Abeer Jameel - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Abeer Jameel
E3S Web of Conferences
The increased rate of road fatalities ad injured has been a vital issue. Risk assessment of road ... more The increased rate of road fatalities ad injured has been a vital issue. Risk assessment of road projects is essential in the pre-construction stages to prevent road crashes from occurring in the operational stage. Identifying the contributing factors of road safety is essential to propose countermeasures and control the issue of the increase in road fatalities. These factors are categorized according to the transportation system's main elements: road users, infrastructure, and vehicles. They are also categorized according to the likelihood of crashes reflecting the crashworthiness factors and the severity of crashes reflecting the crash-occurrence factors. This paper aims to identify the factors related to road features affecting the likelihood and severity of crashes in a selected road section in Iraq. The selected road section is a portion of the main transport corridor, expressway 1/R9, designed to connect major cities and is used by significant traffic volume, leading to in...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The increased rate of road fatalities ad injured has been a vital issue. Risk assessment of road ... more The increased rate of road fatalities ad injured has been a vital issue. Risk assessment of road project is essential in the planning and design stages to prevent road crashes occurring in the operational stage. In Iraq, the main transport corridor has been designed to connect major cities and used by significant traffic volume which led to increase in the crash fatalities. Therefore, it is important to identify the risk factors and improve the safety level. This paper aims to assess the risk of part of the main transport corridor in Iraq. The selected section is part of Road 9 which connects Abu Gharib district with Fallujah City. The selected methodology of assessment is based on the road features and supported traffic data developed by the International Road Assessment Program (iRAP) agency. The output of the assessment is in terms of star rating and star rating score. Higher star rating means safer road condition while higher star rating score means more dangerous road condition...
E3S Web of Conferences
With the development of roads, modes of transportation were also developed, and increasing number... more With the development of roads, modes of transportation were also developed, and increasing numbers of those modes and routes were needed. This increase brought into focus many problems of the highway system. One of the most important concerns in the highway networks is road safety, which requires various studies to be carried out to reduce crash causalities. One of the factors that affect road safety is the traffic characteristics. This includes average daily traffic, operating speed, traffic density, and heavy vehicles percentage. This study focused on the effect of average daily traffic and heavy vehicles percentage on crash frequency. The old Baghdad – Baquba rural road, a two-lane, two-way road, was chosen for this study. This study used two sets of data (traffic characteristics and crash data). Generalized linear regression models were utilized to develop a model that reflects the effect of the average daily traffic and heavy vehicles percentage on crash frequency. The results ...
Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development
The new vision of road safety issue is based on a systematic approach called a “safe system’. Thi... more The new vision of road safety issue is based on a systematic approach called a “safe system’. This approach has been applied recently in some developed countries and resulted in a significant reduction in road fatalities. Alternatively, it is necessary to develop an index to use not only in assessing the size of the road safety problem but also to monitor the intermediate outcome of its operational performance. This paper aims to review the modified indicators of the operational performance of road safety systems based on the fundamentals of the ‘safe system’ vision. A methodology is presented to choose comprehensive, measurable, and independent indicators, which are relevant to the new vision and can be used to predict the conditions of the problem and enable actions to be taken to prevent road crashes from happening. In this methodology, the main indicators of road safety are classified into thematic indicators and individual indicators. These indicators are subjected to evaluatio...
Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia
The aim of this research is to assess the road safety performance in Southeast Asian countries to... more The aim of this research is to assess the road safety performance in Southeast Asian countries to measure to what extent the new vision "safe system" is considered in the national road safety strategies. For this, a road safety index RSAI(ESA) is developed to use as a tool of assessment. The theoretical framework is based on the main pillars of safe system principles: safer roads and mobility, safer vehicles, and safer road users. A set of indicators are selected based on specific criteria. Each indicator is weighted, normalised, then aggregated using a simple linear additive aggregation method to construct the RSAI(ESA). This index is used to assess the performance of road safety in Southeast Asian countries, and then to rank the countries accordingly. The results show that the countries which have high rate of road crashes have started to take action to solve road safety problems, while some countries need to take further steps to apply the recommendations of the DARS 20...
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2022
WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 2018
Road users are the primary and most important aspect of the transport system. Providing for user ... more Road users are the primary and most important aspect of the transport system. Providing for user needs is the primary characteristic of a sustainable transport system. Road user behaviour is considered the main contributory factor to the majority of road accidents. Therefore, successful and effective strategic road safety plans focus on improving road user behaviour by considering seven road user risk factors: drinking-drivers, seatbelts, child restraints, speed management, wearing helmets, using a mobile phone while driving, and driving while under the influence of drugs. Law legislation and enforcement regarding these factors are adopted by the United Nations and the World Health Organisation as the most effective long-term approaches for improving road user behaviour, thereby improving the level of road safety. This research assesses the implementation of strategies for improving road user behaviour, and measures the extent to which these strategies have been successful in improving the overall level of road safety at a national level. An index is developed for each of the road user factors and aggregated to develop a road user assessment index. This index is used for monitoring progress in implementing the action of road safety law legislation and enforcement at the national level, and for comparing countries according to the behaviour of their road users. The results of the research show that not all countries consider all of the above noted risk factors in their road safety laws; furthermore, the ranking of countries according to the results of applying the developed index is different than the ranking calculated according to road deaths for roughly 60% of countries. It is recommended that other factors of road safety be addressed, and additional strategies for improving road user behaviour be adopted, according to how they have been implemented in countries that have achieved a significant decline in road fatalities.
Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 2011
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport, 2021
The aim of this paper is to review research conducting the impact of land use variables on the tr... more The aim of this paper is to review research conducting the impact of land use variables on the travel behaviour. It is focused on the density as an important measure of land use that reflects the interaction with the transportation system. The effect of density has been addressed years ago; therefore, papers have been published since 1960s were reviewed in this paper. These papers are classified into two groups according to the most common measure of the density and the most common variables of the travel behaviour considered in these researches. The first group contains about 26 papers published before 2000 while the second group contains about 45 papers published after 2000. It has been noticed that the population density is the main term of density used in the first group while the employment density and the configuration of densities are integrated as measures in the papers published after 2000. The direct relationship with mode choice and travel length has been approved. Howeve...
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport, 2022
Research on the impact of land use variables on travel behaviour is reviewed. The focus is on den... more Research on the impact of land use variables on travel behaviour is reviewed. The focus is on density as an important measure of land use and its interaction with transportation systems. The effect of density was first addressed decades ago, so research published since the 1960s was reviewed. The reviewed works were classified into two groups according to the most commonly used measure of density and the most common variables of travel behaviour. The first group comprised 26 studies published before 2000 and the second group comprised more than 45 studies published after 2000. Population density was the main density term used in the first group while employment density and configurations of densities were integrated as measures in the second group. A direct relationship between mode choice and journey length was established. However, knowledge gaps were also identified, such as the effect of density on trip generation rate, type of trip according to trip purpose, internal and extern...
Iraq is a middle income country where the road safety issue is considered one of the leading caus... more Iraq is a middle income country where the road safety issue is considered one of the leading causes of deaths. To control the road risk issue, the Iraqi Ministry of Planning, General Statistical Organization started to organise a collection system of traffic accidents data with details related to their causes and severity. These data are published as an annual report. In this paper, a review of the available crash data in Iraq will be presented. The available data represent the rate of accidents in aggregated level and classified according to their types, road users' details, and crash severity, type of vehicles, causes and number of causalities. The review is according to the types of models used in road safety studies and research, and according to the required road safety data in the road constructions tasks. The available data are also compared with the road safety dataset published in the United Kingdom as an example of developed country. It is concluded that the data in Ir...
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), 2021
The supply of effective and efficient public transportation services is important and essential f... more The supply of effective and efficient public transportation services is important and essential for society and environment. This can encourage people to use public transit and reduce the usage of private cars which have roles in achieving sustainable goals that related to providing sustained modes of transportation. This, in turn, leads to avoid or reduce the effect of the most important global issues such as, traffic congestion, air pollution, fuel consumption, and other environmental consequences. Therefore, there is a need to identify the attributes that enhance the satisfaction and increase the usage of public transportation which are various across the different cultures, demographics, and purposes. In Iraq, there are a few studies that considered the demand for public buses as it is the main mode of public transportation. The aim of this paper is to measure to what extent the supplied public transportation service is satisfied through identifying the factors that enhance the ...
This paper was undertaken to investigate the relationships between speed and density on urban art... more This paper was undertaken to investigate the relationships between speed and density on urban arterial roads of Baghdad City . This research work was based on the traffic survey data (PC volume and average s peed) collected in Palestine Street in 3 sections at two directions through 12 h ours within 3 weekdays. The density is computed using fundamental formula of tr a fic flow. Eight theoretical Speed-Density models (5 are single Regime Models an d 3 are Multi-Regime models) are validated by the field data by two stat i tical test methods (CHISQ test and Paired T-test). The results show that no one of the theoretical models is good in fit with the real data. Then a Multi-Regime Mode l is improved under two ranges of density (<70 and >70) at south approach and (<60 and >60) at north appra och . This model is tested using regression analysis, CHI SQ test, and Paired T-test. This analysis shows that the model has good fit with the field data.
This research aims to develop a road safety assessment index (RSAI) based on the safe system conc... more This research aims to develop a road safety assessment index (RSAI) based on the safe system concept. This index can be used to rate and rank countries according to the effectiveness of the national road safety strategic plans; to monitor the progress towards a set target; and to suggest strategic solutions. To develop the RSAI, its thematic indicators are identified to cover safer road infrastructure and mobility, safer vehicles, and safer road-user behaviour. A sub model is developed for each thematic indicator, along with their individual indicators that can give a full reflection. The road assessment programme (RAP) is considered to identify the indicator of safer road infrastructure and mobility. For this, a procedure for extending the RAP methodology is developed and evaluated. The new car assessment programme (NCAP) of rating cars is chosen to identify the safer vehicle indicator. While seven indicators are selected to form the sub model of safer road-user behaviour. The chos...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Transport and Vehicle Engineering, 2017
2021 International Congress of Advanced Technology and Engineering (ICOTEN), 2021
Road risk assessment is an important strategy recommended by global organisations to avoid the ro... more Road risk assessment is an important strategy recommended by global organisations to avoid the road accidents occurring and reduce the likelihood of road accidents. It can be done in the design and construction stages as it is based mainly on the geometric characteristics of roads and it is not based on the road accidents history in the assessed roads. In Iraq, a few studies have been conducted to consider the road attributes in studying road safety and assess the level of road risk based on the road geometric characteristics. Therefore, it is aimed in this paper to assess road risk levels according to the road attributes and other factors such as traffic characteristics. It is focused on two types of crashes, run-off and head-on. The main steps followed in this paper are selecting the study area, collecting the needed data that represent the geometric features of roads and supporting traffic data, processing the selected methodology for assessment, presenting the results of the assessment which are presented in terms of the likelihood score, severity score, star rating and the estimated rate of fatalities. Based on the results of assessments, countermeasures are suggested to improve the safety level. The results show that poor road condition has led to high likelihood scores of both types of crashes. In addition, the unpaved roadside has led to a high severity score of run-off crashes, while the undivided road has led to a high severity score of head-on crashes. Therefore, it is suggested to resurface main roads, pave shoulders and upgrade the road section to a divided multilane road with a safety barrier median. The results of processing data after implementing each proposal show that resurfacing can save about 70% of the likelihood scores and fatalities rate, but the star rating is still at its lower level. Paving shoulders can eliminate a high rate of the severity of run-off crashes while widening and building a wide median can eliminate the severity of head-on crashes. A 5-star road for head-on crashes can be achieved by widening the road and building a wide concrete median. However, the star rating is still low for run-off crashes; therefore, it is recommended to improve driver behaviour to enhance road safety.
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), 2020
This paper aims to estimate the road capacity based on the headway time to consider the road user... more This paper aims to estimate the road capacity based on the headway time to consider the road user behaviour which is the main element in microsystem of traffic analysis. The lane position is considered also in developing the capacity-headway model to reflect the driver behaviour in using each lane. Palestine Street in Baghdad City is chosen as the site study to simulate the urban multilane characteristics of roads. The data representing the roadway characteristics, vehicle volume, and headway time are collected at peak hours to reflect the high traffic flow level. The model is developed using regression analysis. The results show that the lane position affect the driver decision in choosing the lane of movement and affect significantly the capacity values especially the right lane position.
The Aggregation of Road Star Ratings for Urban Areas Road Safety has been considered a serious is... more The Aggregation of Road Star Ratings for Urban Areas Road Safety has been considered a serious issue and research have been conducted to search for a sustainable solution and control this problem. Road design element is a major
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), 2020
Involving the sustainability assessment in the phases of road development project has become nece... more Involving the sustainability assessment in the phases of road development project has become necessary to avoid unforeseen consequences. In Iraq, there is a noticeable lack of the environmental and social assessment of the development project. The economic assessment also needs to consider the project life cycle. The unavailability of validated and comprehensive methodologies of assessment is the main obstacle. Therefore, this study aims to outline a methodology of environmental, social and economic (ESE) assessment during pre-construction stages. The rehabilitation and upgrading project of Al-Nebai-Baghdad Highway is selected for this study. The ESE indicators are selected based on the available data and techniques. The needed data; traffic volume, pavement condition, and geometric design characteristics; are collected to process the engineering and the ESE assessment through aggregating several methodologies and analyse the results using thr cost-effectiveness technique. The resul...
Road safety is considered an important issue by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and other glo... more Road safety is considered an important issue by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and other global organisations which acknowledged the first steps towards reducing the annual road fatalities rate by applying global strategies. Despite the significant reduction in crash rate in the developed countries, the developing countries still has the majority of the reported road fatalities and injuries in the world. WHO has addressed the reasons behind this and some collaborated agencies started to conduct studies regarding the road safety issue in developing countries. This research will review the road safety management system in the developing countries. It will be focus on the regional scale of the problem, especially Middle East region. The results of the multi criteria analysis of the data collected from the countries profiles published by the WHO is presented. This analysis demonstrate that countries with unstable political and war condition have the worst road safety management sys...
E3S Web of Conferences
The increased rate of road fatalities ad injured has been a vital issue. Risk assessment of road ... more The increased rate of road fatalities ad injured has been a vital issue. Risk assessment of road projects is essential in the pre-construction stages to prevent road crashes from occurring in the operational stage. Identifying the contributing factors of road safety is essential to propose countermeasures and control the issue of the increase in road fatalities. These factors are categorized according to the transportation system's main elements: road users, infrastructure, and vehicles. They are also categorized according to the likelihood of crashes reflecting the crashworthiness factors and the severity of crashes reflecting the crash-occurrence factors. This paper aims to identify the factors related to road features affecting the likelihood and severity of crashes in a selected road section in Iraq. The selected road section is a portion of the main transport corridor, expressway 1/R9, designed to connect major cities and is used by significant traffic volume, leading to in...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The increased rate of road fatalities ad injured has been a vital issue. Risk assessment of road ... more The increased rate of road fatalities ad injured has been a vital issue. Risk assessment of road project is essential in the planning and design stages to prevent road crashes occurring in the operational stage. In Iraq, the main transport corridor has been designed to connect major cities and used by significant traffic volume which led to increase in the crash fatalities. Therefore, it is important to identify the risk factors and improve the safety level. This paper aims to assess the risk of part of the main transport corridor in Iraq. The selected section is part of Road 9 which connects Abu Gharib district with Fallujah City. The selected methodology of assessment is based on the road features and supported traffic data developed by the International Road Assessment Program (iRAP) agency. The output of the assessment is in terms of star rating and star rating score. Higher star rating means safer road condition while higher star rating score means more dangerous road condition...
E3S Web of Conferences
With the development of roads, modes of transportation were also developed, and increasing number... more With the development of roads, modes of transportation were also developed, and increasing numbers of those modes and routes were needed. This increase brought into focus many problems of the highway system. One of the most important concerns in the highway networks is road safety, which requires various studies to be carried out to reduce crash causalities. One of the factors that affect road safety is the traffic characteristics. This includes average daily traffic, operating speed, traffic density, and heavy vehicles percentage. This study focused on the effect of average daily traffic and heavy vehicles percentage on crash frequency. The old Baghdad – Baquba rural road, a two-lane, two-way road, was chosen for this study. This study used two sets of data (traffic characteristics and crash data). Generalized linear regression models were utilized to develop a model that reflects the effect of the average daily traffic and heavy vehicles percentage on crash frequency. The results ...
Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development
The new vision of road safety issue is based on a systematic approach called a “safe system’. Thi... more The new vision of road safety issue is based on a systematic approach called a “safe system’. This approach has been applied recently in some developed countries and resulted in a significant reduction in road fatalities. Alternatively, it is necessary to develop an index to use not only in assessing the size of the road safety problem but also to monitor the intermediate outcome of its operational performance. This paper aims to review the modified indicators of the operational performance of road safety systems based on the fundamentals of the ‘safe system’ vision. A methodology is presented to choose comprehensive, measurable, and independent indicators, which are relevant to the new vision and can be used to predict the conditions of the problem and enable actions to be taken to prevent road crashes from happening. In this methodology, the main indicators of road safety are classified into thematic indicators and individual indicators. These indicators are subjected to evaluatio...
Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia
The aim of this research is to assess the road safety performance in Southeast Asian countries to... more The aim of this research is to assess the road safety performance in Southeast Asian countries to measure to what extent the new vision "safe system" is considered in the national road safety strategies. For this, a road safety index RSAI(ESA) is developed to use as a tool of assessment. The theoretical framework is based on the main pillars of safe system principles: safer roads and mobility, safer vehicles, and safer road users. A set of indicators are selected based on specific criteria. Each indicator is weighted, normalised, then aggregated using a simple linear additive aggregation method to construct the RSAI(ESA). This index is used to assess the performance of road safety in Southeast Asian countries, and then to rank the countries accordingly. The results show that the countries which have high rate of road crashes have started to take action to solve road safety problems, while some countries need to take further steps to apply the recommendations of the DARS 20...
Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2022
WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 2018
Road users are the primary and most important aspect of the transport system. Providing for user ... more Road users are the primary and most important aspect of the transport system. Providing for user needs is the primary characteristic of a sustainable transport system. Road user behaviour is considered the main contributory factor to the majority of road accidents. Therefore, successful and effective strategic road safety plans focus on improving road user behaviour by considering seven road user risk factors: drinking-drivers, seatbelts, child restraints, speed management, wearing helmets, using a mobile phone while driving, and driving while under the influence of drugs. Law legislation and enforcement regarding these factors are adopted by the United Nations and the World Health Organisation as the most effective long-term approaches for improving road user behaviour, thereby improving the level of road safety. This research assesses the implementation of strategies for improving road user behaviour, and measures the extent to which these strategies have been successful in improving the overall level of road safety at a national level. An index is developed for each of the road user factors and aggregated to develop a road user assessment index. This index is used for monitoring progress in implementing the action of road safety law legislation and enforcement at the national level, and for comparing countries according to the behaviour of their road users. The results of the research show that not all countries consider all of the above noted risk factors in their road safety laws; furthermore, the ranking of countries according to the results of applying the developed index is different than the ranking calculated according to road deaths for roughly 60% of countries. It is recommended that other factors of road safety be addressed, and additional strategies for improving road user behaviour be adopted, according to how they have been implemented in countries that have achieved a significant decline in road fatalities.
Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences, 2011
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport, 2021
The aim of this paper is to review research conducting the impact of land use variables on the tr... more The aim of this paper is to review research conducting the impact of land use variables on the travel behaviour. It is focused on the density as an important measure of land use that reflects the interaction with the transportation system. The effect of density has been addressed years ago; therefore, papers have been published since 1960s were reviewed in this paper. These papers are classified into two groups according to the most common measure of the density and the most common variables of the travel behaviour considered in these researches. The first group contains about 26 papers published before 2000 while the second group contains about 45 papers published after 2000. It has been noticed that the population density is the main term of density used in the first group while the employment density and the configuration of densities are integrated as measures in the papers published after 2000. The direct relationship with mode choice and travel length has been approved. Howeve...
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport, 2022
Research on the impact of land use variables on travel behaviour is reviewed. The focus is on den... more Research on the impact of land use variables on travel behaviour is reviewed. The focus is on density as an important measure of land use and its interaction with transportation systems. The effect of density was first addressed decades ago, so research published since the 1960s was reviewed. The reviewed works were classified into two groups according to the most commonly used measure of density and the most common variables of travel behaviour. The first group comprised 26 studies published before 2000 and the second group comprised more than 45 studies published after 2000. Population density was the main density term used in the first group while employment density and configurations of densities were integrated as measures in the second group. A direct relationship between mode choice and journey length was established. However, knowledge gaps were also identified, such as the effect of density on trip generation rate, type of trip according to trip purpose, internal and extern...
Iraq is a middle income country where the road safety issue is considered one of the leading caus... more Iraq is a middle income country where the road safety issue is considered one of the leading causes of deaths. To control the road risk issue, the Iraqi Ministry of Planning, General Statistical Organization started to organise a collection system of traffic accidents data with details related to their causes and severity. These data are published as an annual report. In this paper, a review of the available crash data in Iraq will be presented. The available data represent the rate of accidents in aggregated level and classified according to their types, road users' details, and crash severity, type of vehicles, causes and number of causalities. The review is according to the types of models used in road safety studies and research, and according to the required road safety data in the road constructions tasks. The available data are also compared with the road safety dataset published in the United Kingdom as an example of developed country. It is concluded that the data in Ir...
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), 2021
The supply of effective and efficient public transportation services is important and essential f... more The supply of effective and efficient public transportation services is important and essential for society and environment. This can encourage people to use public transit and reduce the usage of private cars which have roles in achieving sustainable goals that related to providing sustained modes of transportation. This, in turn, leads to avoid or reduce the effect of the most important global issues such as, traffic congestion, air pollution, fuel consumption, and other environmental consequences. Therefore, there is a need to identify the attributes that enhance the satisfaction and increase the usage of public transportation which are various across the different cultures, demographics, and purposes. In Iraq, there are a few studies that considered the demand for public buses as it is the main mode of public transportation. The aim of this paper is to measure to what extent the supplied public transportation service is satisfied through identifying the factors that enhance the ...
This paper was undertaken to investigate the relationships between speed and density on urban art... more This paper was undertaken to investigate the relationships between speed and density on urban arterial roads of Baghdad City . This research work was based on the traffic survey data (PC volume and average s peed) collected in Palestine Street in 3 sections at two directions through 12 h ours within 3 weekdays. The density is computed using fundamental formula of tr a fic flow. Eight theoretical Speed-Density models (5 are single Regime Models an d 3 are Multi-Regime models) are validated by the field data by two stat i tical test methods (CHISQ test and Paired T-test). The results show that no one of the theoretical models is good in fit with the real data. Then a Multi-Regime Mode l is improved under two ranges of density (<70 and >70) at south approach and (<60 and >60) at north appra och . This model is tested using regression analysis, CHI SQ test, and Paired T-test. This analysis shows that the model has good fit with the field data.
This research aims to develop a road safety assessment index (RSAI) based on the safe system conc... more This research aims to develop a road safety assessment index (RSAI) based on the safe system concept. This index can be used to rate and rank countries according to the effectiveness of the national road safety strategic plans; to monitor the progress towards a set target; and to suggest strategic solutions. To develop the RSAI, its thematic indicators are identified to cover safer road infrastructure and mobility, safer vehicles, and safer road-user behaviour. A sub model is developed for each thematic indicator, along with their individual indicators that can give a full reflection. The road assessment programme (RAP) is considered to identify the indicator of safer road infrastructure and mobility. For this, a procedure for extending the RAP methodology is developed and evaluated. The new car assessment programme (NCAP) of rating cars is chosen to identify the safer vehicle indicator. While seven indicators are selected to form the sub model of safer road-user behaviour. The chos...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Transport and Vehicle Engineering, 2017
2021 International Congress of Advanced Technology and Engineering (ICOTEN), 2021
Road risk assessment is an important strategy recommended by global organisations to avoid the ro... more Road risk assessment is an important strategy recommended by global organisations to avoid the road accidents occurring and reduce the likelihood of road accidents. It can be done in the design and construction stages as it is based mainly on the geometric characteristics of roads and it is not based on the road accidents history in the assessed roads. In Iraq, a few studies have been conducted to consider the road attributes in studying road safety and assess the level of road risk based on the road geometric characteristics. Therefore, it is aimed in this paper to assess road risk levels according to the road attributes and other factors such as traffic characteristics. It is focused on two types of crashes, run-off and head-on. The main steps followed in this paper are selecting the study area, collecting the needed data that represent the geometric features of roads and supporting traffic data, processing the selected methodology for assessment, presenting the results of the assessment which are presented in terms of the likelihood score, severity score, star rating and the estimated rate of fatalities. Based on the results of assessments, countermeasures are suggested to improve the safety level. The results show that poor road condition has led to high likelihood scores of both types of crashes. In addition, the unpaved roadside has led to a high severity score of run-off crashes, while the undivided road has led to a high severity score of head-on crashes. Therefore, it is suggested to resurface main roads, pave shoulders and upgrade the road section to a divided multilane road with a safety barrier median. The results of processing data after implementing each proposal show that resurfacing can save about 70% of the likelihood scores and fatalities rate, but the star rating is still at its lower level. Paving shoulders can eliminate a high rate of the severity of run-off crashes while widening and building a wide median can eliminate the severity of head-on crashes. A 5-star road for head-on crashes can be achieved by widening the road and building a wide concrete median. However, the star rating is still low for run-off crashes; therefore, it is recommended to improve driver behaviour to enhance road safety.
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), 2020
This paper aims to estimate the road capacity based on the headway time to consider the road user... more This paper aims to estimate the road capacity based on the headway time to consider the road user behaviour which is the main element in microsystem of traffic analysis. The lane position is considered also in developing the capacity-headway model to reflect the driver behaviour in using each lane. Palestine Street in Baghdad City is chosen as the site study to simulate the urban multilane characteristics of roads. The data representing the roadway characteristics, vehicle volume, and headway time are collected at peak hours to reflect the high traffic flow level. The model is developed using regression analysis. The results show that the lane position affect the driver decision in choosing the lane of movement and affect significantly the capacity values especially the right lane position.
The Aggregation of Road Star Ratings for Urban Areas Road Safety has been considered a serious is... more The Aggregation of Road Star Ratings for Urban Areas Road Safety has been considered a serious issue and research have been conducted to search for a sustainable solution and control this problem. Road design element is a major
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (PEN), 2020
Involving the sustainability assessment in the phases of road development project has become nece... more Involving the sustainability assessment in the phases of road development project has become necessary to avoid unforeseen consequences. In Iraq, there is a noticeable lack of the environmental and social assessment of the development project. The economic assessment also needs to consider the project life cycle. The unavailability of validated and comprehensive methodologies of assessment is the main obstacle. Therefore, this study aims to outline a methodology of environmental, social and economic (ESE) assessment during pre-construction stages. The rehabilitation and upgrading project of Al-Nebai-Baghdad Highway is selected for this study. The ESE indicators are selected based on the available data and techniques. The needed data; traffic volume, pavement condition, and geometric design characteristics; are collected to process the engineering and the ESE assessment through aggregating several methodologies and analyse the results using thr cost-effectiveness technique. The resul...
Road safety is considered an important issue by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and other glo... more Road safety is considered an important issue by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and other global organisations which acknowledged the first steps towards reducing the annual road fatalities rate by applying global strategies. Despite the significant reduction in crash rate in the developed countries, the developing countries still has the majority of the reported road fatalities and injuries in the world. WHO has addressed the reasons behind this and some collaborated agencies started to conduct studies regarding the road safety issue in developing countries. This research will review the road safety management system in the developing countries. It will be focus on the regional scale of the problem, especially Middle East region. The results of the multi criteria analysis of the data collected from the countries profiles published by the WHO is presented. This analysis demonstrate that countries with unstable political and war condition have the worst road safety management sys...