Jan Kjärstad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Jan Kjärstad
Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 7, 2005
Thermal Science, 2012
ABSTRACT The CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology is since more than ten years considered one... more ABSTRACT The CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology is since more than ten years considered one of the key options for the future climate change mitigation. This paper discusses the implications for the further development of CCS, particularly with respect to climate change policy in an international geopolitics context. The rationale for developing CCS should be the over-abundance of fossil fuel reserves (and resources) in a climate change context. From a geopolitical point, it can be argued that the most important outcome from the successful commercialisation of CCS will be that fossil fuel-dependent economies with large fossil fuel resources will find it easier to comply with stringent greenhouse gas reduction targets (i. e. to attach a price to CO2 emissions). This should be of great importance since, from a geopolitical view, the curbing on greenhouse gas emissions cannot be isolated from security of supply and economic competition between regions. Thus, successful application of CCS may moderate geopolitical risks related to regional differences in the possibilities and thereby willingness to comply with large emission cuts. In Europe, application of CCS will enhance security of supply by fuel diversification from continued use of coal, especially domestic lignite. Introduction of CCS will also make possible negative emissions when using biomass as a fuel, i. e. in so called Biomass Energy CCS (BECCS). Yet, the development of BECCS relies on the successful development of fossil fuelled CCS since BECCS in itself is unlikely to be sufficient for establishing a cost efficient CCS infrastructure for transport and storage and because BECCS does not solve the problem with the abundant resources of fossil fuels. Results from research and development of capture, transport and storage of CO2 indicate that the barriers for commercialization of CC'S should not be technical. Instead, the main barriers for implementation of CCS seem to be how to reach public acceptance, to reduce cost and to establish a high enough price on CO2 emissions. Failure to implement CCS will require that the global community, including Europe, agrees to almost immediately to start phasing out the use of fossil fuels, an agreement which seems rather unlikely, especially considering the abundant coal reserves in developing economies such as China and India.
Energy Procedia, 2014
ABSTRACT Development of large scale CO2 transport systems will obviously depend on geographical d... more ABSTRACT Development of large scale CO2 transport systems will obviously depend on geographical distribution of CCS installations and CO2 volumes over time and their location relative to appropriate storage sites with sufficient injectivity. However, installation of CCS at any facility is likely to be based on company specific planning and company specific strategies with the risk that there will be a considerable geographical spread of such installations over time leading to several small scale and single source-sink transport systems which will be more costly, affect the surroundings more and potentially also lead to increased local opposition to CCS. Additionally, such a development is also likely to require longer overall lead times since each system will have to be treated individually by for instance permitting authorities. This paper presents a methodology to distribute capture installations and captured volumes geographically over time in order to identify, analyze and visualize potential problems related to large scale build-up of CCS installations within Europe.
Energy Procedia
This paper examines cost, challenges and possibilities for the development of an integrated CCS t... more This paper examines cost, challenges and possibilities for the development of an integrated CCS transport infrastructure for the power, cement, refinery and steel and iron sectors in six EU member states: Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Poland and Slovakia. Input for ramp-up of CCS within the power sector has been provided by Chalmers Electricity Investment model (ELIN) while ramp-up of CCS in the three industry sectors is based on general assumptions. For each country, three types of CCS infrastructure systems have been assessed; for the power sector only, integrated for the power sector and the three industry sectors and finally, for the three industry sectors only. Transport cost has been calculated to range between € 1.0 and € 4.1 per ton CO2 in the power sector and to between € 1.6 and € 15.9 per ton in the industry sector. The low cost systems indicate a favorable distribution of sources and sinks while high cost systems are a result of low volumes and offshore ...
Energy Procedia
This paper presents an ongoing project with the aim to assess a CO2 infrastructure in the Skagerr... more This paper presents an ongoing project with the aim to assess a CO2 infrastructure in the Skagerrak/Kattegat region (the sea bordered by north of Denmark, south coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden). The area comprises 10–12 CO2 emission sources of more than 0.5 Mt/year.The geological and geophysical assessment of CO2 storage potential in the described area as well as reservoir modelling and simulations are performed in work package (WP) 1. The results from WP1 are used in the other work packages. Candidate storage sites are matched with those point sources in the region that are technically and economically feasible for CO2 capture, together with an assessment of the connecting infrastructure needs. WP2 focuses on identifying optimal technological CO2 infrastructure solutions. Sources-to-sink solutions are in the process of being developed based on input from WP1 and WP3. Assessment of the build-up of a complete CCS infrastructure from a system perspective is the overall fo...
International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
This paper investigates the role of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies as part of a portf... more This paper investigates the role of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies as part of a portfolio for reducing CO2 emissions from the European electricity generation system until the year 2050. Special emphasis is put on the ramp-up of CCS with respect to timing of investments and requirement of corresponding CO2 transportation and storage infrastructure. The investigation comprises scenario analysis through modeling possible development of the electricity supply system for EU25 and together with a more detailed analysis of Northern Europe (Germany, UK, Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway). The modeling has been carried out with a techno-economic model (minimizing the system cost) including a detailed description of the present stationary European electricity generation system as obtained from the Chalmers Energy Infrastructure database.It is concluded that CCS can play a significant role in reducing CO2 emissions at a cost in the range of 20–60 €/t over the period studied. In E...
Energy Procedia
This paper studies the potential lay-out of CCS infrastructure in Europe, by combining techno-eco... more This paper studies the potential lay-out of CCS infrastructure in Europe, by combining techno-economic modelling of Europs‘s electricity sector with a detailed modelling and analysis of a CO2 transport infrastructure. First, the electricity sector is described using the Chalmers Electricity Investment Model, which, for each EU member state, yields the technology mix including CCS - until the year 2050. The model gives the lowest system cost under a given CO2 emission reduction target. Thus, the model gives the annual flows of CO2 being captured by country and fuel. Secondly, these flows are used as input to InfraCCS, a cost optimization tool for bulk CO2 pipelines. Finally, the results from InfraCCS are applied along with Chalmers databases on power plants and CO2 storage sites to design the development over time of a detailed CO2 transport network across Europe considering the spatial distribution of power plants and storage locations. Two scenarios are studied: with and without on...
Energy Policy
This paper examines global oil resources and the future global oil supply/demand balance. The pap... more This paper examines global oil resources and the future global oil supply/demand balance. The paper builds upon several comprehensive databases designed during the work and considerable efforts have been made to review what must be considered the most reliable data. Global oil resources have been investigated on three levels; country, company and field levels.Although no decisive conclusions or quantitative assessments can be made with respect to the global oil resource base, remaining resources appear to be sufficient to meet demand up to 2030 as projected in the 2006 (and 2007) world energy outlook by the IEA. Significant resources have already been discovered beyond proven reserves, many prospective regions remain to be fully explored and there are vast volumes of recoverable unconventional oil. However, it is also concluded that global supply of oil probably will continue to be tight, both in the medium term as well as in the long term mainly as a consequence of above-ground fac...
Management of Environmental Quality An International Journal
Purpose – The aim of this study is to assess the role of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologi... more Purpose – The aim of this study is to assess the role of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies in the reduction of CO2 emissions from European industries. Design/methodology/approach – A database covering all industrial installations included in the EU ETS has been created. Potential capture sources have been identified and the potential for CO2 capture has been estimated based on branch- and plant-specific conditions. Emphasis is placed here on three branches of industry with promising prospects for CCS: mineral oil refineries, iron and steel, and cement manufacturers. Findings – A relatively small number (∼270) of large installations (>500,000 tCO2/year) dominates emissions from the three branches investigated in this study. Together these installations emit 432 MtCO2/year, 8 percent of EU's total greenhouse gas emissions. If the full potential of emerging CO2 capture technologies was realized, some 270-330 MtCO2 emissions could be avoided annually. Further, several re...
Energy Policy
This paper presents a newly established database of the European power plant infrastructure (powe... more This paper presents a newly established database of the European power plant infrastructure (power plants, fuel infrastructure, fuel resources and CO2 storage options) for the EU25 member states (MS) and applies the database in a general discussion of the European power plant and natural gas infrastructure as well as in a simple simulation analysis of British and German power generation up to the year 2050 with respect to phase-out of existing generation capacity, fuel mix and fuel dependency. The results are discussed with respect to age structure of the current production plants, CO2 emissions, natural gas dependency and CO2 capture and storage (CCS) under stringent CO2 emission constraints.The analysis of the information from the power plant database, which includes planned projects, shows large variations in power plant infrastructure between the MS and a clear shift to natural gas-fuelled power plants during the last decade. The data indicates that this shift may continue in th...
Energy Procedia, 2013
ABSTRACT This paper gives an overview of results from a project which explored the feasibility of... more ABSTRACT This paper gives an overview of results from a project which explored the feasibility of establishing a CO2 Capture and Storage infrastructure in the Skagerrak/Kattegat region of Southern Scandinavia. This involves assessment of the technical and economic parameters of the complete CCS chain and, in particular, identification of possible storage locations.
Energy Procedia, 2014
ABSTRACT NORDICCS is a virtual CCS networking platform aiming for increased CCS deployment in the... more ABSTRACT NORDICCS is a virtual CCS networking platform aiming for increased CCS deployment in the five Nordic countries. This paper reports from work investigating options for CO2 transport infrastructure in the Nordic region. Five specific CCS cases have been selected from which capture is analyzed in detail and from which CO2 transport cost has been calculated assuming CO2 being captured only at the site itself or, assuming the selected capture site develops into a CO2-hub with CO2 from several adjacent sources. In the latter case cost has been calculated defining for what volumes pipeline transport becomes less costly than corresponding ship transport. Additionally, cost for both pipeline and ship transport has been calculated as a function of distance and volume in order to apply these calculations to derive the least costly transport mode for the fifty-five largest sources in the region with a coastal location. Also, the effect on cost for systems that will require ramp-up (i.e. transported volumes increase over time) has been calculated. Finally, an analysis of the potential for build-up of clusters in the region was performed. The work clearly shows that ship transport is the least costly transport option, not only for the five selected cases individually but also for most of the emission sources located along the coastline. The work also shows that ship transport is the least costly transport option for most of the potential clusters in the region during the ramp-up phase. An obvious but still important conclusion is that constrained storage capability and injectivity may have a profound impact on design and cost of a CO2 transport system.
... security of supply and, for planned projects, the likeliness of the project being carried ...... more ... security of supply and, for planned projects, the likeliness of the project being carried ... contains vital gas and oil fields, LNG plants and regasification terminals, pipelines and sales ... with two new LNG terminals entering into operation plus possibly the Medgaz pipeline from Algeria ...
Alliance for Global Sustainability BookSeries, 2008
Energy Procedia, 2013
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to estimate the prospects of carbon capture and storage (CCS) i... more ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to estimate the prospects of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the Eur opean electricity supply system taking into account possible forthcoming policy based on the recent EU Energy Roadmap communication, which suggests a 93 to 99% reduction in CO2 emissions relative 1990 levels from the electricity sector by the year 2050. Furthermore, the effect of whether or not onshore storage will be accepted is investigated. The work is based on techno-economic modeling of the European electricity generation sector under different assumptions (scenarios) of the future with respect to electricity demand and fuel prices. The results indicate that the contribution from CCS on a member state level depends on local conditions, e.g., access to local fuels like lignite, and whether or not onshore storage will be allowed. Excluding on-shore storage in aquifers, the modeling results give that CCS is centralized around the North Sea. Natural gas fired conventional power plants is likely to be a serious competitor to coal CCS in the short to medium term providing large emission reduction opportunities by fuel shifting from existing coal power plants to new high efficient gas fired combined cycles. Such development can be a barrier for early deployment of CCS, and hence, result in a delay in commercialization of CCS. The scenarios presented in the Energy Roadmap prescribe power systems almost without net CO2 emissions by 2050, which implies that CCS technologies by the year 2050 must be of a zero-emission type. The modeling presented here indicates in general a large increase in technologies with low CO2 emissions, renewables as well as a significant contribution from CCS technologies, where CCS in the investigated scenarios have the potential to contribute as much as 25-35% of total electricity generation at around year 2050.
This paper provides some initial results from the project “CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat-region” ... more This paper provides some initial results from the project “CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat-region” which is an intraregional CCS project partly funded by the EU. The project assesses the prospects for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) from industry and power plants located in the Skagerrak region which comprises northern Denmark, south-east coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden. The
Energy Policy, 2007
... The Chalmers PP db (Table 1) is designed to fully describe the European power plant structure... more ... The Chalmers PP db (Table 1) is designed to fully describe the European power plant structure and will eventually contain all thermal and hydropower plants with a power output of at least 10MW, all offshore wind farms, plus cross-border transmission capacity. ...
Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 7, 2005
Thermal Science, 2012
ABSTRACT The CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology is since more than ten years considered one... more ABSTRACT The CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology is since more than ten years considered one of the key options for the future climate change mitigation. This paper discusses the implications for the further development of CCS, particularly with respect to climate change policy in an international geopolitics context. The rationale for developing CCS should be the over-abundance of fossil fuel reserves (and resources) in a climate change context. From a geopolitical point, it can be argued that the most important outcome from the successful commercialisation of CCS will be that fossil fuel-dependent economies with large fossil fuel resources will find it easier to comply with stringent greenhouse gas reduction targets (i. e. to attach a price to CO2 emissions). This should be of great importance since, from a geopolitical view, the curbing on greenhouse gas emissions cannot be isolated from security of supply and economic competition between regions. Thus, successful application of CCS may moderate geopolitical risks related to regional differences in the possibilities and thereby willingness to comply with large emission cuts. In Europe, application of CCS will enhance security of supply by fuel diversification from continued use of coal, especially domestic lignite. Introduction of CCS will also make possible negative emissions when using biomass as a fuel, i. e. in so called Biomass Energy CCS (BECCS). Yet, the development of BECCS relies on the successful development of fossil fuelled CCS since BECCS in itself is unlikely to be sufficient for establishing a cost efficient CCS infrastructure for transport and storage and because BECCS does not solve the problem with the abundant resources of fossil fuels. Results from research and development of capture, transport and storage of CO2 indicate that the barriers for commercialization of CC'S should not be technical. Instead, the main barriers for implementation of CCS seem to be how to reach public acceptance, to reduce cost and to establish a high enough price on CO2 emissions. Failure to implement CCS will require that the global community, including Europe, agrees to almost immediately to start phasing out the use of fossil fuels, an agreement which seems rather unlikely, especially considering the abundant coal reserves in developing economies such as China and India.
Energy Procedia, 2014
ABSTRACT Development of large scale CO2 transport systems will obviously depend on geographical d... more ABSTRACT Development of large scale CO2 transport systems will obviously depend on geographical distribution of CCS installations and CO2 volumes over time and their location relative to appropriate storage sites with sufficient injectivity. However, installation of CCS at any facility is likely to be based on company specific planning and company specific strategies with the risk that there will be a considerable geographical spread of such installations over time leading to several small scale and single source-sink transport systems which will be more costly, affect the surroundings more and potentially also lead to increased local opposition to CCS. Additionally, such a development is also likely to require longer overall lead times since each system will have to be treated individually by for instance permitting authorities. This paper presents a methodology to distribute capture installations and captured volumes geographically over time in order to identify, analyze and visualize potential problems related to large scale build-up of CCS installations within Europe.
Energy Procedia
This paper examines cost, challenges and possibilities for the development of an integrated CCS t... more This paper examines cost, challenges and possibilities for the development of an integrated CCS transport infrastructure for the power, cement, refinery and steel and iron sectors in six EU member states: Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Poland and Slovakia. Input for ramp-up of CCS within the power sector has been provided by Chalmers Electricity Investment model (ELIN) while ramp-up of CCS in the three industry sectors is based on general assumptions. For each country, three types of CCS infrastructure systems have been assessed; for the power sector only, integrated for the power sector and the three industry sectors and finally, for the three industry sectors only. Transport cost has been calculated to range between € 1.0 and € 4.1 per ton CO2 in the power sector and to between € 1.6 and € 15.9 per ton in the industry sector. The low cost systems indicate a favorable distribution of sources and sinks while high cost systems are a result of low volumes and offshore ...
Energy Procedia
This paper presents an ongoing project with the aim to assess a CO2 infrastructure in the Skagerr... more This paper presents an ongoing project with the aim to assess a CO2 infrastructure in the Skagerrak/Kattegat region (the sea bordered by north of Denmark, south coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden). The area comprises 10–12 CO2 emission sources of more than 0.5 Mt/year.The geological and geophysical assessment of CO2 storage potential in the described area as well as reservoir modelling and simulations are performed in work package (WP) 1. The results from WP1 are used in the other work packages. Candidate storage sites are matched with those point sources in the region that are technically and economically feasible for CO2 capture, together with an assessment of the connecting infrastructure needs. WP2 focuses on identifying optimal technological CO2 infrastructure solutions. Sources-to-sink solutions are in the process of being developed based on input from WP1 and WP3. Assessment of the build-up of a complete CCS infrastructure from a system perspective is the overall fo...
International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
This paper investigates the role of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies as part of a portf... more This paper investigates the role of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies as part of a portfolio for reducing CO2 emissions from the European electricity generation system until the year 2050. Special emphasis is put on the ramp-up of CCS with respect to timing of investments and requirement of corresponding CO2 transportation and storage infrastructure. The investigation comprises scenario analysis through modeling possible development of the electricity supply system for EU25 and together with a more detailed analysis of Northern Europe (Germany, UK, Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway). The modeling has been carried out with a techno-economic model (minimizing the system cost) including a detailed description of the present stationary European electricity generation system as obtained from the Chalmers Energy Infrastructure database.It is concluded that CCS can play a significant role in reducing CO2 emissions at a cost in the range of 20–60 €/t over the period studied. In E...
Energy Procedia
This paper studies the potential lay-out of CCS infrastructure in Europe, by combining techno-eco... more This paper studies the potential lay-out of CCS infrastructure in Europe, by combining techno-economic modelling of Europs‘s electricity sector with a detailed modelling and analysis of a CO2 transport infrastructure. First, the electricity sector is described using the Chalmers Electricity Investment Model, which, for each EU member state, yields the technology mix including CCS - until the year 2050. The model gives the lowest system cost under a given CO2 emission reduction target. Thus, the model gives the annual flows of CO2 being captured by country and fuel. Secondly, these flows are used as input to InfraCCS, a cost optimization tool for bulk CO2 pipelines. Finally, the results from InfraCCS are applied along with Chalmers databases on power plants and CO2 storage sites to design the development over time of a detailed CO2 transport network across Europe considering the spatial distribution of power plants and storage locations. Two scenarios are studied: with and without on...
Energy Policy
This paper examines global oil resources and the future global oil supply/demand balance. The pap... more This paper examines global oil resources and the future global oil supply/demand balance. The paper builds upon several comprehensive databases designed during the work and considerable efforts have been made to review what must be considered the most reliable data. Global oil resources have been investigated on three levels; country, company and field levels.Although no decisive conclusions or quantitative assessments can be made with respect to the global oil resource base, remaining resources appear to be sufficient to meet demand up to 2030 as projected in the 2006 (and 2007) world energy outlook by the IEA. Significant resources have already been discovered beyond proven reserves, many prospective regions remain to be fully explored and there are vast volumes of recoverable unconventional oil. However, it is also concluded that global supply of oil probably will continue to be tight, both in the medium term as well as in the long term mainly as a consequence of above-ground fac...
Management of Environmental Quality An International Journal
Purpose – The aim of this study is to assess the role of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologi... more Purpose – The aim of this study is to assess the role of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies in the reduction of CO2 emissions from European industries. Design/methodology/approach – A database covering all industrial installations included in the EU ETS has been created. Potential capture sources have been identified and the potential for CO2 capture has been estimated based on branch- and plant-specific conditions. Emphasis is placed here on three branches of industry with promising prospects for CCS: mineral oil refineries, iron and steel, and cement manufacturers. Findings – A relatively small number (∼270) of large installations (>500,000 tCO2/year) dominates emissions from the three branches investigated in this study. Together these installations emit 432 MtCO2/year, 8 percent of EU's total greenhouse gas emissions. If the full potential of emerging CO2 capture technologies was realized, some 270-330 MtCO2 emissions could be avoided annually. Further, several re...
Energy Policy
This paper presents a newly established database of the European power plant infrastructure (powe... more This paper presents a newly established database of the European power plant infrastructure (power plants, fuel infrastructure, fuel resources and CO2 storage options) for the EU25 member states (MS) and applies the database in a general discussion of the European power plant and natural gas infrastructure as well as in a simple simulation analysis of British and German power generation up to the year 2050 with respect to phase-out of existing generation capacity, fuel mix and fuel dependency. The results are discussed with respect to age structure of the current production plants, CO2 emissions, natural gas dependency and CO2 capture and storage (CCS) under stringent CO2 emission constraints.The analysis of the information from the power plant database, which includes planned projects, shows large variations in power plant infrastructure between the MS and a clear shift to natural gas-fuelled power plants during the last decade. The data indicates that this shift may continue in th...
Energy Procedia, 2013
ABSTRACT This paper gives an overview of results from a project which explored the feasibility of... more ABSTRACT This paper gives an overview of results from a project which explored the feasibility of establishing a CO2 Capture and Storage infrastructure in the Skagerrak/Kattegat region of Southern Scandinavia. This involves assessment of the technical and economic parameters of the complete CCS chain and, in particular, identification of possible storage locations.
Energy Procedia, 2014
ABSTRACT NORDICCS is a virtual CCS networking platform aiming for increased CCS deployment in the... more ABSTRACT NORDICCS is a virtual CCS networking platform aiming for increased CCS deployment in the five Nordic countries. This paper reports from work investigating options for CO2 transport infrastructure in the Nordic region. Five specific CCS cases have been selected from which capture is analyzed in detail and from which CO2 transport cost has been calculated assuming CO2 being captured only at the site itself or, assuming the selected capture site develops into a CO2-hub with CO2 from several adjacent sources. In the latter case cost has been calculated defining for what volumes pipeline transport becomes less costly than corresponding ship transport. Additionally, cost for both pipeline and ship transport has been calculated as a function of distance and volume in order to apply these calculations to derive the least costly transport mode for the fifty-five largest sources in the region with a coastal location. Also, the effect on cost for systems that will require ramp-up (i.e. transported volumes increase over time) has been calculated. Finally, an analysis of the potential for build-up of clusters in the region was performed. The work clearly shows that ship transport is the least costly transport option, not only for the five selected cases individually but also for most of the emission sources located along the coastline. The work also shows that ship transport is the least costly transport option for most of the potential clusters in the region during the ramp-up phase. An obvious but still important conclusion is that constrained storage capability and injectivity may have a profound impact on design and cost of a CO2 transport system.
... security of supply and, for planned projects, the likeliness of the project being carried ...... more ... security of supply and, for planned projects, the likeliness of the project being carried ... contains vital gas and oil fields, LNG plants and regasification terminals, pipelines and sales ... with two new LNG terminals entering into operation plus possibly the Medgaz pipeline from Algeria ...
Alliance for Global Sustainability BookSeries, 2008
Energy Procedia, 2013
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to estimate the prospects of carbon capture and storage (CCS) i... more ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to estimate the prospects of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in the Eur opean electricity supply system taking into account possible forthcoming policy based on the recent EU Energy Roadmap communication, which suggests a 93 to 99% reduction in CO2 emissions relative 1990 levels from the electricity sector by the year 2050. Furthermore, the effect of whether or not onshore storage will be accepted is investigated. The work is based on techno-economic modeling of the European electricity generation sector under different assumptions (scenarios) of the future with respect to electricity demand and fuel prices. The results indicate that the contribution from CCS on a member state level depends on local conditions, e.g., access to local fuels like lignite, and whether or not onshore storage will be allowed. Excluding on-shore storage in aquifers, the modeling results give that CCS is centralized around the North Sea. Natural gas fired conventional power plants is likely to be a serious competitor to coal CCS in the short to medium term providing large emission reduction opportunities by fuel shifting from existing coal power plants to new high efficient gas fired combined cycles. Such development can be a barrier for early deployment of CCS, and hence, result in a delay in commercialization of CCS. The scenarios presented in the Energy Roadmap prescribe power systems almost without net CO2 emissions by 2050, which implies that CCS technologies by the year 2050 must be of a zero-emission type. The modeling presented here indicates in general a large increase in technologies with low CO2 emissions, renewables as well as a significant contribution from CCS technologies, where CCS in the investigated scenarios have the potential to contribute as much as 25-35% of total electricity generation at around year 2050.
This paper provides some initial results from the project “CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat-region” ... more This paper provides some initial results from the project “CCS in the Skagerrak/Kattegat-region” which is an intraregional CCS project partly funded by the EU. The project assesses the prospects for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) from industry and power plants located in the Skagerrak region which comprises northern Denmark, south-east coast of Norway and the west coast of Sweden. The
Energy Policy, 2007
... The Chalmers PP db (Table 1) is designed to fully describe the European power plant structure... more ... The Chalmers PP db (Table 1) is designed to fully describe the European power plant structure and will eventually contain all thermal and hydropower plants with a power output of at least 10MW, all offshore wind farms, plus cross-border transmission capacity. ...