellors through a structured questionnaire about their NVP experience in previous pregnancies. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors that could predict the need for hospital care. RESULTS In total, 3,201 women were recruited;1,348 (43.8%) needed hospital care (treatment in the emergency room, day unit or hospital ward). The following characteristics were significantly associated with the need for hospital care: severity of vomiting (more than 5 times a day), use of more than one antiemetic med...

Research paper thumbnail of Diclectin Therapy for Nausea and Vomiting of

Objectives: (I) To quantify rates of suboptimal use of pyridoxine hydrochloride-doxylamine (Dicle... more Objectives: (I) To quantify rates of suboptimal use of pyridoxine hydrochloride-doxylamine (Diclectin); and (2) to study responses to optimal doses of Diclectin in women previously taking a suboptimal dose. Methods: Women who called the Motherisk NVP helpline, and were taking only Diclectin (vitamin B6 10 mg and doxylamine I0 mg), were enrolled in the study and assessed for the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) with the Motherisk-PUQE (pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis and nausea) scoring system.Their Diclectin doses were subsequently increased according to body weight and individual symptoms. A follow-up phone call occurred within I to 3 weeks after the intervention, at which time the overall PUQE score was repeated, along with individual scoring of symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and retching. Results: Sixty-eight women were enrolled and completed the study. Despite moderate to severe NVP, defined by the validated PUQE scoring system, most women (50168) were...

Research paper thumbnail of Do nonprofit boards make a difference

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Hospital Restructuring and Downsizing on Nursing Staff

Journal of Health Management

The healthcare system underwent considerable restructuring and downsizing in the early to mid-199... more The healthcare system underwent considerable restructuring and downsizing in the early to mid-1990s as governments cut costs to reduce their budget deficits. Studies of the effects of these efforts on nursing staff and hospital functioning generally reported negative impacts. Healthcare restructuring and hospital downsizing was again being implemented as governments struggled to once again reduce deficits. The present study examines the relationship of union support during hospital restructuring initiatives with a range of individual and unit/hospital outcomes in a sample of nursing staff working in healthcare settings (hospitals) undergoing significant restructuring and downsizing. Data were collected from 289 nursing staff in California hospitals. Nurses reported a relatively large number of restructuring and downsizing initiatives during the preceding year. Levels of union support had a significant relationship with hospital functioning, but not with nursing staff work and well-b...

Research paper thumbnail of Workplace learning cultures, learning potential and important work outcomes among managerial employees in five-star Turkish hotels

Research paper thumbnail of Sex Differences in Work Experiences and Work Outcomes among Egyptian Managers and Professionals: An Exploratory Study

Journal of Intercultural Management, 2016

This research examined potential sex differences in work experiences and work outcomes in a sampl... more This research examined potential sex differences in work experiences and work outcomes in a sample of Egyptian managers and professionals. Relatively little research has been undertaken on potential sex differences in human resource management in Egyptian organizations and even less during and following the Arab spring. Data were collected from 121 managerial and professional employees, 77 males and 44 females, using anonymously completed questionnaires. Respondents were relatively young, had university educations, had short job and organizational tenures, and held lower level -management jobs. All measures employed here had been used and validated previously by other researchers. Work experiences included supervisor empowerment behaviors and levels of personal empowerment. Work and well-being outcomes included job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work engagement, exhibiting voice behaviors, workplace learning opportunities, intent to quit and employee health symptoms. Signi...

Research paper thumbnail of Organizational Empowerment Practices, Psychological Empowerment and Work Outcomes among Male and Female Front-Line Service Employees in Five-Star Turkish Hotels - Signs of Progress

Research paper thumbnail of L’inhibition du système rénine-angiotensine est lié à une augmentation de la mortalité suite à une chirurgie vasculaire

Research paper thumbnail of Organizational Experiences, Satisfactions and Psychological Wellbeing among Managerial and Professional Women in Turkey4

Journal of Intercultural Management, 2015

This research, building on previous work of others, examines the association of four work experie... more This research, building on previous work of others, examines the association of four work experiences with work and extra-work satisfactions and psychological wellbeing of a sample of managerial and professional women in Turkey. The four work experiences: Use of male standards, Career barriers, Negative perceptions of family responsibilities, and Workplace supports. Data were collected from 209 women using anonymously completed questionnaires. Women worked in the private, public, and voluntary sectors. Work outcomes included job and career satisfaction, work engagement, intent to quit, work-family conflict and perceptions of male bias in their workplaces; psychological wellbeing included levels of emotional exhaustion, life satisfaction and health complaints. Women reporting more negative perceptions of Family responsibilities also indicated higher levels of Male standards and Career barriers in their workplaces; women reporting a greater prevalence of Male standards also indicated ...

Research paper thumbnail of Child Development Following Exposure to Tricyclic Antidepressants or Fluoxetine Throughout Fetal Life: A Prospective, Controlled Study

Amer J Psychiat, 2002

Previous work suggested that first-trimester exposure to tricyclic antidepressants or fluoxetine ... more Previous work suggested that first-trimester exposure to tricyclic antidepressants or fluoxetine does not affect adversely child IQ and language development. However, many women need antidepressants throughout pregnancy to avoid morbidity and suicide attempts. Little is known about the fetal safety of tricyclic antidepressants and fluoxetine when taken throughout pregnancy. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of tricyclic antidepressants and fluoxetine used throughout gestation on child IQ, language, and behavior. In a prospective study, mother-child pairs exposed throughout gestation to tricyclic antidepressants (N=46) or fluoxetine (N=40) and an unexposed, not depressed comparison group (N=36) were blindly assessed. The three groups were compared in terms of the children's IQ, language, behavior, and temperament between ages 15 and 71 months. The authors adjusted for independent variables such as duration and severity of maternal depression, duration of pharmacological treatment, number of depression episodes after delivery, maternal IQ, socioeconomic status, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use. Neither tricyclic antidepressants nor fluoxetine adversely affected the child's global IQ, language development, or behavior. IQ was significantly and negatively associated with duration of depression, whereas language was negatively associated with number of depression episodes after delivery. Exposure to tricyclic antidepressants or fluoxetine throughout gestation does not appear to adversely affect cognition, language development, or the temperament of preschool and early-school children. In contrast, mothers' depression is associated with less cognitive and language achievement by their children. When needed, adequate antidepressant therapy should be instituted and maintained during pregnancy and postpartum.

Research paper thumbnail of Relationships Among Board Structure, Process, and Effectiveness Do Nonprofit Boards Make a Difference? An Exploration of the

Research paper thumbnail of The reproductive effects of beta interferon therapy in pregnancy: A longitudinal cohort

Research paper thumbnail of Boards of directors in nonprofit organizations do they follow a life-cycle model?

Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Gender Differences in Work Experiences and Work and Learning Outcomes among Employees in the Manufacturing Sector in Turkey: An Exploratory Study

Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı, Sep 1, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Supervisory Empowerment Behaviors, Psychological Empowerment and Work Outcomes among Egyptian Managers and Professionals: A Preliminary Study

Journal of Intercultural Management, 2018

Objective: This research examined the relationship of perceived supervisor empowerment behaviors ... more Objective: This research examined the relationship of perceived supervisor empowerment behaviors with important work and well-being outcomes in a sample of Egyptian managers and professionals. Relatively little research has been undertaken on human resource management in Egyptian organizations and even less during and following the Arab spring. Methodology: Data were collected from 121 managerial and professional employees using anonymously completed questionnaires. Respondents were relatively young, had university educations, had short job and organizational tenures, and held lower level -management jobs. All measures used here had been used and validated previously by other researchers. Findings: Work outcomes included job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work engagement, exhibiting voice behaviors, workplace learning opportunities, psychological well-being and intent to quit. Employee perceptions of supervisory empowering behaviors predicted their levels of psychological ...

Research paper thumbnail of Hospital restructuring and downsizing: Effects on nursing staff well-being and perceived hospital functioning

Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Do nonprofit boards make a difference? An exploration of the relationships among board structure, process, and effectiveness”, MNonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 21(3

The contribution of board structure and process dynamics to organiza-tional and board effectivene... more The contribution of board structure and process dynamics to organiza-tional and board effectiveness is the focus of this article. Based on data collected from a cross section of Canadian nonprofit organizations, the results show a positive association between the perception of board effec-tiveness and the use of many of the most widely advocated prescriptions on how a nonprofit board of directors should operate. However, when objective indicators of organizational performance are examined, the link between performance and board behaviors is found to be more limited. Most people assume that the board of a voluntary, nonprofit organization makes a difference for the organization with which it is associated (Carver, 1990). The literature on board of directors effectiveness is growing, and the characteristics of effective boards are being identified (see, for example, Knauft, Berger, and Gray, 1991). Much of the existing literature is prescrip-tive; in addition, it often draws on person...

Research paper thumbnail of Problem Electronic Device Use in a Representative Sample of Adults in Ontario

There is growing evidence of correlations between the amount of time spent using electronic devic... more There is growing evidence of correlations between the amount of time spent using electronic devices in leisure and negative health outcomes. However, studies often lack indicators of problematic technology use, rarely investigate relationships between such problem use patterns and indicators of poor mental health, and use samples that are unrepresentative of the adult population. Using a representative telephone survey of adults, we applied the Problem Electronic Device Use (PEDU) scale to estimate the level of PEDU in Ontario, Canada, and the associations between PEDU scores and a wide range of outcomes with a series of multivariate logistic regressions. We found an average weekly electronic device use of 15.57 hr, excluding work or school, and moderate to severe problem technology use among 7.9% of the adult population. Moderate to severe PEDU was significantly associated with suicidal ideation, serious psychological distress, problem alcohol use, and treatment for anxiety. Impli...

Research paper thumbnail of Well-Being and

www.ejop.org Hospital restructuring and downsizing: Effects on nursing staff

Research paper thumbnail of Neurodevelopment of adopted children exposed in utero to cocaine: the Toronto Adoption Study

Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale, 2001

BACKGROUND Published studies of children's neurodevelopment after in utero exposure to cocain... more BACKGROUND Published studies of children's neurodevelopment after in utero exposure to cocaine have not separated intrauterine from postnatal environmental effects as cocaine-using mothers cluster in low socioeconomic classes and have other risk factors. METHODS To overcome this limitation, a study was done to assess physical and neurodevelopmental characteristics of 52 children: 26 were adopted by parents who sought counselling in the Motherisk Program at the University of Toronto for prenatal cocaine exposure, and 26 were controls matched for maternal intelligence quotient (IQ), socioeconomic status and gestational age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Head circumference, McCarthy General Cognitive Index (GCI) score, language performance and temperament tests. RESULTS The children in the study group had smaller head circumferences (34th versus 54th percentiles p = 0.009), lower McCarthy GCI scores (102.8 versus 114.2, p = 0.02), poorer receptive and expressive language performance on the...

Research paper thumbnail of Determinants of the need for hospital care among women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale, 2001

OBJECTIVES To characterize a cohort of pregnant women who required hospital care owing to nausea ... more OBJECTIVES To characterize a cohort of pregnant women who required hospital care owing to nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) and to identify variables that could serve as predictors of the need for hospital care. DESIGN A retrospective, observational study. METHODS Between 1996 and 1997, women who suffered from NVP were invited to call the NVP Healthline at The Motherisk Program in Toronto. After obtaining verbal consent, callers were interviewed by trained counsellors through a structured questionnaire about their NVP experience in previous pregnancies. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors that could predict the need for hospital care. RESULTS In total, 3,201 women were recruited;1,348 (43.8%) needed hospital care (treatment in the emergency room, day unit or hospital ward). The following characteristics were significantly associated with the need for hospital care: severity of vomiting (more than 5 times a day), use of more than one antiemetic med...

Research paper thumbnail of Diclectin Therapy for Nausea and Vomiting of

Objectives: (I) To quantify rates of suboptimal use of pyridoxine hydrochloride-doxylamine (Dicle... more Objectives: (I) To quantify rates of suboptimal use of pyridoxine hydrochloride-doxylamine (Diclectin); and (2) to study responses to optimal doses of Diclectin in women previously taking a suboptimal dose. Methods: Women who called the Motherisk NVP helpline, and were taking only Diclectin (vitamin B6 10 mg and doxylamine I0 mg), were enrolled in the study and assessed for the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) with the Motherisk-PUQE (pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis and nausea) scoring system.Their Diclectin doses were subsequently increased according to body weight and individual symptoms. A follow-up phone call occurred within I to 3 weeks after the intervention, at which time the overall PUQE score was repeated, along with individual scoring of symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and retching. Results: Sixty-eight women were enrolled and completed the study. Despite moderate to severe NVP, defined by the validated PUQE scoring system, most women (50168) were...

Research paper thumbnail of Do nonprofit boards make a difference

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Hospital Restructuring and Downsizing on Nursing Staff

Journal of Health Management

The healthcare system underwent considerable restructuring and downsizing in the early to mid-199... more The healthcare system underwent considerable restructuring and downsizing in the early to mid-1990s as governments cut costs to reduce their budget deficits. Studies of the effects of these efforts on nursing staff and hospital functioning generally reported negative impacts. Healthcare restructuring and hospital downsizing was again being implemented as governments struggled to once again reduce deficits. The present study examines the relationship of union support during hospital restructuring initiatives with a range of individual and unit/hospital outcomes in a sample of nursing staff working in healthcare settings (hospitals) undergoing significant restructuring and downsizing. Data were collected from 289 nursing staff in California hospitals. Nurses reported a relatively large number of restructuring and downsizing initiatives during the preceding year. Levels of union support had a significant relationship with hospital functioning, but not with nursing staff work and well-b...

Research paper thumbnail of Workplace learning cultures, learning potential and important work outcomes among managerial employees in five-star Turkish hotels

Research paper thumbnail of Sex Differences in Work Experiences and Work Outcomes among Egyptian Managers and Professionals: An Exploratory Study

Journal of Intercultural Management, 2016

This research examined potential sex differences in work experiences and work outcomes in a sampl... more This research examined potential sex differences in work experiences and work outcomes in a sample of Egyptian managers and professionals. Relatively little research has been undertaken on potential sex differences in human resource management in Egyptian organizations and even less during and following the Arab spring. Data were collected from 121 managerial and professional employees, 77 males and 44 females, using anonymously completed questionnaires. Respondents were relatively young, had university educations, had short job and organizational tenures, and held lower level -management jobs. All measures employed here had been used and validated previously by other researchers. Work experiences included supervisor empowerment behaviors and levels of personal empowerment. Work and well-being outcomes included job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work engagement, exhibiting voice behaviors, workplace learning opportunities, intent to quit and employee health symptoms. Signi...

Research paper thumbnail of Organizational Empowerment Practices, Psychological Empowerment and Work Outcomes among Male and Female Front-Line Service Employees in Five-Star Turkish Hotels - Signs of Progress

Research paper thumbnail of L’inhibition du système rénine-angiotensine est lié à une augmentation de la mortalité suite à une chirurgie vasculaire

Research paper thumbnail of Organizational Experiences, Satisfactions and Psychological Wellbeing among Managerial and Professional Women in Turkey4

Journal of Intercultural Management, 2015

This research, building on previous work of others, examines the association of four work experie... more This research, building on previous work of others, examines the association of four work experiences with work and extra-work satisfactions and psychological wellbeing of a sample of managerial and professional women in Turkey. The four work experiences: Use of male standards, Career barriers, Negative perceptions of family responsibilities, and Workplace supports. Data were collected from 209 women using anonymously completed questionnaires. Women worked in the private, public, and voluntary sectors. Work outcomes included job and career satisfaction, work engagement, intent to quit, work-family conflict and perceptions of male bias in their workplaces; psychological wellbeing included levels of emotional exhaustion, life satisfaction and health complaints. Women reporting more negative perceptions of Family responsibilities also indicated higher levels of Male standards and Career barriers in their workplaces; women reporting a greater prevalence of Male standards also indicated ...

Research paper thumbnail of Child Development Following Exposure to Tricyclic Antidepressants or Fluoxetine Throughout Fetal Life: A Prospective, Controlled Study

Amer J Psychiat, 2002

Previous work suggested that first-trimester exposure to tricyclic antidepressants or fluoxetine ... more Previous work suggested that first-trimester exposure to tricyclic antidepressants or fluoxetine does not affect adversely child IQ and language development. However, many women need antidepressants throughout pregnancy to avoid morbidity and suicide attempts. Little is known about the fetal safety of tricyclic antidepressants and fluoxetine when taken throughout pregnancy. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of tricyclic antidepressants and fluoxetine used throughout gestation on child IQ, language, and behavior. In a prospective study, mother-child pairs exposed throughout gestation to tricyclic antidepressants (N=46) or fluoxetine (N=40) and an unexposed, not depressed comparison group (N=36) were blindly assessed. The three groups were compared in terms of the children's IQ, language, behavior, and temperament between ages 15 and 71 months. The authors adjusted for independent variables such as duration and severity of maternal depression, duration of pharmacological treatment, number of depression episodes after delivery, maternal IQ, socioeconomic status, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use. Neither tricyclic antidepressants nor fluoxetine adversely affected the child's global IQ, language development, or behavior. IQ was significantly and negatively associated with duration of depression, whereas language was negatively associated with number of depression episodes after delivery. Exposure to tricyclic antidepressants or fluoxetine throughout gestation does not appear to adversely affect cognition, language development, or the temperament of preschool and early-school children. In contrast, mothers' depression is associated with less cognitive and language achievement by their children. When needed, adequate antidepressant therapy should be instituted and maintained during pregnancy and postpartum.