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Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 2022
The piriform aperture (PA) is the skeletal aperture located in the middle part of the face. There... more The piriform aperture (PA) is the skeletal aperture located in the middle part of the face. There are many variations in morphometric measurements of nasal bones, piriform apertures and their shapes in different population. Objective of present study was to study morphological and morphometric features of nasal bone and piriform aperture. Adult human skulls available from collection of dried skulls were used for study purpose. Skull bones of unknown age and sex were obtained. Height, width of nasal bone, height, upper and lower width of piriform aperture, shapes of nasal bone and piriform aperture were observed. Height, upper width and lower width of piriform aperture were greater in male as compared to female. This difference was not statistically significant for upper width of piriform aperture (p=0.49) and for lower width of piriform aperture (p= 0.65) while the difference in height of piriform aperture was statistically significant. (p <0.0001).Differences in Height and width...
National journal of clinical anatomy, Jul 1, 2013
Background and Objective: A common and deadly cause of sudden abdominal discomfort is acute appen... more Background and Objective: A common and deadly cause of sudden abdominal discomfort is acute appendicitis. The surgeons frequently had trouble locating the vermiform appendix in its regular location. For an effective therapy, a thorough analysis of the vermiform appendix's various locations is required. The objective of this study is to investigate and compile extensive anatomical data on the location variation of the vermiform appendix in the cadavers of western Indians. The structure's morphometry was determined. Materials and Methods: The study of appendix was carried out on 25 cadavers available in the department of anatomy. Metrical parameters such as length, diameter and distance of appendicular orifice from ileum were measured. The different positions of appendix in and the variations of the mesoappendix were noted. Mean and standred deviations were calculated. Results: Length of appendix was 5.47± 1.59, diameter at base was 6.85±1.82, diameter at tip was 3.94± 1.11, distance of appendicular orifice below ileum was 1.14±0.85 and Distance of appendicular orifice below ileum inside was 2.19 ±0.78. The most common position of mesoappendix was mesoappendix reaches the tip 37 (74%) followed by mesoappendix does not reaching the tip was 13 (26%). Conclusion: The most common position was retrocaecal 20(40%) followed by pelvic 15 (30%) least common was midinguinal. From various positions of vermiform appendix we can understand the possible outcome of the appendicitis specifically location of site of pain. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology
Scapula is a flat triangular bone lies on chest wall from second to sixth ribs. Its lateral angle... more Scapula is a flat triangular bone lies on chest wall from second to sixth ribs. Its lateral angle is truncated and shows variable morphology in shape. The objectives of the present study were to obtain morphometric data of scapulae and the glenoid cavity specifically the diameters and various shape of glenoid.: The present study was conducted on 90 right scapulae and 90 left scapulae. Metrical and nonmetrical measurements were noted. Length of scapulae, breadth of scapulae, height of Glenoid cavity, antero-posterior diameter 1 and antero-posterior diameter 2 were observed. Shape of Glenoid cavity was noted.Length of scapula on right side was 135.40±13.2mm and on left side it was 136.5±12.9mm. Breadth of scapula on right side was 98.7 ±7.2mm on left side it was 98.2±6.8mm but the difference was not statistically significant. The height of Glenoid cavity on right side was 35.2±2.9mm and on left side it was 35.8±3.1. Antero-posterior diameter 1 of Glenoid cavity on right side was 24.2±...
Folia Morphologica, 2015
Background: The vermiform appendix is a worm-like tube containing a large amount of lymphoid foll... more Background: The vermiform appendix is a worm-like tube containing a large amount of lymphoid follicles. In our knowledge, there is a little standard data about the vermiform appendix in Iranian population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the normal appendix size in Iranian cadavers.
The morphological features of interubercular sulcus (ITS) of humerus were studied in 164 intact d... more The morphological features of interubercular sulcus (ITS) of humerus were studied in 164 intact dry paired humeri in Western regions of India. The length, width, depth, angle between medial and lateral wall of ITS with its floor was measured and the incidence of supratubercular ridge of Meyer was noted. The data were tabulated as mean ± SD and statistically compared between the right and left side. There was no statistically difference in these parameters between the left and right side (P>0.05). The supratubercular ridge was seen in 85 (51.82%) humeri. This study shows that the variations in ITS of humerus are common in western Indian population. We believe that this study will be an important reference for scientific research, and the details are also important for anthropologists and clinical anatomists. Introduction: The bicipital groove of the proximal humerus is formed by the medial and lateral tuberosities and serves to re- tain the long biceps tendon in its proper place a...
European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2020
The study was undertaken to see the variation of the suprascapular notch. The notch is present on... more The study was undertaken to see the variation of the suprascapular notch. The notch is present on the superior border of the scapula near the root of coracoid process. It is roofed by the superior transverse ligament and is converted into foramen for the passage of suprascapular nerve. The study was carried out on 121 scapulae in the department of Anatomy RMC Loni, Ahmednagar. The parameters included in the study were presence of notch, shape of notch, transvers length of notch, edge of notch, ossification of transverse ligament and other finding were also noted. The parameters were measured by Vernier calliper and appropriate statistical tests were applied. The supra-scapular notch was present in 82.64% of scapulae. U Deep shaped notch was most common shape followed by J shallow shaped notch. Round edge at the depth of the notch was more common. The knowledge of suprascapular notch variations is of great importance for surgeons performing suprascapular nerve decompression especiall...
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology
The piriform aperture (PA) is the skeletal aperture located in the middle part of the face. There... more The piriform aperture (PA) is the skeletal aperture located in the middle part of the face. There are many variations in morphometric measurements of nasal bones, piriform apertures and their shapes in different population. Objective of present study was to study morphological and morphometric features of nasal bone and piriform aperture. Adult human skulls available from collection of dried skulls were used for study purpose. Skull bones of unknown age and sex were obtained. Height, width of nasal bone, height, upper and lower width of piriform aperture, shapes of nasal bone and piriform aperture were observed. Height, upper width and lower width of piriform aperture were greater in male as compared to female. This difference was not statistically significant for upper width of piriform aperture (p=0.49) and for lower width of piriform aperture (p= 0.65) while the difference in height of piriform aperture was statistically significant. (p <0.0001).Differences in Height and width...
Background: Text-books in Anatomy describe the presence of ‘small and unimportant cartilage triti... more Background: Text-books in Anatomy describe the presence of ‘small and unimportant cartilage triticea (like a wheat grain)’. The lateral portion of thyrohyoid ligament is round cord like and very elastic and in its upper part contains a small nodule. The cartilage triticea probably reinforce the thyrohyoid ligament. It presumably adds to the strength of ligament. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of triticeous cartilage and to study its shape, dimensions and weight. Material and method: The study was carried out on 50 Laryngeal preparations from cadavers of both sexes. Presence/Absence of cartilage triticea was observed. The cartilages were cleaned and preserved in 5 % formalin. Dimensions (length and diameter) of triticeous cartilages were measured with the help of digital Vernier caliper. The measurements were taken to the nearest 0.01 mm. The cartilages were weighed on Single pan electronic balance (sensitive to 0.01 gm). Result: In the present...
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Jul 31, 2016
Background: In the distal end of humerus, the coronoid fossa in front and the olecranon fossa beh... more Background: In the distal end of humerus, the coronoid fossa in front and the olecranon fossa behind is separated by a thin lamina of bone, the coronoidolecranon septum (COS). This thin plate of bone sometimes become transparent or perforated in some cases and give rise to a foramen called septal aperture or commonly known as supratrochlear foramen (STF). Objective: The present study describes the incidence, different shapes, morphological features, and clinical importance of foramen in the humerus of Western Indian population. Materials and Methods: The presence of supratrochlear foramen was studied in 85 dry adult humeri of unknown sex and of both sides. A total of 170 (85 right sided and 85 left sided) Adult human dried humeri were obtained. Mean and standard deviations for different measurement of foramina was calculated. Unpaired t test was applied to test the significance of difference of different measurements of the foramen of the humerus between left and right side. Results: Out of total 170 humeri studied STF were present in 61(35.88%) humeri. Most of foramen were oval shaped that is 32(37.64) on left side and 08(9.41%) on right side. Most of septum on left side 27 (31.76%) and right side of humeri 35 (41.17%) were having translucent septum. Difference between measurements of vertical and transverse diameter of right and left sided foramina were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Difference between measurements of distance of foramen from medial epicondyle and lateral epicondyle and midpoint of trochlea on right and left sides were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: The supratrochlear foramen has much clinical importance. The foramen should be kept in mind during any surgical or radiological intervention to aid in proper diagnosis and treatment.
Address for Correspondence: Dr. Mohini M Joshi, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Rural... more Address for Correspondence: Dr. Mohini M Joshi, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Dist. Ahmadnagar, Maharashtra, India. Mobile No: +919762601050. E-Mail: atharvamohini@gmail.com Access this Article online Quick Response code Web site: *1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, India. 2 Dean, Anatomy, Arbindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, India. 3 Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, Arbindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, India. Background: Text-books in Anatomy describe the presence of ‘small and unimportant cartilage triticea (like a wheat grain)’. The lateral portion of thyrohyoid ligament is round cord like and very elastic and in its upper part contains a small nodule. The cartilage triticea probably reinforce the thyrohyoid ligament. It presumably adds to the strength of ligament. Objective: The objective of t...
Journal of Laryngology …, 2011
... 18. 19. Hesham A, Hamza A, Gaafar A, Ahmed A. Partial laser arytenoidectomy in the management... more ... 18. 19. Hesham A, Hamza A, Gaafar A, Ahmed A. Partial laser arytenoidectomy in the management of bilateral vocal fold immobility: A modification based on functional anatomical study of the cricoarytenoid joint. Saudi Med J 2005;26:1539-45. Back to cited text no. 19. Figures. ...
National Journal of Clinical Anatomy
The axillary arch of Langer (Axillopectoral muscle) is the most common anatomical variant of the ... more The axillary arch of Langer (Axillopectoral muscle) is the most common anatomical variant of the axillary musculature. During the dissection of a 63 year old male cadaver, an unusual muscle band was encountered bilaterally and identified as an axillary arch. We here describe the morphology and relationships of the axillary arch in the light of previous such reports. The knowledge of this muscle variation is important for the clinicians, with regards to its potential to cause significant iatrogenic functional defects. Anatomical variations of the axilla are of relevance to surgeons, neurologist, radiologists and cosmetic surgeons due to the increasing surgical importance of this region during axillary surgery for breast cancer, reconstruction procedures, and axillary bypass operations. It is important that surgeons operating in the axilla be aware of this common anatomic variant.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research
Background: The liver is the largest of the abdominal viscera, occupying a substantial portion of... more Background: The liver is the largest of the abdominal viscera, occupying a substantial portion of the upper abdominal cavity. It is essential to have knowledge of the normal and variant liver anatomy. Objective: Objective of the present study was to study morphology of liver and its variations. Materials and Methods: The hundred liver specimens available in the department of Anatomy were studied. The liver specimens were numbered and photographs were taken along with proper documentation. Caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver were studied in detail for the size, shape, accessory fissures, and accessory lobes. For each of the parameters, the mean, standard deviation (S.D.) and range (minimum value-maximum value) was calculated. Result: The mean length of the caudate lobe was 5.33±1.01, breadth 2.75 ±0.65 and depth 1.93±0.55 while length of the quadrate lobe was 5.91±1.18 and breadth 3.00±0.80. The mean length of the right lobe was 13.62±2.23, breadth 8.13±1.45 while length of the left lobe was 12.20±2.12 and breadth 7.65±1.51. Morphological variations like caudate process, accessory fissures, Pons Hepatis, lingual process, papillary process, accessory lobes and variations in shapes of caudate and quadrate lobes were observed and reported. Conclusion: This study highlights some of the variations in the lobes and fissures of the liver. Various shapes of the caudate lobe and quadrate lobe were encountered. Knowledge of anatomical and morphological variations of liver is important for anatomist as well as for radiologist and hepatobiliary surgeons.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2015
Background: Morphometrical evaluation of the larynx has always been interesting for both morpholo... more Background: Morphometrical evaluation of the larynx has always been interesting for both morphologists and the physicians. A good understanding of the anatomy and the knowledge of variations in the laryngeal cartilages is important Objective: Objective of the present study was to collect exact and reliable morphometric data of thyroid cartilage in adult human larynx of regional population. Methods: The totals of 50 thyroid cartilage specimens were studied. The cartilages were preserved in 5% formalin. The measurements were taken with the help of Digital Vernier Caliper. The cartilages were weighed on Single pan electronic balance. For each of the parameters, the mean, standard deviation (S.D.) and range was calculated. Results: Mean depth of superior thyroid notch was 9.7± 3.36 mm. Asymmetry between the length of superior horn of thyroid cartilages in left and right sides can be seen, but difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). It is observed that inner thyroid angle varies from 55 to 104 0 and outer thyroid angle varies from 53 to 99 0. In present study mean weight of thyroid cartilage was 6.70±1.55 grams. Conclusions: A fair amount of intersubject variability in the dimensions was observed. Bilateral asymmetry, though present in majority of specimens, was insignificant. Various dimensions of thyroid cartilages are smaller as compared to the western population.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2014
Background: Plantaris is the largest muscle in mammals other than primates. Plantaris muscle has ... more Background: Plantaris is the largest muscle in mammals other than primates. Plantaris muscle has been a subject of much confusion and Evolutionists have speculated on its phylogenetic significance, as a vestigial organ, while surgeons have removed it 'useless vestige' to employ its tendon as a spare part for the surgical repair. In humans it is reduced greatly in size, power, and function and may even be absent. Aim: With this background the aim of the present work is to study morphology, describe the observed variations of the Plantaris muscle, and to discuss the functional significance of Plantaris muscle. Methodology: For the present work 84 limbs available in the department of Anatomy were dissected. The posterior aspect of the knee was dissected using standard surgical equipment and dissection techniques. The Plantaris muscle was isolated and length of fleshy belly and tendon were measured. Any variations in origin, insertion and size were recorded. Result: Variation in insertion of the Plantaris has observed like insertion along medial margin of tendocalcaneus on to calcaneus, in front of tendocalcaneus on to calcaneus, fused to tendocalcaneus and insertion of the Plantaris on deep fascia of leg at the level of ankle. Other variations noted were two bellies of the Plantaris one from lateral supracondylar ridge and other from deep surface of Gastrocnemius, two heads of Plantaris: Both bellies were fused in the lower part producing bipennate arrangement, thin & thick belly of the Plantaris muscle. Variations also observed in relation to origin that the muscle is originating from deep surface of lateral head of Gastrocnemius & in other case origin from capsule. Bicipital Plantaris was seen where one head was originating from capsule of knee joint and other from lateral condyle. Conclusion: In order to avoid any inadvertent injury during surgical operations, variation of the Plantaris must be borne in mind. Awareness of the insertion pattern of the Plantaris tendon is also important for clinicians in the diagnosis of muscle tears and for surgeons performing reconstructive procedures. Considering the above facts, the existence and importance of the Plantaris muscle cannot be undermined.
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2013
Zinc is an essential element whose significance to health is increasingly appreciated. In 1961 es... more Zinc is an essential element whose significance to health is increasingly appreciated. In 1961 essentiality of zinc for humans was recognized. A systematic literature search was done to identify relevant studies investigating the role of zinc in human health. This review concerns the importance of zinc in health and the consequences of its deficiency. Zinc deficiency leads to complications of pregnancy and childbirth, low birth weight and poor growth in childhood, reduced immunocompetence, and increased infectious disease morbidity. Pregnant women with zinc deficiency are at risk of premature labour and miscarriages, inefficient labour and delivery, stillbirths, lower mental ability of the child, retarded foetal growth and low immunity of both mother and baby. Zinc can reduce the duration, severity and incidence of diarrhoea in children. Zinc deficiency was indicated as a risk factor for immune deficiency and susceptibility to infection in the elderly. Zinc is used in preventive trials and treatment of diarrhoea, pneumonia, common cold, respiratory infections and malaria. Sufficient zinc is essential in maintaining immune system function. Supplementation of zinc and with other micronutrients may be beneficial during periods of greatest vulnerability such as early childhood, pregnancy and elderly. Ensuring adequate levels of zinc intake should be a key component in efforts to reduce illness.
International Journal of Biomedical Research, 2011
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION: METHODS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION ... Dr.Mohini Joshi 1* , Dr.Deshpa... more POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION: METHODS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION ... Dr.Mohini Joshi 1* , Dr.Deshpande JD 2 . ... 1 Department of Anatomy, Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Community ...
International Journal of Students' Research, 2011
Absence of superior cornua: a rare variant of thyroid cartilage anatomy.
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 2022
The piriform aperture (PA) is the skeletal aperture located in the middle part of the face. There... more The piriform aperture (PA) is the skeletal aperture located in the middle part of the face. There are many variations in morphometric measurements of nasal bones, piriform apertures and their shapes in different population. Objective of present study was to study morphological and morphometric features of nasal bone and piriform aperture. Adult human skulls available from collection of dried skulls were used for study purpose. Skull bones of unknown age and sex were obtained. Height, width of nasal bone, height, upper and lower width of piriform aperture, shapes of nasal bone and piriform aperture were observed. Height, upper width and lower width of piriform aperture were greater in male as compared to female. This difference was not statistically significant for upper width of piriform aperture (p=0.49) and for lower width of piriform aperture (p= 0.65) while the difference in height of piriform aperture was statistically significant. (p <0.0001).Differences in Height and width...
National journal of clinical anatomy, Jul 1, 2013
Background and Objective: A common and deadly cause of sudden abdominal discomfort is acute appen... more Background and Objective: A common and deadly cause of sudden abdominal discomfort is acute appendicitis. The surgeons frequently had trouble locating the vermiform appendix in its regular location. For an effective therapy, a thorough analysis of the vermiform appendix's various locations is required. The objective of this study is to investigate and compile extensive anatomical data on the location variation of the vermiform appendix in the cadavers of western Indians. The structure's morphometry was determined. Materials and Methods: The study of appendix was carried out on 25 cadavers available in the department of anatomy. Metrical parameters such as length, diameter and distance of appendicular orifice from ileum were measured. The different positions of appendix in and the variations of the mesoappendix were noted. Mean and standred deviations were calculated. Results: Length of appendix was 5.47± 1.59, diameter at base was 6.85±1.82, diameter at tip was 3.94± 1.11, distance of appendicular orifice below ileum was 1.14±0.85 and Distance of appendicular orifice below ileum inside was 2.19 ±0.78. The most common position of mesoappendix was mesoappendix reaches the tip 37 (74%) followed by mesoappendix does not reaching the tip was 13 (26%). Conclusion: The most common position was retrocaecal 20(40%) followed by pelvic 15 (30%) least common was midinguinal. From various positions of vermiform appendix we can understand the possible outcome of the appendicitis specifically location of site of pain. This is an Open Access (OA) journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology
Scapula is a flat triangular bone lies on chest wall from second to sixth ribs. Its lateral angle... more Scapula is a flat triangular bone lies on chest wall from second to sixth ribs. Its lateral angle is truncated and shows variable morphology in shape. The objectives of the present study were to obtain morphometric data of scapulae and the glenoid cavity specifically the diameters and various shape of glenoid.: The present study was conducted on 90 right scapulae and 90 left scapulae. Metrical and nonmetrical measurements were noted. Length of scapulae, breadth of scapulae, height of Glenoid cavity, antero-posterior diameter 1 and antero-posterior diameter 2 were observed. Shape of Glenoid cavity was noted.Length of scapula on right side was 135.40±13.2mm and on left side it was 136.5±12.9mm. Breadth of scapula on right side was 98.7 ±7.2mm on left side it was 98.2±6.8mm but the difference was not statistically significant. The height of Glenoid cavity on right side was 35.2±2.9mm and on left side it was 35.8±3.1. Antero-posterior diameter 1 of Glenoid cavity on right side was 24.2±...
Folia Morphologica, 2015
Background: The vermiform appendix is a worm-like tube containing a large amount of lymphoid foll... more Background: The vermiform appendix is a worm-like tube containing a large amount of lymphoid follicles. In our knowledge, there is a little standard data about the vermiform appendix in Iranian population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the normal appendix size in Iranian cadavers.
The morphological features of interubercular sulcus (ITS) of humerus were studied in 164 intact d... more The morphological features of interubercular sulcus (ITS) of humerus were studied in 164 intact dry paired humeri in Western regions of India. The length, width, depth, angle between medial and lateral wall of ITS with its floor was measured and the incidence of supratubercular ridge of Meyer was noted. The data were tabulated as mean ± SD and statistically compared between the right and left side. There was no statistically difference in these parameters between the left and right side (P>0.05). The supratubercular ridge was seen in 85 (51.82%) humeri. This study shows that the variations in ITS of humerus are common in western Indian population. We believe that this study will be an important reference for scientific research, and the details are also important for anthropologists and clinical anatomists. Introduction: The bicipital groove of the proximal humerus is formed by the medial and lateral tuberosities and serves to re- tain the long biceps tendon in its proper place a...
European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2020
The study was undertaken to see the variation of the suprascapular notch. The notch is present on... more The study was undertaken to see the variation of the suprascapular notch. The notch is present on the superior border of the scapula near the root of coracoid process. It is roofed by the superior transverse ligament and is converted into foramen for the passage of suprascapular nerve. The study was carried out on 121 scapulae in the department of Anatomy RMC Loni, Ahmednagar. The parameters included in the study were presence of notch, shape of notch, transvers length of notch, edge of notch, ossification of transverse ligament and other finding were also noted. The parameters were measured by Vernier calliper and appropriate statistical tests were applied. The supra-scapular notch was present in 82.64% of scapulae. U Deep shaped notch was most common shape followed by J shallow shaped notch. Round edge at the depth of the notch was more common. The knowledge of suprascapular notch variations is of great importance for surgeons performing suprascapular nerve decompression especiall...
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology
The piriform aperture (PA) is the skeletal aperture located in the middle part of the face. There... more The piriform aperture (PA) is the skeletal aperture located in the middle part of the face. There are many variations in morphometric measurements of nasal bones, piriform apertures and their shapes in different population. Objective of present study was to study morphological and morphometric features of nasal bone and piriform aperture. Adult human skulls available from collection of dried skulls were used for study purpose. Skull bones of unknown age and sex were obtained. Height, width of nasal bone, height, upper and lower width of piriform aperture, shapes of nasal bone and piriform aperture were observed. Height, upper width and lower width of piriform aperture were greater in male as compared to female. This difference was not statistically significant for upper width of piriform aperture (p=0.49) and for lower width of piriform aperture (p= 0.65) while the difference in height of piriform aperture was statistically significant. (p <0.0001).Differences in Height and width...
Background: Text-books in Anatomy describe the presence of ‘small and unimportant cartilage triti... more Background: Text-books in Anatomy describe the presence of ‘small and unimportant cartilage triticea (like a wheat grain)’. The lateral portion of thyrohyoid ligament is round cord like and very elastic and in its upper part contains a small nodule. The cartilage triticea probably reinforce the thyrohyoid ligament. It presumably adds to the strength of ligament. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of triticeous cartilage and to study its shape, dimensions and weight. Material and method: The study was carried out on 50 Laryngeal preparations from cadavers of both sexes. Presence/Absence of cartilage triticea was observed. The cartilages were cleaned and preserved in 5 % formalin. Dimensions (length and diameter) of triticeous cartilages were measured with the help of digital Vernier caliper. The measurements were taken to the nearest 0.01 mm. The cartilages were weighed on Single pan electronic balance (sensitive to 0.01 gm). Result: In the present...
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Jul 31, 2016
Background: In the distal end of humerus, the coronoid fossa in front and the olecranon fossa beh... more Background: In the distal end of humerus, the coronoid fossa in front and the olecranon fossa behind is separated by a thin lamina of bone, the coronoidolecranon septum (COS). This thin plate of bone sometimes become transparent or perforated in some cases and give rise to a foramen called septal aperture or commonly known as supratrochlear foramen (STF). Objective: The present study describes the incidence, different shapes, morphological features, and clinical importance of foramen in the humerus of Western Indian population. Materials and Methods: The presence of supratrochlear foramen was studied in 85 dry adult humeri of unknown sex and of both sides. A total of 170 (85 right sided and 85 left sided) Adult human dried humeri were obtained. Mean and standard deviations for different measurement of foramina was calculated. Unpaired t test was applied to test the significance of difference of different measurements of the foramen of the humerus between left and right side. Results: Out of total 170 humeri studied STF were present in 61(35.88%) humeri. Most of foramen were oval shaped that is 32(37.64) on left side and 08(9.41%) on right side. Most of septum on left side 27 (31.76%) and right side of humeri 35 (41.17%) were having translucent septum. Difference between measurements of vertical and transverse diameter of right and left sided foramina were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Difference between measurements of distance of foramen from medial epicondyle and lateral epicondyle and midpoint of trochlea on right and left sides were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: The supratrochlear foramen has much clinical importance. The foramen should be kept in mind during any surgical or radiological intervention to aid in proper diagnosis and treatment.
Address for Correspondence: Dr. Mohini M Joshi, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Rural... more Address for Correspondence: Dr. Mohini M Joshi, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Dist. Ahmadnagar, Maharashtra, India. Mobile No: +919762601050. E-Mail: atharvamohini@gmail.com Access this Article online Quick Response code Web site: *1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, India. 2 Dean, Anatomy, Arbindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, India. 3 Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, Arbindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, India. Background: Text-books in Anatomy describe the presence of ‘small and unimportant cartilage triticea (like a wheat grain)’. The lateral portion of thyrohyoid ligament is round cord like and very elastic and in its upper part contains a small nodule. The cartilage triticea probably reinforce the thyrohyoid ligament. It presumably adds to the strength of ligament. Objective: The objective of t...
Journal of Laryngology …, 2011
... 18. 19. Hesham A, Hamza A, Gaafar A, Ahmed A. Partial laser arytenoidectomy in the management... more ... 18. 19. Hesham A, Hamza A, Gaafar A, Ahmed A. Partial laser arytenoidectomy in the management of bilateral vocal fold immobility: A modification based on functional anatomical study of the cricoarytenoid joint. Saudi Med J 2005;26:1539-45. Back to cited text no. 19. Figures. ...
National Journal of Clinical Anatomy
The axillary arch of Langer (Axillopectoral muscle) is the most common anatomical variant of the ... more The axillary arch of Langer (Axillopectoral muscle) is the most common anatomical variant of the axillary musculature. During the dissection of a 63 year old male cadaver, an unusual muscle band was encountered bilaterally and identified as an axillary arch. We here describe the morphology and relationships of the axillary arch in the light of previous such reports. The knowledge of this muscle variation is important for the clinicians, with regards to its potential to cause significant iatrogenic functional defects. Anatomical variations of the axilla are of relevance to surgeons, neurologist, radiologists and cosmetic surgeons due to the increasing surgical importance of this region during axillary surgery for breast cancer, reconstruction procedures, and axillary bypass operations. It is important that surgeons operating in the axilla be aware of this common anatomic variant.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research
Background: The liver is the largest of the abdominal viscera, occupying a substantial portion of... more Background: The liver is the largest of the abdominal viscera, occupying a substantial portion of the upper abdominal cavity. It is essential to have knowledge of the normal and variant liver anatomy. Objective: Objective of the present study was to study morphology of liver and its variations. Materials and Methods: The hundred liver specimens available in the department of Anatomy were studied. The liver specimens were numbered and photographs were taken along with proper documentation. Caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver were studied in detail for the size, shape, accessory fissures, and accessory lobes. For each of the parameters, the mean, standard deviation (S.D.) and range (minimum value-maximum value) was calculated. Result: The mean length of the caudate lobe was 5.33±1.01, breadth 2.75 ±0.65 and depth 1.93±0.55 while length of the quadrate lobe was 5.91±1.18 and breadth 3.00±0.80. The mean length of the right lobe was 13.62±2.23, breadth 8.13±1.45 while length of the left lobe was 12.20±2.12 and breadth 7.65±1.51. Morphological variations like caudate process, accessory fissures, Pons Hepatis, lingual process, papillary process, accessory lobes and variations in shapes of caudate and quadrate lobes were observed and reported. Conclusion: This study highlights some of the variations in the lobes and fissures of the liver. Various shapes of the caudate lobe and quadrate lobe were encountered. Knowledge of anatomical and morphological variations of liver is important for anatomist as well as for radiologist and hepatobiliary surgeons.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2015
Background: Morphometrical evaluation of the larynx has always been interesting for both morpholo... more Background: Morphometrical evaluation of the larynx has always been interesting for both morphologists and the physicians. A good understanding of the anatomy and the knowledge of variations in the laryngeal cartilages is important Objective: Objective of the present study was to collect exact and reliable morphometric data of thyroid cartilage in adult human larynx of regional population. Methods: The totals of 50 thyroid cartilage specimens were studied. The cartilages were preserved in 5% formalin. The measurements were taken with the help of Digital Vernier Caliper. The cartilages were weighed on Single pan electronic balance. For each of the parameters, the mean, standard deviation (S.D.) and range was calculated. Results: Mean depth of superior thyroid notch was 9.7± 3.36 mm. Asymmetry between the length of superior horn of thyroid cartilages in left and right sides can be seen, but difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). It is observed that inner thyroid angle varies from 55 to 104 0 and outer thyroid angle varies from 53 to 99 0. In present study mean weight of thyroid cartilage was 6.70±1.55 grams. Conclusions: A fair amount of intersubject variability in the dimensions was observed. Bilateral asymmetry, though present in majority of specimens, was insignificant. Various dimensions of thyroid cartilages are smaller as compared to the western population.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2014
Background: Plantaris is the largest muscle in mammals other than primates. Plantaris muscle has ... more Background: Plantaris is the largest muscle in mammals other than primates. Plantaris muscle has been a subject of much confusion and Evolutionists have speculated on its phylogenetic significance, as a vestigial organ, while surgeons have removed it 'useless vestige' to employ its tendon as a spare part for the surgical repair. In humans it is reduced greatly in size, power, and function and may even be absent. Aim: With this background the aim of the present work is to study morphology, describe the observed variations of the Plantaris muscle, and to discuss the functional significance of Plantaris muscle. Methodology: For the present work 84 limbs available in the department of Anatomy were dissected. The posterior aspect of the knee was dissected using standard surgical equipment and dissection techniques. The Plantaris muscle was isolated and length of fleshy belly and tendon were measured. Any variations in origin, insertion and size were recorded. Result: Variation in insertion of the Plantaris has observed like insertion along medial margin of tendocalcaneus on to calcaneus, in front of tendocalcaneus on to calcaneus, fused to tendocalcaneus and insertion of the Plantaris on deep fascia of leg at the level of ankle. Other variations noted were two bellies of the Plantaris one from lateral supracondylar ridge and other from deep surface of Gastrocnemius, two heads of Plantaris: Both bellies were fused in the lower part producing bipennate arrangement, thin & thick belly of the Plantaris muscle. Variations also observed in relation to origin that the muscle is originating from deep surface of lateral head of Gastrocnemius & in other case origin from capsule. Bicipital Plantaris was seen where one head was originating from capsule of knee joint and other from lateral condyle. Conclusion: In order to avoid any inadvertent injury during surgical operations, variation of the Plantaris must be borne in mind. Awareness of the insertion pattern of the Plantaris tendon is also important for clinicians in the diagnosis of muscle tears and for surgeons performing reconstructive procedures. Considering the above facts, the existence and importance of the Plantaris muscle cannot be undermined.
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2013
Zinc is an essential element whose significance to health is increasingly appreciated. In 1961 es... more Zinc is an essential element whose significance to health is increasingly appreciated. In 1961 essentiality of zinc for humans was recognized. A systematic literature search was done to identify relevant studies investigating the role of zinc in human health. This review concerns the importance of zinc in health and the consequences of its deficiency. Zinc deficiency leads to complications of pregnancy and childbirth, low birth weight and poor growth in childhood, reduced immunocompetence, and increased infectious disease morbidity. Pregnant women with zinc deficiency are at risk of premature labour and miscarriages, inefficient labour and delivery, stillbirths, lower mental ability of the child, retarded foetal growth and low immunity of both mother and baby. Zinc can reduce the duration, severity and incidence of diarrhoea in children. Zinc deficiency was indicated as a risk factor for immune deficiency and susceptibility to infection in the elderly. Zinc is used in preventive trials and treatment of diarrhoea, pneumonia, common cold, respiratory infections and malaria. Sufficient zinc is essential in maintaining immune system function. Supplementation of zinc and with other micronutrients may be beneficial during periods of greatest vulnerability such as early childhood, pregnancy and elderly. Ensuring adequate levels of zinc intake should be a key component in efforts to reduce illness.
International Journal of Biomedical Research, 2011
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION: METHODS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION ... Dr.Mohini Joshi 1* , Dr.Deshpa... more POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION: METHODS, PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION ... Dr.Mohini Joshi 1* , Dr.Deshpande JD 2 . ... 1 Department of Anatomy, Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Community ...
International Journal of Students' Research, 2011
Absence of superior cornua: a rare variant of thyroid cartilage anatomy.
Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 2023
Background: Scapula is a flat triangular bone lies on chest wall from second to sixth ribs. Its l... more Background: Scapula is a flat triangular bone lies on chest wall from second to sixth ribs. Its lateral angle is truncated and shows variable morphology in shape.
Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to obtain morphometric data of scapulae and the glenoid cavity specifically the diameters and various shape of glenoid.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 90 right scapulae and 90 left scapulae. Metrical and nonmetrical measurements were noted. Length of scapulae, breadth of scapulae, height of Glenoid cavity, antero-posterior diameter 1 and antero-posterior diameter 2 were observed. Shape of Glenoid cavity was noted.
Results: Length of scapula on right side was 135.40±13.2mm and on left side it was 136.5±12.9mm. Breadth of scapula on right side was 98.7 ±7.2mm on left side it was 98.2±6.8mm but the difference was not statistically significant. The height of Glenoid cavity on right side was 35.2±2.9mm and on left side it was 35.8±3.1. Antero-posterior diameter 1 of Glenoid cavity on right side was 24.2±2.3 mm and on left side it was 23.9±2.1 mm. Antero-posterior diameter 2 of Glenoid cavity on right side was16.8±2.5 mm and on left side it was 16.7±2.4mm. The most common shape of glenoid cavity was pear shaped followed by oval and least common was inverted comma shape.
Conclusion: Knowledge of various measurements of Glenoid cavity is important for prosthesis of shoulder orthoplasty. It is useful in evaluation of various pathological conditions of shoulder joint. Since this study was conducted on limited number of scapulae further clinical, cadaveric and radiological studies are required.
Keywords: Scapula, Glenoid cavity, Morphology.