Jai Sunder - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jai Sunder

The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences

Data of 544 kids born during 2000 to 2017 maintained at the institute were analysed to study the ... more Data of 544 kids born during 2000 to 2017 maintained at the institute were analysed to study the factors affecting the sex ratio and mortality rate in Andaman local goat under semi-intensive system. Frequency and percentage of kidding and mortality rate of kids under different years (2000 to 2017), months (January to December) and seasons (wet and dry season) were calculated. Relative female ratio (RFR) as well as secondary sex ratio (SSR) was also calculated to assess the sex ratio of the kids in the organised goat farm. Result revealed that birth rate, sex ratio, mortality rate, kidding pattern such as singles, twins and triplets varied with months, seasons and years. Birth rate, mortality rate, single and twine birth were higher in monsoon than dry season whereas triplets, quadruplet and sex ratio were higher in dry season than monsoon. In conclusion, sex ratio, birth rate and mortality rate differed significantly between months/seasons/years and wet season/months were most condu...

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, Feb 1, 2022

IJMS Vol.49(08) [August 2020], Aug 1, 2020

Marine environment with vast diversity is a great natural source of many important bioactive comp... more Marine environment with vast diversity is a great natural source of many important bioactive compounds of medicinal value. In the present study, five marine sponges i.e. Hyrtios erectus, Pseudoceratina purpurea, Carteriospongia foliascens, Stylissa carteri and Axinella acanthelloides were collected from eastern coast of Andaman sea around South Andaman group of islands and their zoo-chemical profiles were analyzed. The in-vitro cytotoxic potential of the five sponge species against breast carcinoma cell line was evaluated. Alkaloid was the major zoo-chemical constituent of the sponges. Among the five sponge species studied, Hyrtios showed most promising cytotoxic effect against breast carcinoma cell line. Hexane extract of sponge inhibited the proliferation of the MCF-7 cell line. IC 50 value was 25 µg per ml. The IC 50 values of all the solvent extracts of all the four sponges were higher than 100 µg per ml. In conclusion, the sponge Hyrtios has huge pharmaceutical potential in the treatment of breast cancer.

Vaccine Development [Working Title], 2022

Hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococ... more Hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This parasite is cosmopolitan in distribution and causes significant economic losses to the meat industry, mainly due to condemnation of edible offal. Echinococcosis treatment in human is very expensive as it requires extensive surgery or prolonged chemotherapy or use of both. In Asia and Africa, the vulnerable population of developing the disease is around 50 million. Office International des Epizooties (OIE) has recognized CE as a multi species disease. The parasite has acquired the capability to survive long time within the host due to a specific mechanism to evade the host immune system. A specific class of proteins known as secreted and membrane bound (S/M) proteins play key roles in the evasion mechanism. A total of 12 S/M proteins have been reported as immunodiagnostic and immunoprophylactic agents. Of these, Eg95 is a candidate antigen used for immunization of ani...

PLOS ONE, 2021

Domestic ducks are of paramount importance as a cheap source of protein in rural India. Andaman l... more Domestic ducks are of paramount importance as a cheap source of protein in rural India. Andaman local duck (ALD) is an indigenous avian genetic resource of Andaman and Nicobar islands (ANI) and is mainly distributed in Middle and Northern parts of these islands. Negligence has brought this breed on the edge of extinction necessitating immediate conservation efforts. Here, we report the genetic diversity, population structure and matrilineal genetic root of ALD. Partial mtDNA D-loop sequences were analyzed in 71 ALD samples and analysis revealed 19 polymorphic sites and 13 haplotypes. Estimated haplotype (Hd ± SD) and nucleotide diversity (π ± SD) were 0.881 ± 0.017 and 0.00897 ± 0.00078 respectively. The high genetic diversity of ALD indicates introgression of genetic material from other local duck breeds. In addition, it can be postulated that ALD bearing high genetic diversity has strong ability to adapt to environmental changes and can withstand impending climate change. Phylogen...

During the present study the antibacterial activity of Morinda citrifolia leaf, fruit and seed ex... more During the present study the antibacterial activity of Morinda citrifolia leaf, fruit and seed extract was assessed in-vitro by using disc diffusion method. A total of five different accessions of M. citrifolia plants were randomly selected and screened for antibacterial activity against five different bacterial pathogens. Overall analysis of the antibacterial activity of various extracts revealed that the best inhibitory activity was produced by the seed extract (12.23 mm) compared to the leaf and fruit extract. E.coli and the Pseudomonas spp were inhibited by all the extracts; however, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp were not inhibited by all the extracts. The analysis of antibacterial activity of all the accessions revealed that the best antibacterial activity was produced by accession 5 followed by accession 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.

Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2022

Background: FAffaMAlanCHArt (FAMACHA) is a technique for treating the animals infested with gastr... more Background: FAffaMAlanCHArt (FAMACHA) is a technique for treating the animals infested with gastrointestinal parasites by using clinical anaemia as the determinant. The test is based on the assessment of colour variation of the conjunctival mucous membrane. Methods: In the present study FAMACHA has been standardized and used to correlate the anaemic status of goats with faecal egg count (gastro intestinal parasites) and blood profile. On the basis of FAMACHA score and faecal egg count, the goats were treated with benzimidazole compound and macrocyclic lactone. Result: The result indicated significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in the faecal egg count of Haemonchus spp from 1200±155.76 to 525±75, Strongyloides spp from 469.57±77.37 to 78.26±33.83 and Eimeria spp from 900±240.05 to 195.65±55.34 respectively. FAMACHA score of anaemic goats improved from 4.08±0.11 to 3.2±0.13. Mean haemoglobin (g/dl), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) improved f...

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2005

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals... more Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals which has been discovered more than 100 years ago. The causative organism is a RNA virus belongs to the Aphthovirus genus, Picornaviridae family. The disease is endemic in India and every year the economic loss due to direct and indirect cause is more than USD 4 billion annually. The Andaman & Nicobar Islands also suffered due to the outbreak of FMD in the year 2005 which was due to serotype O. However, in the present study the reemergence of FMD virus almost after a gap of 13 years has been reported from the South Andaman district of the A & N Islands. The outbreak was confirmed as serotype O and is mainly affected more than 800 cattle, goat and buffalo population. The reemergence of the FMD virus in the islands has posed a serious concern to the livestock of this island which is now being considered as almost free from many of the dreaded disease. Based on the epidemiological investig...

Animal Biotechnology, 2021

Nicobari pig is reared by Nicobarese, a native tribal population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ... more Nicobari pig is reared by Nicobarese, a native tribal population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Nicobari pig has maintained its genetic identity due to geographical isolation. This communication is the first report on maternal inheritance of Nicobari pigs. DNA polymorphism data showed seven haplotypes. D-loop sequence information and mitogenome analysis were able to earmark Nicobari pigs to Asian clade. The domestication process of pigs and its expansion pattern help to understand human migration pattern. Based on this hypothesis, this communication elucidates the probable origin of Nicobarese. Earlier studies indicated that Nicobarese had genetic affinities to races distributed in China, Malaysia and Thailand. Our data on maternal inheritance of Nicobari pig correlates with the data on migration of Nicobarese. Moreover, we could establish a novel connection of Nicobarese with people of Northeastern parts of India, Philippines and Vietnam through phylogenetic signal and geographical provenance of Nicobari pig. We further concluded that migration of Nicobarese happened during Western route of migration (WRM) ∼4000 years before present. Therefore, we propose one wave hypothesis of peopling of Nicobar based on our study and existence of Ausrtroasiatic language, Mon-Khmer in these islands.

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2021

Transportation of farm animals is a routine management practice. During transportation, animals e... more Transportation of farm animals is a routine management practice. During transportation, animals experience physiological and psychological stress which has negative consequences on health and welfare of animals. Effect of transportation on pig health and welfare in island ecosystem is not properly known. Here, we report the effect of transportation stress under island ecosystem on serum biochemical parameters, lipid profile, stress biomarkers, and immune parameters in Andaman local pig. Twelve pigs were transported from North and Middle Andaman to South Andaman via road in which two small sea channels have to be crossed in ferry with vehicle on board. Transportation triggered increase in serum levels of total protein and albumin. Elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase in transported pigs indicated muscular exercise or impaired liver function. Transportation induced dyslipidemia indicated by elevated levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides and a decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. High level of serum total nitric oxide and serum MDA as well as low antioxidant capacity in transported pigs indicated oxidative stress induction. Transportation resulted in activation of stress response and increased levels of serum cortisol and heat shock proteins were recorded in transported pigs. Moreover, increased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) and decreased concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 were detected in transported pigs. The results of the study are helpful for better understanding of transportation stress in pigs under island ecosystem.

Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2020

Background: Teressa goat is an indigenous goat breed of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These goats ... more Background: Teressa goat is an indigenous goat breed of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These goats are mainly distributed in the Nicobar group of islands, however, sparse population is also available in the Andaman Islands. In order to understand the genetic diversity and variation among the population of Teressa goat, the studies on the molecular characterization was done by using microsatellite molecular markers. Methods: Randomly a total of 48 blood samples were collected different areas of the Nicobar Islands representing the breeding tract of the Teressa goat. Based on the guidelines of ISAG and FAO, a total of 15 recommended microsatellite markers were selected for the microsatellite analysis study. The data were analysed to study the diversity analysis at each locus by using GENETIX software package. Bottleneck hypothesis was also studied by using BOTTLENECK 1.2.01 and FIS, FIT and FIT values were calculated and heterozygosity deficiency at each locus using FSTAT software. Resu...

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2020

The domestic animal biodiversity acts as genetic manoeuvring room for future generation. But, the... more The domestic animal biodiversity acts as genetic manoeuvring room for future generation. But, the livestock diversity is at risk due to intensive or even industrialized production systems that make for impressive outputs of meat, milk and eggs (Pan et al., 2005). Since most of the wild relatives of today's domesticated animals are extinct, the main source of such material now lies with the livestock raised by herders and farmers under extensive, subsistence-oriented production systems in the developing or under developed countries. Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands is one of such underdeveloped area in respect of livestock rearing. These islands are endowed with immaculate flora and fauna biodiversity (Kundu et al.

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2019

Reproduction and production performances differ with various factors and these factors ultimately... more Reproduction and production performances differ with various factors and these factors ultimately decide the profit of the dairy herd. According to data availability in the Agriculture Ministry, Govt. of India, milk production was 15000 t from 52571 cattle heads with per capita availability of milk was 110 g day-1 in Andaman and Nicobar Islands whereas in India national average was 337 g (Livestock Census of India, 2012). According to the Vision 2050 of ICAR-CIARI, the milk production deficit was 44% in 2011 and it will increase more in 2050 in the A & N Islands. Per capita availability and milk production were decreased over a period of the time from 2001 to 2016 in the A & N Islands. According to the livestock censuses of Govt. of India (2003; 2007; 2012), the cattle population is decreased due to various reasons. Therefore, it is high time that to get sincere efforts from the different sectors like veterinary & animal husbandry

Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2018

Andaman Local Goat (ALG) is an indigenous goat breed of Andaman and Nicobar islands. The present ... more Andaman Local Goat (ALG) is an indigenous goat breed of Andaman and Nicobar islands. The present study was designed to characterize the ALG for its phenotypic characters, feeding and management system. Study revealed that these goats are medium to short in stature with colour combination of black, brown and white. Ears are flat and leaf-like, medium-sized and drooping. Both sexes have small horns, curved upward and backward. Flock size per family ranges from 5 to 35. Age at first mating, weight at first mating, age at first kidding, weight at first kidding, service period, kidding interval and gestation period were 260.0±15.0 days, 8.49±0.89 kg, 420.0±12.0 days, 13.26±1.61 kg, 101.20±11.23 days, 300.0±20.0 days and 147.0±2.0 days respectively. The common diseases observed were parasitic infestation, diarrhoea, bloat, grass poisoning, orf, and tetanus. The risk of extinction of the breed is increasing in these islands due to decrease in the number of breedable male and reduction in t...

Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 2019

Nicobari pig and Andaman Desi pig are indigenous pig germplasm of Andaman and Nicobar islands, In... more Nicobari pig and Andaman Desi pig are indigenous pig germplasm of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Over the last two decades, the pig breeds witnessed a rapid decline in population, necessitating immediate characterization and conservation. The present study depicts the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Nicobari pig and Andaman Desi pig. The mitogenomes of both the breeds encode 37 genes including 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and two ribosomal RNA genes. In addition, a control region (D-loop) was also present. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Nicobari is phylogenetically close to Banna mini and Breed I pig, whereas Andaman Desi pig is close to Mong cai and Jinhua pig breeds. The results of the study will be helpful for formulating of conservation strategy of the native swine breeds.

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2019

Effect of month, season and year on calving pattern and birth weight of calves in crossbred dairy... more Effect of month, season and year on calving pattern and birth weight of calves in crossbred dairy cows reared under semi-intensive organised farm in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India was analysed. The birth rate and birth weight data of 207 calves born during 1999 to 2016 at Livestock Farm Complex, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-CIARI), Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India was analysed. Calving rate (%) and birth weight of calves (kg) under different months (January to December), seasons (wet and dry seasons) and years (1999 to 2016) were calculated. Relative female ratio (RFR) and secondary sex ratio (SSR) were also calculated to assess the sex ratio of the calves in dairy farm. Result revealed highest birth rate in the months of April, August and May, intermediate in January, February, and October to December and lowest in March, June, July and September. Birth-rate (year-wise) showed a non-cyclical fluctuation throughout the period of data analysis. Birth weight was non-significantly (p=0.05) differed between sexes, among seasons, months and years. Birth weight was non-significantly (p=0.05) higher in male than in female and in wet than in dry season. Maximum calving was during wet season. In conclusion, sex ratio and birth weight were not differed among the months or among years or between seasons. However, wet season/months were found to be most conducive for breeding of crossbred cattle under semi-intensive system in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences

Data of 544 kids born during 2000 to 2017 maintained at the institute were analysed to study the ... more Data of 544 kids born during 2000 to 2017 maintained at the institute were analysed to study the factors affecting the sex ratio and mortality rate in Andaman local goat under semi-intensive system. Frequency and percentage of kidding and mortality rate of kids under different years (2000 to 2017), months (January to December) and seasons (wet and dry season) were calculated. Relative female ratio (RFR) as well as secondary sex ratio (SSR) was also calculated to assess the sex ratio of the kids in the organised goat farm. Result revealed that birth rate, sex ratio, mortality rate, kidding pattern such as singles, twins and triplets varied with months, seasons and years. Birth rate, mortality rate, single and twine birth were higher in monsoon than dry season whereas triplets, quadruplet and sex ratio were higher in dry season than monsoon. In conclusion, sex ratio, birth rate and mortality rate differed significantly between months/seasons/years and wet season/months were most condu...

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, Feb 1, 2022

IJMS Vol.49(08) [August 2020], Aug 1, 2020

Marine environment with vast diversity is a great natural source of many important bioactive comp... more Marine environment with vast diversity is a great natural source of many important bioactive compounds of medicinal value. In the present study, five marine sponges i.e. Hyrtios erectus, Pseudoceratina purpurea, Carteriospongia foliascens, Stylissa carteri and Axinella acanthelloides were collected from eastern coast of Andaman sea around South Andaman group of islands and their zoo-chemical profiles were analyzed. The in-vitro cytotoxic potential of the five sponge species against breast carcinoma cell line was evaluated. Alkaloid was the major zoo-chemical constituent of the sponges. Among the five sponge species studied, Hyrtios showed most promising cytotoxic effect against breast carcinoma cell line. Hexane extract of sponge inhibited the proliferation of the MCF-7 cell line. IC 50 value was 25 µg per ml. The IC 50 values of all the solvent extracts of all the four sponges were higher than 100 µg per ml. In conclusion, the sponge Hyrtios has huge pharmaceutical potential in the treatment of breast cancer.

Vaccine Development [Working Title], 2022

Hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococ... more Hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This parasite is cosmopolitan in distribution and causes significant economic losses to the meat industry, mainly due to condemnation of edible offal. Echinococcosis treatment in human is very expensive as it requires extensive surgery or prolonged chemotherapy or use of both. In Asia and Africa, the vulnerable population of developing the disease is around 50 million. Office International des Epizooties (OIE) has recognized CE as a multi species disease. The parasite has acquired the capability to survive long time within the host due to a specific mechanism to evade the host immune system. A specific class of proteins known as secreted and membrane bound (S/M) proteins play key roles in the evasion mechanism. A total of 12 S/M proteins have been reported as immunodiagnostic and immunoprophylactic agents. Of these, Eg95 is a candidate antigen used for immunization of ani...

PLOS ONE, 2021

Domestic ducks are of paramount importance as a cheap source of protein in rural India. Andaman l... more Domestic ducks are of paramount importance as a cheap source of protein in rural India. Andaman local duck (ALD) is an indigenous avian genetic resource of Andaman and Nicobar islands (ANI) and is mainly distributed in Middle and Northern parts of these islands. Negligence has brought this breed on the edge of extinction necessitating immediate conservation efforts. Here, we report the genetic diversity, population structure and matrilineal genetic root of ALD. Partial mtDNA D-loop sequences were analyzed in 71 ALD samples and analysis revealed 19 polymorphic sites and 13 haplotypes. Estimated haplotype (Hd ± SD) and nucleotide diversity (π ± SD) were 0.881 ± 0.017 and 0.00897 ± 0.00078 respectively. The high genetic diversity of ALD indicates introgression of genetic material from other local duck breeds. In addition, it can be postulated that ALD bearing high genetic diversity has strong ability to adapt to environmental changes and can withstand impending climate change. Phylogen...

During the present study the antibacterial activity of Morinda citrifolia leaf, fruit and seed ex... more During the present study the antibacterial activity of Morinda citrifolia leaf, fruit and seed extract was assessed in-vitro by using disc diffusion method. A total of five different accessions of M. citrifolia plants were randomly selected and screened for antibacterial activity against five different bacterial pathogens. Overall analysis of the antibacterial activity of various extracts revealed that the best inhibitory activity was produced by the seed extract (12.23 mm) compared to the leaf and fruit extract. E.coli and the Pseudomonas spp were inhibited by all the extracts; however, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp were not inhibited by all the extracts. The analysis of antibacterial activity of all the accessions revealed that the best antibacterial activity was produced by accession 5 followed by accession 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.

Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2022

Background: FAffaMAlanCHArt (FAMACHA) is a technique for treating the animals infested with gastr... more Background: FAffaMAlanCHArt (FAMACHA) is a technique for treating the animals infested with gastrointestinal parasites by using clinical anaemia as the determinant. The test is based on the assessment of colour variation of the conjunctival mucous membrane. Methods: In the present study FAMACHA has been standardized and used to correlate the anaemic status of goats with faecal egg count (gastro intestinal parasites) and blood profile. On the basis of FAMACHA score and faecal egg count, the goats were treated with benzimidazole compound and macrocyclic lactone. Result: The result indicated significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in the faecal egg count of Haemonchus spp from 1200±155.76 to 525±75, Strongyloides spp from 469.57±77.37 to 78.26±33.83 and Eimeria spp from 900±240.05 to 195.65±55.34 respectively. FAMACHA score of anaemic goats improved from 4.08±0.11 to 3.2±0.13. Mean haemoglobin (g/dl), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) improved f...

Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2005

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals... more Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals which has been discovered more than 100 years ago. The causative organism is a RNA virus belongs to the Aphthovirus genus, Picornaviridae family. The disease is endemic in India and every year the economic loss due to direct and indirect cause is more than USD 4 billion annually. The Andaman & Nicobar Islands also suffered due to the outbreak of FMD in the year 2005 which was due to serotype O. However, in the present study the reemergence of FMD virus almost after a gap of 13 years has been reported from the South Andaman district of the A & N Islands. The outbreak was confirmed as serotype O and is mainly affected more than 800 cattle, goat and buffalo population. The reemergence of the FMD virus in the islands has posed a serious concern to the livestock of this island which is now being considered as almost free from many of the dreaded disease. Based on the epidemiological investig...

Animal Biotechnology, 2021

Nicobari pig is reared by Nicobarese, a native tribal population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ... more Nicobari pig is reared by Nicobarese, a native tribal population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Nicobari pig has maintained its genetic identity due to geographical isolation. This communication is the first report on maternal inheritance of Nicobari pigs. DNA polymorphism data showed seven haplotypes. D-loop sequence information and mitogenome analysis were able to earmark Nicobari pigs to Asian clade. The domestication process of pigs and its expansion pattern help to understand human migration pattern. Based on this hypothesis, this communication elucidates the probable origin of Nicobarese. Earlier studies indicated that Nicobarese had genetic affinities to races distributed in China, Malaysia and Thailand. Our data on maternal inheritance of Nicobari pig correlates with the data on migration of Nicobarese. Moreover, we could establish a novel connection of Nicobarese with people of Northeastern parts of India, Philippines and Vietnam through phylogenetic signal and geographical provenance of Nicobari pig. We further concluded that migration of Nicobarese happened during Western route of migration (WRM) ∼4000 years before present. Therefore, we propose one wave hypothesis of peopling of Nicobar based on our study and existence of Ausrtroasiatic language, Mon-Khmer in these islands.

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2021

Transportation of farm animals is a routine management practice. During transportation, animals e... more Transportation of farm animals is a routine management practice. During transportation, animals experience physiological and psychological stress which has negative consequences on health and welfare of animals. Effect of transportation on pig health and welfare in island ecosystem is not properly known. Here, we report the effect of transportation stress under island ecosystem on serum biochemical parameters, lipid profile, stress biomarkers, and immune parameters in Andaman local pig. Twelve pigs were transported from North and Middle Andaman to South Andaman via road in which two small sea channels have to be crossed in ferry with vehicle on board. Transportation triggered increase in serum levels of total protein and albumin. Elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase in transported pigs indicated muscular exercise or impaired liver function. Transportation induced dyslipidemia indicated by elevated levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides and a decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. High level of serum total nitric oxide and serum MDA as well as low antioxidant capacity in transported pigs indicated oxidative stress induction. Transportation resulted in activation of stress response and increased levels of serum cortisol and heat shock proteins were recorded in transported pigs. Moreover, increased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) and decreased concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 were detected in transported pigs. The results of the study are helpful for better understanding of transportation stress in pigs under island ecosystem.

Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2020

Background: Teressa goat is an indigenous goat breed of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These goats ... more Background: Teressa goat is an indigenous goat breed of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. These goats are mainly distributed in the Nicobar group of islands, however, sparse population is also available in the Andaman Islands. In order to understand the genetic diversity and variation among the population of Teressa goat, the studies on the molecular characterization was done by using microsatellite molecular markers. Methods: Randomly a total of 48 blood samples were collected different areas of the Nicobar Islands representing the breeding tract of the Teressa goat. Based on the guidelines of ISAG and FAO, a total of 15 recommended microsatellite markers were selected for the microsatellite analysis study. The data were analysed to study the diversity analysis at each locus by using GENETIX software package. Bottleneck hypothesis was also studied by using BOTTLENECK 1.2.01 and FIS, FIT and FIT values were calculated and heterozygosity deficiency at each locus using FSTAT software. Resu...

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2020

The domestic animal biodiversity acts as genetic manoeuvring room for future generation. But, the... more The domestic animal biodiversity acts as genetic manoeuvring room for future generation. But, the livestock diversity is at risk due to intensive or even industrialized production systems that make for impressive outputs of meat, milk and eggs (Pan et al., 2005). Since most of the wild relatives of today's domesticated animals are extinct, the main source of such material now lies with the livestock raised by herders and farmers under extensive, subsistence-oriented production systems in the developing or under developed countries. Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands is one of such underdeveloped area in respect of livestock rearing. These islands are endowed with immaculate flora and fauna biodiversity (Kundu et al.

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2019

Reproduction and production performances differ with various factors and these factors ultimately... more Reproduction and production performances differ with various factors and these factors ultimately decide the profit of the dairy herd. According to data availability in the Agriculture Ministry, Govt. of India, milk production was 15000 t from 52571 cattle heads with per capita availability of milk was 110 g day-1 in Andaman and Nicobar Islands whereas in India national average was 337 g (Livestock Census of India, 2012). According to the Vision 2050 of ICAR-CIARI, the milk production deficit was 44% in 2011 and it will increase more in 2050 in the A & N Islands. Per capita availability and milk production were decreased over a period of the time from 2001 to 2016 in the A & N Islands. According to the livestock censuses of Govt. of India (2003; 2007; 2012), the cattle population is decreased due to various reasons. Therefore, it is high time that to get sincere efforts from the different sectors like veterinary & animal husbandry

Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2018

Andaman Local Goat (ALG) is an indigenous goat breed of Andaman and Nicobar islands. The present ... more Andaman Local Goat (ALG) is an indigenous goat breed of Andaman and Nicobar islands. The present study was designed to characterize the ALG for its phenotypic characters, feeding and management system. Study revealed that these goats are medium to short in stature with colour combination of black, brown and white. Ears are flat and leaf-like, medium-sized and drooping. Both sexes have small horns, curved upward and backward. Flock size per family ranges from 5 to 35. Age at first mating, weight at first mating, age at first kidding, weight at first kidding, service period, kidding interval and gestation period were 260.0±15.0 days, 8.49±0.89 kg, 420.0±12.0 days, 13.26±1.61 kg, 101.20±11.23 days, 300.0±20.0 days and 147.0±2.0 days respectively. The common diseases observed were parasitic infestation, diarrhoea, bloat, grass poisoning, orf, and tetanus. The risk of extinction of the breed is increasing in these islands due to decrease in the number of breedable male and reduction in t...

Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 2019

Nicobari pig and Andaman Desi pig are indigenous pig germplasm of Andaman and Nicobar islands, In... more Nicobari pig and Andaman Desi pig are indigenous pig germplasm of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Over the last two decades, the pig breeds witnessed a rapid decline in population, necessitating immediate characterization and conservation. The present study depicts the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Nicobari pig and Andaman Desi pig. The mitogenomes of both the breeds encode 37 genes including 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and two ribosomal RNA genes. In addition, a control region (D-loop) was also present. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Nicobari is phylogenetically close to Banna mini and Breed I pig, whereas Andaman Desi pig is close to Mong cai and Jinhua pig breeds. The results of the study will be helpful for formulating of conservation strategy of the native swine breeds.

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2019

Effect of month, season and year on calving pattern and birth weight of calves in crossbred dairy... more Effect of month, season and year on calving pattern and birth weight of calves in crossbred dairy cows reared under semi-intensive organised farm in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India was analysed. The birth rate and birth weight data of 207 calves born during 1999 to 2016 at Livestock Farm Complex, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-CIARI), Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India was analysed. Calving rate (%) and birth weight of calves (kg) under different months (January to December), seasons (wet and dry seasons) and years (1999 to 2016) were calculated. Relative female ratio (RFR) and secondary sex ratio (SSR) were also calculated to assess the sex ratio of the calves in dairy farm. Result revealed highest birth rate in the months of April, August and May, intermediate in January, February, and October to December and lowest in March, June, July and September. Birth-rate (year-wise) showed a non-cyclical fluctuation throughout the period of data analysis. Birth weight was non-significantly (p=0.05) differed between sexes, among seasons, months and years. Birth weight was non-significantly (p=0.05) higher in male than in female and in wet than in dry season. Maximum calving was during wet season. In conclusion, sex ratio and birth weight were not differed among the months or among years or between seasons. However, wet season/months were found to be most conducive for breeding of crossbred cattle under semi-intensive system in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.