Jalaluddin Khan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Jalaluddin Khan
Nutritional Aspects of Bone Health, 2003
Objective: To study the effect of both selective and nonselective activator and inhibitory agent ... more Objective: To study the effect of both selective and nonselective activator and inhibitory agent on adenylyl cyclase in rat kidney. Design: Different concentrations of some pharmacological agents such as forskolin, nebularine, Ap4A, Ap3A and caffeine were prepared. The effects of the agents on the activity of rat kidney adenylyl were deter- mined. Methods: The crude extract obtained from rat kidney
Journal of King Abdulaziz University Science, 2005
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Science, 2005
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Science, 2003
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Science, 2003
The specific activities of adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, the cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase of... more The specific activities of adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, the cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase of rat kidney, liver, heart and brain were examined. Of all tissues, kidney has the highest adenylyl cyclase specific activities by mean (± SD) of (145 ± 14 pmol/min/mg protein) followed by that of heart (113 ± 21 pmol/min/mg protein), brain (101 ± 8 pmol/min/mg protein) and liver (92 ± 9 pmol/min/mg protein). The specific activity of particulate guanylyl cyclase was the highest in liver (26 ± 1 nmol/min/mg protein), but the soluble form predominated in kidney (40 ± 2 nmol/min/mg protein). In contrast to the other tissues examined, brain showed relatively high cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activities. The kinetic properties of the adenylyl cyclases and cAMP phosphodiesterases were also investigated. The optimum pH for both types of activity was found to be at 7.4. Subcellular fractionation of the kidney to locate adenylyl cyclase activity revealed that both the mitochondrial and the microsomal fractions had higher specific activities than that of the nuclear fraction. Studies on the tissue distribution of cyclic nucleotide PDE activity as well as adenylyl and guanylyl cyclase showed that it is widely distributed in intra and extracellular and they have an important role in signal and nucleotide transdaction.
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-science, 2003
Current drug metabolism, Jan 12, 2015
Our modern era is witnessing an increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzhei... more Our modern era is witnessing an increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and brain tumors. This is accompanied by an increased production of nanoparticles (NPs) and the subsequent release of NPs in the environment shared by humans. NPs are extremely small molecules measuring about 100 nm in diameter. Due to minuscule size, NPs have the potential to penetrate human body through various pathways and eventually cross the blood-brain barrier to potentially cause neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration of the central nervous system. Until recently, the mechanisms by which NPs cause neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration were unknown. However, recent in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms by which NPs may cause neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. In light of this understanding, various pathways have been identified as ...
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) consist of more than 80% of the current nanomaterials' ... more Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) consist of more than 80% of the current nanomaterials' applications worldwide. Despite their wide application, little information is known concerning their impact on human health. The current study aims to identify the in vitro effects of exposure of the human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to MWCNTs and the possible associations with their physiochemical properties. Two doses (50 and 500 μg/ml) of four different commercially available MWCNTs (obtained from Frascati Laboratory, Sigma Co., Sun Nanotech Co. and Shenzhen Co.) were used in this study. Cell viability and apoptotic activity were evaluated by trypan blue exclusion test and Annexin-V/PI staining in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Physicochemical properties of the different MWCNTs were determined and correlated with the cytotoxicity results after exposure for 12 and 48 h. Results indicate that PBL exposed to MWCNTs showed decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in a d...
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, 2014
Both Alzheimer&am... more Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share the presence of systemic and neuro-inflammation, enhanced production and accumulation of β -amyloid peptide and abnormal levels of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Altered levels of AChE and BuChE both in AD as well as in T2DM imply that those two enzymes may be playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the two disorders. AD and T2DM are both characterized by elevated levels of AChE and BuChE in the plasma. On the other hand, in AD the brain levels of AChE go down while those of BuChE go up, resulting in deregulation in balance between AChE and BuChE. This imbalance and change in the AChE/BuChE ratio causes cholinergic deficit in the brain, i.e. deficiency in the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine. With better understanding of the inter-relationship of AChE and BuChE levels in normality as well as abnormality, AD and T2DM can be effectively treated. Thus, general cholinesterase inhibitors that inhibit both AChE and BuChE as well as highly selective BuChE inhibitors may have potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of AD and other related dementias.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, 2014
The emerging data suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can contribute significantly to th... more The emerging data suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can contribute significantly to the onset or progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) either directly or as a cofactor. Various in vitro and in vivo animal and human clinical studies have provided evidence that T2DM is a major risk factor in the pathology of AD and the two diseases share common biological mechanisms at the molecular level. The biological mechanisms that are common in the pathology of both T2DM and AD include insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, β-amyloid formation, oxidative stress, and the presence of advanced glycation end products. With better understanding of the degree of association between AD and T2DM and the underlying molecular mechanisms explaining this relationship, it is hoped that researchers will be able to develop effective therapeutic interventions to treat or control T2DM and, as a consequence, delay the onset or progression of AD.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2015
Recent evidence has indicated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developi... more Recent evidence has indicated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the potential common processes that could explain this relation between AD and T2DM. In the recent decades, an abundance of evidence has emerged demonstrating that chronic inflammatory processes may be the major factors contributing to the development and progression of T2DM and AD. In this article, we have discussed the molecular underpinnings of inflammatory process that contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM and AD and how they are linked to these two diseases. In depth understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms through which AD and T2DM are associated to each other may help the researchers to develop novel and more effective strategies to treat together AD and T2DM. Several treatment options have been identified which spurn the inflammatory processes and discourage the production of inflammatory mediators, thereby preventing or slowing down the onset of T2DM and AD.
Objective: To study the relationship of Vitamin D deficiency and some minerals metabolism in the ... more Objective: To study the relationship of Vitamin D deficiency and some minerals metabolism in the children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the city of Jeddah, western region of Saudi Arabia. Design: Measuring the concentration of serum 25(OH) Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in children with SCD aged between newborn to 12 years old. Methods: A total of 51 children with sickle cell disease (both gender) included 28 males (54.9%) and 23 females (45.1%) aged between newborn and 12 years old and 70 healthy matching controls were admitted or visited sickle cell section in the Maternity and Children Hospital in the city of Jeddah. Fasting blood samples were collected and the serum was separated and stored at ñ30"C until the time of analysis. Serum 25 (OH) Vitamin D was determined using a commercially available kit (VDBP,Gc globulin), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were measured using a clinical autoanalyser. Results: The patients were divided into two groups according...
Journal of Microbiology, 2013
Different solid state fermentation (SSF) sources were tested such as cantaloupe and watermelon ri... more Different solid state fermentation (SSF) sources were tested such as cantaloupe and watermelon rinds, orange and banana peels, for the production of polygalacturonase (PG) and xylanase (Xyl) by Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens. The maximum production of both PG and Xyl were obtained by T. harzianum and T. virnes grown on cantaloupe and watermelon rinds, respectively. Time course, moisture content, temperature, pH, supplementation with carbon and nitrogen sources were optimized to achieve the maximum production of both PG and Xyl of T. harzianum and T. virens using cantaloupe and watermelon rinds, respectively. The maximum production of PG and Xyl of T. harzianum and T. virens was recorded at 4-5 days of incubation, 50-66% moisture, temperature 28-35°C and pH 6-7. The influence of supplementary carbon and nitrogen sources was studied. For T. harzianum, lactose enhanced PG activity from 87 to 120 units/g solid, where starch and maltose enhanced Xyl activity from 40 to 55-60 units/g solid for T. virnes. Among the nitrogen sources, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, yeast extract and urea increased PG activity from 90 to 110-113 units/g solid for T. harzianum. Similarly, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate and yeast extract increased Xyl activity from 45 to 55-70 units/g solid for T. virens.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013
Chewing stick (miswak Salvadora persica L.) is an effective tool for oral hygiene. It possessed v... more Chewing stick (miswak Salvadora persica L.) is an effective tool for oral hygiene. It possessed various biological properties including significant antibacterial and anti-fungal effects. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant compounds in miswak. Miswak root was extracted with 80% methanol. Methanol extract as antioxidant was evaluated by using DPPH, ABTS and phosphomolybdenum complex assays and analysis by GC-MS. Peroxidase, catalase and polyphenoloxidase assays were performed for crude extract of miswak root. The methanol extract of miswak contained the highest amount of crude extract among the various solvent extracts. The methanol extract showed a concentration dependent scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values 4.8 and 1.6 μg crude extract, respectively. The total antioxidant activities, based on the reduction of molybdenum (VI) to molybdenum (V), increased with increasing crude extract content. The correlation coefficients (R2) between total crude extract and DPPH, ABTS scavenging activities and the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex were 0.97, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed that the methanol extract doesn't contain phenolic and flavonoid compounds or under detected limit. After silylation of methanol extract, three compounds namely 2-furancarboxaldehyde-5-(hydroxymethyl), furan-2-carboxylic acid-3-methyl- trimethylsilyl ester and D-erythro-pentofuranose-2-deoxy-1,3,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl) were identified by GC-MS analysis. These furan derivatives as they contain hydroxyl groups could be possessed antioxidant activities. The antioxidant enzymes were also detected in the miswak extract with high level of peroxidase and low level of catalase and polyphenoloxidase. The synergistic actions of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant enzymes make miswak is a good chewing stick for oral hygiene and food purposes.
Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers, Jan 18, 2016
Sickle-cell anemia and β-thalassemia are two of the most common autosomal recessive disorders in ... more Sickle-cell anemia and β-thalassemia are two of the most common autosomal recessive disorders in the developing world. The severity of the problem and the pressure it exerted on the health services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia forced the introduction of a national premarital screening program to lessen its impact on the society. Furthermore, a significant effort has been exerted in the elucidation of the genetic causes of such diseases to facilitate diagnosis and detection of carriers. We have designed and validated the use of custom TaqMan(®) genotyping assays for the rapid detection of IVS-I-1 (G>A), IVS-I-5 (G>C), codon 39 (C>T), and IVS-I-110 (G>A) mutations in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients' cohort. We demonstrated that IVS-I-5 (rs33915217) is the most common single-nucleotide variant in our cohort, with the variant allele constituting 26% of the total alleles investigated. However, this variant was not found in 352 alleles screened from buccal s...
Bioorganic Chemistry, 2016
Inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity is a reliable approach towards controlling post-prand... more Inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity is a reliable approach towards controlling post-prandial hyperglycemia associated risk factors. During the current study, a series of dihydropyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles (1-35) were synthesized and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 1, 4, 22, 30, and 33 were found to be the potent inhibitors of the yeast α-glucosidase enzyme. Mechanistic studies on most potent compounds reveled that 1, 4, and 30 were non-competitive inhibitors (Ki=9.75±0.07, 46±0.0001, and 69.16±0.01μM, respectively), compound 22 is a competitive inhibitor (Ki=190±0.016μM), while 33 was an uncompetitive inhibitor (Ki=45±0.0014μM) of the enzyme. Finally, the cytotoxicity of potent compounds (i.e. compounds 1, 4, 22, 30, and 33) was also evaluated against mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line assay, and no toxicity was observed. This study identifies non-cytotoxic novel inhibitors of α-glucosidase enzyme for further investigation as anti-diabetic agents.
African Health Sciences, 2015
Background: There is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus type-2 (T2DM) and osteoporosis are pr... more Background: There is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus type-2 (T2DM) and osteoporosis are problems worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between T2DM and bone turnover in diabetic obese postmenopausal Saudi women. Subjects and Methods: The present study included total of 65 T2-DM obese postmenopausal Saudi women, (36 uncontrolled, 29 controlled) .The following serum biochemical parameters were evaluated [fasting blood glucose (FBG),total calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Pi), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-(OH)2Vitamin D3 ,osteocalcin (OC), procollagen (PICP) and cathepsin k (Cath K) ]. Results: Serum OC levels were significantly decreased in diabetic obese postmenopausal group compared to their respective healthy group (P < 0.004). PICP and Cath K were significantly elevated in diabetic postmenopausal group compared to the healthy group ( P < 0.024 & 0.001). A significant elevation in 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3, Ca and Pi levels in diabetic obese postmenopausal patients group compared to the healthy group. However, a non-significant changes was observed in serum PTH level between different groups. Conclusion: In this study, the changes in the biochemical parameters and bone turnover markers in obese women are strong risk factors for diabetes development that may contribute to osteopenia and osteoporosis. The study showed the strong effect of T2DM on biochemical markers of bone turnover in obese postmenopausal Saudi women.
Nutritional Aspects of Bone Health, 2003
Objective: To study the effect of both selective and nonselective activator and inhibitory agent ... more Objective: To study the effect of both selective and nonselective activator and inhibitory agent on adenylyl cyclase in rat kidney. Design: Different concentrations of some pharmacological agents such as forskolin, nebularine, Ap4A, Ap3A and caffeine were prepared. The effects of the agents on the activity of rat kidney adenylyl were deter- mined. Methods: The crude extract obtained from rat kidney
Journal of King Abdulaziz University Science, 2005
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Science, 2005
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Science, 2003
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Science, 2003
The specific activities of adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, the cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase of... more The specific activities of adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases, the cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase of rat kidney, liver, heart and brain were examined. Of all tissues, kidney has the highest adenylyl cyclase specific activities by mean (± SD) of (145 ± 14 pmol/min/mg protein) followed by that of heart (113 ± 21 pmol/min/mg protein), brain (101 ± 8 pmol/min/mg protein) and liver (92 ± 9 pmol/min/mg protein). The specific activity of particulate guanylyl cyclase was the highest in liver (26 ± 1 nmol/min/mg protein), but the soluble form predominated in kidney (40 ± 2 nmol/min/mg protein). In contrast to the other tissues examined, brain showed relatively high cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activities. The kinetic properties of the adenylyl cyclases and cAMP phosphodiesterases were also investigated. The optimum pH for both types of activity was found to be at 7.4. Subcellular fractionation of the kidney to locate adenylyl cyclase activity revealed that both the mitochondrial and the microsomal fractions had higher specific activities than that of the nuclear fraction. Studies on the tissue distribution of cyclic nucleotide PDE activity as well as adenylyl and guanylyl cyclase showed that it is widely distributed in intra and extracellular and they have an important role in signal and nucleotide transdaction.
Journal of King Abdulaziz University-science, 2003
Current drug metabolism, Jan 12, 2015
Our modern era is witnessing an increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzhei... more Our modern era is witnessing an increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and brain tumors. This is accompanied by an increased production of nanoparticles (NPs) and the subsequent release of NPs in the environment shared by humans. NPs are extremely small molecules measuring about 100 nm in diameter. Due to minuscule size, NPs have the potential to penetrate human body through various pathways and eventually cross the blood-brain barrier to potentially cause neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration of the central nervous system. Until recently, the mechanisms by which NPs cause neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration were unknown. However, recent in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms by which NPs may cause neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. In light of this understanding, various pathways have been identified as ...
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) consist of more than 80% of the current nanomaterials' ... more Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) consist of more than 80% of the current nanomaterials' applications worldwide. Despite their wide application, little information is known concerning their impact on human health. The current study aims to identify the in vitro effects of exposure of the human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to MWCNTs and the possible associations with their physiochemical properties. Two doses (50 and 500 μg/ml) of four different commercially available MWCNTs (obtained from Frascati Laboratory, Sigma Co., Sun Nanotech Co. and Shenzhen Co.) were used in this study. Cell viability and apoptotic activity were evaluated by trypan blue exclusion test and Annexin-V/PI staining in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Physicochemical properties of the different MWCNTs were determined and correlated with the cytotoxicity results after exposure for 12 and 48 h. Results indicate that PBL exposed to MWCNTs showed decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in a d...
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, 2014
Both Alzheimer&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;am... more Both Alzheimer&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share the presence of systemic and neuro-inflammation, enhanced production and accumulation of β -amyloid peptide and abnormal levels of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Altered levels of AChE and BuChE both in AD as well as in T2DM imply that those two enzymes may be playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the two disorders. AD and T2DM are both characterized by elevated levels of AChE and BuChE in the plasma. On the other hand, in AD the brain levels of AChE go down while those of BuChE go up, resulting in deregulation in balance between AChE and BuChE. This imbalance and change in the AChE/BuChE ratio causes cholinergic deficit in the brain, i.e. deficiency in the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine. With better understanding of the inter-relationship of AChE and BuChE levels in normality as well as abnormality, AD and T2DM can be effectively treated. Thus, general cholinesterase inhibitors that inhibit both AChE and BuChE as well as highly selective BuChE inhibitors may have potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of AD and other related dementias.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, 2014
The emerging data suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can contribute significantly to th... more The emerging data suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can contribute significantly to the onset or progression of Alzheimer&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s disease (AD) either directly or as a cofactor. Various in vitro and in vivo animal and human clinical studies have provided evidence that T2DM is a major risk factor in the pathology of AD and the two diseases share common biological mechanisms at the molecular level. The biological mechanisms that are common in the pathology of both T2DM and AD include insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, β-amyloid formation, oxidative stress, and the presence of advanced glycation end products. With better understanding of the degree of association between AD and T2DM and the underlying molecular mechanisms explaining this relationship, it is hoped that researchers will be able to develop effective therapeutic interventions to treat or control T2DM and, as a consequence, delay the onset or progression of AD.
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2015
Recent evidence has indicated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developi... more Recent evidence has indicated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the potential common processes that could explain this relation between AD and T2DM. In the recent decades, an abundance of evidence has emerged demonstrating that chronic inflammatory processes may be the major factors contributing to the development and progression of T2DM and AD. In this article, we have discussed the molecular underpinnings of inflammatory process that contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM and AD and how they are linked to these two diseases. In depth understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms through which AD and T2DM are associated to each other may help the researchers to develop novel and more effective strategies to treat together AD and T2DM. Several treatment options have been identified which spurn the inflammatory processes and discourage the production of inflammatory mediators, thereby preventing or slowing down the onset of T2DM and AD.
Objective: To study the relationship of Vitamin D deficiency and some minerals metabolism in the ... more Objective: To study the relationship of Vitamin D deficiency and some minerals metabolism in the children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the city of Jeddah, western region of Saudi Arabia. Design: Measuring the concentration of serum 25(OH) Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in children with SCD aged between newborn to 12 years old. Methods: A total of 51 children with sickle cell disease (both gender) included 28 males (54.9%) and 23 females (45.1%) aged between newborn and 12 years old and 70 healthy matching controls were admitted or visited sickle cell section in the Maternity and Children Hospital in the city of Jeddah. Fasting blood samples were collected and the serum was separated and stored at ñ30"C until the time of analysis. Serum 25 (OH) Vitamin D was determined using a commercially available kit (VDBP,Gc globulin), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were measured using a clinical autoanalyser. Results: The patients were divided into two groups according...
Journal of Microbiology, 2013
Different solid state fermentation (SSF) sources were tested such as cantaloupe and watermelon ri... more Different solid state fermentation (SSF) sources were tested such as cantaloupe and watermelon rinds, orange and banana peels, for the production of polygalacturonase (PG) and xylanase (Xyl) by Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens. The maximum production of both PG and Xyl were obtained by T. harzianum and T. virnes grown on cantaloupe and watermelon rinds, respectively. Time course, moisture content, temperature, pH, supplementation with carbon and nitrogen sources were optimized to achieve the maximum production of both PG and Xyl of T. harzianum and T. virens using cantaloupe and watermelon rinds, respectively. The maximum production of PG and Xyl of T. harzianum and T. virens was recorded at 4-5 days of incubation, 50-66% moisture, temperature 28-35°C and pH 6-7. The influence of supplementary carbon and nitrogen sources was studied. For T. harzianum, lactose enhanced PG activity from 87 to 120 units/g solid, where starch and maltose enhanced Xyl activity from 40 to 55-60 units/g solid for T. virnes. Among the nitrogen sources, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, yeast extract and urea increased PG activity from 90 to 110-113 units/g solid for T. harzianum. Similarly, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate and yeast extract increased Xyl activity from 45 to 55-70 units/g solid for T. virens.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013
Chewing stick (miswak Salvadora persica L.) is an effective tool for oral hygiene. It possessed v... more Chewing stick (miswak Salvadora persica L.) is an effective tool for oral hygiene. It possessed various biological properties including significant antibacterial and anti-fungal effects. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant compounds in miswak. Miswak root was extracted with 80% methanol. Methanol extract as antioxidant was evaluated by using DPPH, ABTS and phosphomolybdenum complex assays and analysis by GC-MS. Peroxidase, catalase and polyphenoloxidase assays were performed for crude extract of miswak root. The methanol extract of miswak contained the highest amount of crude extract among the various solvent extracts. The methanol extract showed a concentration dependent scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals with IC50 values 4.8 and 1.6 μg crude extract, respectively. The total antioxidant activities, based on the reduction of molybdenum (VI) to molybdenum (V), increased with increasing crude extract content. The correlation coefficients (R2) between total crude extract and DPPH, ABTS scavenging activities and the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex were 0.97, 0.99 and 0.95, respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed that the methanol extract doesn&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;t contain phenolic and flavonoid compounds or under detected limit. After silylation of methanol extract, three compounds namely 2-furancarboxaldehyde-5-(hydroxymethyl), furan-2-carboxylic acid-3-methyl- trimethylsilyl ester and D-erythro-pentofuranose-2-deoxy-1,3,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl) were identified by GC-MS analysis. These furan derivatives as they contain hydroxyl groups could be possessed antioxidant activities. The antioxidant enzymes were also detected in the miswak extract with high level of peroxidase and low level of catalase and polyphenoloxidase. The synergistic actions of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant enzymes make miswak is a good chewing stick for oral hygiene and food purposes.
Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers, Jan 18, 2016
Sickle-cell anemia and β-thalassemia are two of the most common autosomal recessive disorders in ... more Sickle-cell anemia and β-thalassemia are two of the most common autosomal recessive disorders in the developing world. The severity of the problem and the pressure it exerted on the health services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia forced the introduction of a national premarital screening program to lessen its impact on the society. Furthermore, a significant effort has been exerted in the elucidation of the genetic causes of such diseases to facilitate diagnosis and detection of carriers. We have designed and validated the use of custom TaqMan(®) genotyping assays for the rapid detection of IVS-I-1 (G>A), IVS-I-5 (G>C), codon 39 (C>T), and IVS-I-110 (G>A) mutations in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients' cohort. We demonstrated that IVS-I-5 (rs33915217) is the most common single-nucleotide variant in our cohort, with the variant allele constituting 26% of the total alleles investigated. However, this variant was not found in 352 alleles screened from buccal s...
Bioorganic Chemistry, 2016
Inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity is a reliable approach towards controlling post-prand... more Inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity is a reliable approach towards controlling post-prandial hyperglycemia associated risk factors. During the current study, a series of dihydropyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles (1-35) were synthesized and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 1, 4, 22, 30, and 33 were found to be the potent inhibitors of the yeast α-glucosidase enzyme. Mechanistic studies on most potent compounds reveled that 1, 4, and 30 were non-competitive inhibitors (Ki=9.75±0.07, 46±0.0001, and 69.16±0.01μM, respectively), compound 22 is a competitive inhibitor (Ki=190±0.016μM), while 33 was an uncompetitive inhibitor (Ki=45±0.0014μM) of the enzyme. Finally, the cytotoxicity of potent compounds (i.e. compounds 1, 4, 22, 30, and 33) was also evaluated against mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line assay, and no toxicity was observed. This study identifies non-cytotoxic novel inhibitors of α-glucosidase enzyme for further investigation as anti-diabetic agents.
African Health Sciences, 2015
Background: There is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus type-2 (T2DM) and osteoporosis are pr... more Background: There is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus type-2 (T2DM) and osteoporosis are problems worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between T2DM and bone turnover in diabetic obese postmenopausal Saudi women. Subjects and Methods: The present study included total of 65 T2-DM obese postmenopausal Saudi women, (36 uncontrolled, 29 controlled) .The following serum biochemical parameters were evaluated [fasting blood glucose (FBG),total calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Pi), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-(OH)2Vitamin D3 ,osteocalcin (OC), procollagen (PICP) and cathepsin k (Cath K) ]. Results: Serum OC levels were significantly decreased in diabetic obese postmenopausal group compared to their respective healthy group (P < 0.004). PICP and Cath K were significantly elevated in diabetic postmenopausal group compared to the healthy group ( P < 0.024 & 0.001). A significant elevation in 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3, Ca and Pi levels in diabetic obese postmenopausal patients group compared to the healthy group. However, a non-significant changes was observed in serum PTH level between different groups. Conclusion: In this study, the changes in the biochemical parameters and bone turnover markers in obese women are strong risk factors for diabetes development that may contribute to osteopenia and osteoporosis. The study showed the strong effect of T2DM on biochemical markers of bone turnover in obese postmenopausal Saudi women.