Joseph Grzywacz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Joseph Grzywacz

In 2011-2014, the MIDUS Refresher study recruited a national probability sample of 3,577 adults, ... more In 2011-2014, the MIDUS Refresher study recruited a national probability sample of 3,577 adults, aged 25 to 74, designed to replenish the original MIDUS 1 baseline cohort and paralleling the five decadal age groups of the MIDUS 1 baseline survey [ICPSR 2760]. The MIDUS Refresher survey employed the same comprehensive assessments as those assembled on the existing MIDUS sample, but with additional questions about the effect of the economic recession of 2008-09. The MIDUS Refresher collection is split into two datasets: Aggregate Data and Coded Text Data. The Coded Text Dataset provides coded responses to open-ended question items in the Aggregate Dataset. The survey data collection (Project 1) [MIDUS, ICPSR 2760] consisted of a 30-minute phone interview followed by two 50-page mailed self-administered questionnaires. Survey data were collected on demographic, psycho-social, and physical and mental health information. This new crosssectional MIDUS sample allows the examination of peri...

Innovation in Aging, 2020

Understanding “successful aging” is a primary goal of gerontology and adult development researche... more Understanding “successful aging” is a primary goal of gerontology and adult development researchers that has been motivated by rapid the increases in life expectancy over the last 100 years. Successful aging, as it is understood by Rowe and Kahn, is conceptualized multidimensionally in terms of limited disease and disability, high physical, mental and cognitive functioning, and active engagement with life. “Success” in all three domains reflects the idealized manifestation of “successful aging.” Nevertheless, research on successful aging typically focuses on only one or two aspects of the model – most commonly physical disease or disability. The overall goal of this research is to advance understanding and subsequent attempts to promote holistic successful aging. Specifically, using key metrics from each domain of successful aging from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), this study characterizes distinct profiles of successful aging, and it describes the distributi...

Public Health Reports, 2019

Family relations, 2017

Family science has been doing translational science since before it came into vogue. Nevertheless... more Family science has been doing translational science since before it came into vogue. Nevertheless, the field has been subjected to the same forces in the broader academy that have created a widening chasm between discovery and practice. Thus, the primary objective of this article is to translate the principles, concepts, and models of translational science to solidify an identity for family science and help the field move forward in broader academic, care delivery, and policy arenas. Alternative models of translational science, primarily from biomedicine but also from other disciplines, are reviewed and critically analyzed, and core concepts and principles are isolated, elaborated, and applied to family science. Family science's long-standing commitment to the doctrine of evidence-based practice, and its ongoing endorsement of the principles of scientific duality and multidisciplinary utility, places it in a preeminent position for using the zeitgeist of translational science to...

Population Research and Policy Review, 2017

Getting under the skin: children's health disparities as embodiment of social class.Population Re... more Getting under the skin: children's health disparities as embodiment of social class.Population Research and Policy Review .

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), Oct 1, 2016

To examine whether perceived weight discrimination is associated with change in health markers ov... more To examine whether perceived weight discrimination is associated with change in health markers over time and whether it is associated with daily stressors, physical symptoms, and affect. Participants were selected from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study if they had data on perceived weight discrimination and health markers at MIDUS II (2004-2006), health markers at MIDUS III (2013-2014), and a body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) (N = 1,841). A subset of these participants (N = 1,153) reported on their experiences daily for 8 days as part of the second National Study of Daily Experiences. Perceived weight discrimination was associated with declines in mental and physical health over time (median β = 0.06). Participants who reported weight discrimination experienced more daily stressors (β = 0.13), physical symptoms (β = 0.13), and negative affect (β = 0.13) and less positive affect (β = -0.12) over the 8 days of the second National Study of Daily Experiences. Weight discriminatio...

Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 2016

Ongoing exposure to social stressors is widely believed to undermine the health of Hispanic immig... more Ongoing exposure to social stressors is widely believed to undermine the health of Hispanic immigrant families. The current work aims to explore and interpret expressions of familismo as a framework through which postimmigration experiences are interpreted and potentially given meaning. Qualitative data were obtained from 16 focus groups in California and Massachusetts (N = 93). Fifty-two percent of the participants identified as male and 59% primarily spoke Spanish. Analyses revealed 3 distinct forms of ambivalence specific to familismo among Hispanic adults from immigrant families. Give and take described experiences wherein immigrants turn their backs on family in the short term to realize a better long-term future for the family. Negative change explained family misfortunes that arise in the pursuit of a better future for the family and creates doubts about the vision that motivated migration. Forced shifts suggests the navigation of daily life necessitates the inversion or abandonment of culturally idealized family roles and responsibilities. Hispanic adults from immigrant families described several situations in which competing views of familismo likely influenced the interpretation of unanticipated stressors. (PsycINFO Database Record

Background: HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) disproportionately affect US farmworkers... more Background: HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) disproportionately affect US farmworkers. Little is known about sexual risk among Latino farmworkers in the rural Southeast. Methods: We collected alcohol and drug use and HIV and STD infection behaviors among Latino migrant farmworkers living in eastern NC. Data were collected during the 2008 summer growing season in 29 farmworker camps. Participants completed an interviewer-administered behavioral risk assessment and provided a venous blood sample tested by rapid plasma regain for syphilis antibodies. Results: Of the 109 male participants, mean age was 37.0 (9.1; range 19-68) years. All reported being originally from Mexico. Nearly half reported educational attainment of 6 grades or fewer. Acculturation was low. More than 93% of the participants reported being married or living as married (n=102), and of these 88% reported being unaccompanied. None reported sex with another man during the past 3 months. Knowledge of HIV and ...

Research in the Sociology of Health Care

ABSTRACT

Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 2014

her valuable guidance, encouragement, and comment, I cannot accomplish the study smoothly. Also, ... more her valuable guidance, encouragement, and comment, I cannot accomplish the study smoothly. Also, I would like to take the opportunity to thank all the participants for their support. They provided valuable time, effort and information to contribute to the project. Finally, I am thankful for the encouragement and support of my classmates, friends and family.

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 2013

This study documents the mental health of Mexican migrant men in a new non-traditional settlement... more This study documents the mental health of Mexican migrant men in a new non-traditional settlement in the Rocky Mountain West and examines the role of family separation and other structural and situational stressors in relation to depressive symptoms. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted interviewer-assisted surveys with 134 Mexican migrant men. Findings revealed that, overall, 46 % of participants reported depressive symptoms in the range for clinical concern and that single and married men who were separated from their families were particularly vulnerable to poor mental health. Best predictors of depression included both structural stressors (family separation, sending remittances to Mexico) and situational stressors (fearfulness, worry about police confrontation, treatment by non-Latinos, and lack of support). These findings highlight the need for complex and contextually-sensitive mental health interventions designed to protect this vulnerable population on the migration frontier and to promote their mental health.

Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority Public Health, Jan 20, 2014

Workplace stress likely plays a role in health disparities; however, applying standard measures t... more Workplace stress likely plays a role in health disparities; however, applying standard measures to studies of immigrants requires thoughtful consideration. The goal of this study was to determine the appropriateness of two measures of occupational stressors ('decision latitude' and 'job…

The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 2008

There is substantial interest in the potential health effects of workplace flexibility; however, ... more There is substantial interest in the potential health effects of workplace flexibility; however, the literature linking flexibility to health is limited. The purpose of this study was to enhance understanding of the potential benefits of flexibility for employee health and well-being. Additionally, this study determines if this association is mediated by work–family balance. Results from longitudinal data obtained from a

Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 2001

Grounded in ecological theory, this study examines the association among participation in regular... more Grounded in ecological theory, this study examines the association among participation in regular vigorous exercise and social status, aspects of prominent life settings, interactions between life settings, and more proximal individual resources and processes using data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (N = 3,032). Among women, a higher level of earnings was associated with more vigorous exercise, yet those women with more education had a steeper decline in exercise across adulthood. Among men, those with the lowest level of education had the steepest decline in physical activity across adulthood, and earnings did not affect exercise patterns. Less participation in vigorous exercise among blacks, in contrast to nonblacks, was explained by their tendency to live in less safe neighborhoods and having more functional health problems. Finally, contextual factors from multiple domains were independently associated with participation in regular exercise. Consistent with ecological theory, these results suggest that interventions to promote exercise habits among adults need to consider the independent and interactive effects of multiple contextual factors.

American Journal of Public Health, 2003

We cannot make a causal connection between the food messages to which African Americans are expos... more We cannot make a causal connection between the food messages to which African Americans are exposed and obesity. Many other factors could contribute to weight gain in this group. 11 However, television watching has been linked specifically to obesity. 4-6,12 Television's content, as well as the sedentary nature of viewing itself, may promote energy imbalance. Viewers mimic behaviors seen on-screen, including the purchasing and consumption of foods. 4,13-15 A recent study showed that exposure to food commercials created preferences for the advertised products among preschoolers. 16 Therefore, food messages could lead to the increased consumption of food in general or, specifically, low-nutrient foods such as candy and soda among African Americans. Finding more overweight characters on Black prime time shows may be an accurate reflection of weight status among African Americans. Positive portrayals of overweight characters may endorse the acceptance of obesity and protect African Americans from the psychological stigma of being overweight but also could diminish the recognition of adverse health consequences related to obesity. The greater number of adolescents and young adults on the African American programs suggests that the viewing audience is younger, perhaps explaining the greater number of food advertisements found on Black prime time. However, younger viewers are also likely to be especially susceptible to advertising influences. If these differences between African American and general television programs are found to persist in future studies, when combined with more television watching, 1 African American audiences may be receiving nearly 3 times as many advertisements for low-nutrient foods such as candy and soda and more portrayals of overweight characters, signifying that television viewing for African Americans may promote obesity.

American Journal of Health Behavior, 2011

Objective-This study compared how education, race, and screening status affected men's knowledge ... more Objective-This study compared how education, race, and screening status affected men's knowledge about colorectal cancer, and their views of three screenings, the fecal occult blood test (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Methods-In-depth interviews were conducted with 65 African-American and white men with diverse education backgrounds with similar numbers screened and unscreened. Results-Education was associated with knowledge about colorectal cancer and the colonoscopy. Screening status and education were related to FOBT knowledge. Men knew little about the sigmoidoscopy. Conclusion-Intervention programs should tailor education about colorectal cancer and screening by educational attainment levels, not by race. Keywords colorectal cancer; colorectal cancer screening; health disparities; African-American Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the United States. The American Cancer Society (ACS) reports that in 2009 doctors diagnosed nearly 147,000 new cases of colorectal cancer and that 49,920 people died from the cancer the same year. 1 Compared to white men, African-American men have more than 20 percent higher incident rates and 45 percent higher mortality rates from colorectal cancer. 2 Because routine colorectal cancer screening detects cancer at an earlier, more treatable stage, the American Cancer Society and the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommend routine screening at age

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022

Pesticides used to control insects, such as pyrethroids, are neurotoxicants, yet adolescent resea... more Pesticides used to control insects, such as pyrethroids, are neurotoxicants, yet adolescent researchers often overlook their potential role in adolescent psychological adjustment. This brief report is guided by bioecological theory and considers the possible independent and interactive effects of environmental pyrethroid pesticide exposure for adolescent depressive symptoms. Self-reported adolescent appraisals of the parent–child relationship and depressive symptoms were obtained from a convenience sample of impoverished, predominantly Latino urban youth (n = 44). Exposure to environmental pyrethroids was obtained from wipe samples using a standardized protocol. Parent–adolescent conflict was higher in households with bifenthrin than those without, and adolescent depressive symptoms were elevated in homes where cypermethrin was detected. In addition, the presence of bifenthrin in the home attenuated the protective effects of parental involvement on adolescent depressive symptoms. Th...

Research Perspectives on Work and the Transition to Motherhood, 2016

The goal of this chapter is to further theoretical understanding of the potential impact of mater... more The goal of this chapter is to further theoretical understanding of the potential impact of maternal work on child health outcomes. We discuss limitations of role theory as a framework and utilize the concept of “weaving strategies” as family adaptive mechanisms that working women use to reconcile work and parenting demands. We present an empirical, structured interview-based study (n = 217 mothers) of maternal weaving strategies and their relationship with a host of child health outcomes. Six maternal weaving strategies were identified through factor analysis: positive reframing of work, modifying standards, time management, quick meals, selective socialization and limiting work. There was clear variability in use of alternative weaving strategies by marital status, race, household poverty status, and maternal work schedules. As expected, given the multidimensionality of child health, associations of different weaving strategies with discrete child health outcomes at different points in children’s first year of life varied.

Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2018

Based on the Women, Work, and Wee Ones longitudinal study, mothers' likelihood of breastfeedi... more Based on the Women, Work, and Wee Ones longitudinal study, mothers' likelihood of breastfeeding is examined across demographic and health variables. Frequencies of breastfeeding and cosleeping by 285 mothers from the Women, Work, and Wee Ones cohort are reported as related to mothers' work schedule, marital status, or mother or infant health. Breastfeeding rates were about 30% across most maternal characteristics. The frequency of mothers' breastfeeding was higher when mothers were both breastfeeding and cosleeping (breastfeeding-cosleeping), in comparison with breastfeeding only, as evident for mothers with nonstandard work schedules. Cosleeping was common across all mothers. Breastfeeding rates were low, perhaps reflecting challenges of early care. Premature infants were more likely to be cosleeping than breastfeeding. Approximately 30% of mothers breastfed across the different factors examined. The information may help nurse practitioners in addressing early care need...

American journal of health behavior, 2017

We determined the degree of parent-adolescent concordance in reported household food security, an... more We determined the degree of parent-adolescent concordance in reported household food security, and delineated variation in concordance as a function of selected household and parent-adolescent relationship characteristics. Cross-tabulations and Cohen's Kappa determined concordance. Multinomial logistic regressions delineated variation in concordance as a function of selected household and parent-adolescent relationship characteristics for Latino parent and adolescent dyads (N = 70). Nearly half the households had concordant reports of household food security, but 34% were "discordant" such that parents reported food insecurity but adolescents did not, and 17% were "discordant" wherein adolescents reported food insecurity but parents did not. Elevated parent-adolescent conflict was associated with greater odds of discordance wherein adolescent reported food insecurity but parent did not. Households with female adolescents and income ≥ $30,000/year were associa...