Azzalia Kamaruzaman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Azzalia Kamaruzaman
Advanced structured materials, 2023
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
Background: Citrus hystrix (C. hystrix), locally known as ‘limau purut,’ is Malaysia’s major comm... more Background: Citrus hystrix (C. hystrix), locally known as ‘limau purut,’ is Malaysia’s major commercial fruit harvest. Besides being a common ingredient in Asian cuisines, the extracted essential oil has diverse applications. The essential oil can be extracted from peels or leaves, which could give strong aromatic properties. Objective: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of C. hystrix essential oil by using disc diffusion method. Materials and Methods: C. hystrix essential oil was extracted from the peels using the Clevenger apparatus of hydro-distillation method. The antibacterial activity of essential oil was evaluated by agar disc diffusion method against four strains of bacteria: two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313). Each assay was done in triplicates. In this research, positive c...
Baghdad Science Journal
Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil are phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibito... more Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil are phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. This present study aims to investigate 55 herbal products indicated for men’s sexual health from the Malaysian market for adulteration of PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. The screening and identification of 20 PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues in herbal products of various forms (powder, capsules, tablets, and pastels) were conducted using gas chromatography–electron impact-mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS). The analysis has shown that 19 herbal products were adulterated with PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. Unique ion fragmentations and the presence of molecular ion serve as potential markers, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1-5.0 µg/g. Ten PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues were randomly selected and successfully validated for simultaneous quantification, whereby the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 5.0–50.0 µg/g with recoveries at 86.1-1...
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT, 2021
Household chemical products poisoning by accidental ingestion, injection or inhalation is the mos... more Household chemical products poisoning by accidental ingestion, injection or inhalation is the most commonly reported cases in medical emergency departments (Kassiri et al., 2012; Adnan et al., 2013; Tangiisuran et al., 2017). Household chemical products, such as cleaning products and toiletries, are commonly used items and can be easily found in all homes all over the world. The products, such as bleach, cleaners, disinfectants, and detergents, have become essential products to maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of daily human life. Since the chemical contents in these kinds of products are often harmful and poisonous, they can pose serious risks to people's health and environment. Nearly all of the household solution contains approximately 22% of harmful chemicals, such as formaldehyde and sodium chloride (EWG's Guide to Healthy Cleaning, n.d) which could
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, 2021
Journal of Molecular Structure, 2021
Abstract The present study reports a series of novel N2,N9-bis(substituted benzyl)-β-carbolineum ... more Abstract The present study reports a series of novel N2,N9-bis(substituted benzyl)-β-carbolineum bromides (4a-f) synthesized from L-tryptophan in three steps with excellent yields (>80%). The structures of synthesized compounds 4a-f were confirmed by 1H- and 13C-NMR, FT-IR, LC-MS (ESI-MS) spectrum and elemental analysis. Meanwhile, the crystal structure for compound 4f was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs in monoclinic space group in P121/c1 space group with a = 13.253(6) A, b = 20.809(10) A, c = 9.116(6) A, β = 107.215(13)°, V = 2401.4(19) A3 and Z = 4, F(000) = 1048, Dc = 1.403 Mg/m3 and µ = 1.743 mm−1. Compounds 4a-f were evaluated for their in-vitro anticancer activity against selected human cancer cell lines, such as HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), HeLa (cervical carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and K562 (chronic myelogenous leukaemia, CML). Results showed that compounds 4a-f exerted excellent cytotoxicity effect with IC50 values ranging from 0.36-1.08 µM against K562 human CML cell line. It was found that synthesized β-carbolines are much less toxic towards non-cancer cell lines BALB/c3T3 and Hs-27, in comparison to cisplatin and doxorubicin, which were employed as positive controls. To investigate the binding mode of these compounds against DNA, spectroscopic studies were conducted. Subsequent UV-Visible and in-silico (molecular docking) studies revealed that compound 4f interacts with DNA through intercalation. Based on the present findings, it was suggested that compound 4f has a great potential to be developed as a novel anticancer agent.
Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 2020
The Malaysian construction industry continues to enhance the country's economy by displaying volu... more The Malaysian construction industry continues to enhance the country's economy by displaying voluminous growth. Due to the unique nature of the process involved, this industry is being considered the most hazardous sector in terms of occupational safety and health (OSH). The statistics of fatal accidents recorded by Department of Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH) presented that Malaysian construction industry has the highest number of fatalities within this period of study, making it the most critical sector that requires efficient OSH management in order to reduce a significant number of fatalities in construction sites. The main objective of this study is to identify the causes of fatalities in the Malaysian construction industry by analysing 145 fatalities investigated by DOSH during a period of five years (2013 to 2018) by applying the framework for causes of occupational accidents and illnesses. Johor has the highest occurrence of fatalities with 45 cases. These 145 cases were descriptively analysed. Falling from height (43%) recorded the highest number of accident cases and followed with struck-by (34%) as among the six listed categories in this study. The main accidents causes were discovered to be the management element (58 cases) followed by worksite element (57 cases) and human element (30 cases).
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2017
ABSTRACT A new compound of 2,9-bis(2-fluorobenzyl)-β-carbolinium bromide, C25H19BrF2N2 has been s... more ABSTRACT A new compound of 2,9-bis(2-fluorobenzyl)-β-carbolinium bromide, C25H19BrF2N2 has been synthesized by the decarboxylation of ethyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate with 2-fluorobenzyl bromide in the presence of sodium hydride in DMF, with good yield (92%). Its structure was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, MS (ESI-MS) spectrum and elemental analysis. Meanwhile, its crystal structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal is of orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 7.4788(13), b = 15.548(3), c = 17.386(3) Å, V = 2021.7(6) Å3, Z = 4, F(000) = 944, Dc = 1.529 g/cm3, µ = 2.066 mm−1 and α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°. It has potential as an anticancer agent.
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, or Margosa, originated in India. It is one of the spe... more Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, or Margosa, originated in India. It is one of the species in the Azadirachta genus. It is native to South Asia's Indian subcontinent and dry areas such as India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan and the Maldives. The plant has long been used in Ayurvedic and folk medicine and it is now commonly used in cosmetics and organic agriculture. Several pharmacological activities were identified from the crude extract of Azadirachta indica, which have attracted a lot of research interest from scientists. This narrative review explores the vast potential of neem in eliciting antibacterial and antifungal effects. Furthermore, we highlight the various effects of different types of solvent and several parts of the neem plant on growth inhibition of bacteria and fungi by performing the inhibition zone technique using the disc diffusion method, one of the commonly used methods to measure bacterial, fungal growth.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals
BMJ Open
ObjectivePesticide poisoning is a global health problem, and its progressive deterioration is a m... more ObjectivePesticide poisoning is a global health problem, and its progressive deterioration is a major cause of concern. The objective of this study is to assess epidemiological characteristics and identify risk factors of pesticide poisoning in Malaysia.SettingPesticide poisoning database of Malaysia National Poison Centre (NPC) from 2006 to 2015.ParticipantsTelephone enquiries regarding pesticide poisoning were made by healthcare professionals. Information received by the NPC was entered into a retrievable database of standardised Poison Case Report Form, as adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO).OutcomesThe outcome of the study is to provide an overview of national epidemiological profile of pesticide poisoning. High-risk groups of people and their circumstances were also identified to ensure that appropriate measures are strategised.ResultsWithin the study period, a total of 11 087 pesticide poisoning cases were recorded. Sixty per cent of these cases were intentional i...
Advanced structured materials, 2023
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
Background: Citrus hystrix (C. hystrix), locally known as ‘limau purut,’ is Malaysia’s major comm... more Background: Citrus hystrix (C. hystrix), locally known as ‘limau purut,’ is Malaysia’s major commercial fruit harvest. Besides being a common ingredient in Asian cuisines, the extracted essential oil has diverse applications. The essential oil can be extracted from peels or leaves, which could give strong aromatic properties. Objective: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of C. hystrix essential oil by using disc diffusion method. Materials and Methods: C. hystrix essential oil was extracted from the peels using the Clevenger apparatus of hydro-distillation method. The antibacterial activity of essential oil was evaluated by agar disc diffusion method against four strains of bacteria: two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313). Each assay was done in triplicates. In this research, positive c...
Baghdad Science Journal
Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil are phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibito... more Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil are phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. This present study aims to investigate 55 herbal products indicated for men’s sexual health from the Malaysian market for adulteration of PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. The screening and identification of 20 PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues in herbal products of various forms (powder, capsules, tablets, and pastels) were conducted using gas chromatography–electron impact-mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS). The analysis has shown that 19 herbal products were adulterated with PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. Unique ion fragmentations and the presence of molecular ion serve as potential markers, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1-5.0 µg/g. Ten PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues were randomly selected and successfully validated for simultaneous quantification, whereby the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 5.0–50.0 µg/g with recoveries at 86.1-1...
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT, 2021
Household chemical products poisoning by accidental ingestion, injection or inhalation is the mos... more Household chemical products poisoning by accidental ingestion, injection or inhalation is the most commonly reported cases in medical emergency departments (Kassiri et al., 2012; Adnan et al., 2013; Tangiisuran et al., 2017). Household chemical products, such as cleaning products and toiletries, are commonly used items and can be easily found in all homes all over the world. The products, such as bleach, cleaners, disinfectants, and detergents, have become essential products to maintain the cleanliness and hygiene of daily human life. Since the chemical contents in these kinds of products are often harmful and poisonous, they can pose serious risks to people's health and environment. Nearly all of the household solution contains approximately 22% of harmful chemicals, such as formaldehyde and sodium chloride (EWG's Guide to Healthy Cleaning, n.d) which could
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan, 2021
Journal of Molecular Structure, 2021
Abstract The present study reports a series of novel N2,N9-bis(substituted benzyl)-β-carbolineum ... more Abstract The present study reports a series of novel N2,N9-bis(substituted benzyl)-β-carbolineum bromides (4a-f) synthesized from L-tryptophan in three steps with excellent yields (>80%). The structures of synthesized compounds 4a-f were confirmed by 1H- and 13C-NMR, FT-IR, LC-MS (ESI-MS) spectrum and elemental analysis. Meanwhile, the crystal structure for compound 4f was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs in monoclinic space group in P121/c1 space group with a = 13.253(6) A, b = 20.809(10) A, c = 9.116(6) A, β = 107.215(13)°, V = 2401.4(19) A3 and Z = 4, F(000) = 1048, Dc = 1.403 Mg/m3 and µ = 1.743 mm−1. Compounds 4a-f were evaluated for their in-vitro anticancer activity against selected human cancer cell lines, such as HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), HeLa (cervical carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and K562 (chronic myelogenous leukaemia, CML). Results showed that compounds 4a-f exerted excellent cytotoxicity effect with IC50 values ranging from 0.36-1.08 µM against K562 human CML cell line. It was found that synthesized β-carbolines are much less toxic towards non-cancer cell lines BALB/c3T3 and Hs-27, in comparison to cisplatin and doxorubicin, which were employed as positive controls. To investigate the binding mode of these compounds against DNA, spectroscopic studies were conducted. Subsequent UV-Visible and in-silico (molecular docking) studies revealed that compound 4f interacts with DNA through intercalation. Based on the present findings, it was suggested that compound 4f has a great potential to be developed as a novel anticancer agent.
Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 2020
The Malaysian construction industry continues to enhance the country's economy by displaying volu... more The Malaysian construction industry continues to enhance the country's economy by displaying voluminous growth. Due to the unique nature of the process involved, this industry is being considered the most hazardous sector in terms of occupational safety and health (OSH). The statistics of fatal accidents recorded by Department of Safety and Health Malaysia (DOSH) presented that Malaysian construction industry has the highest number of fatalities within this period of study, making it the most critical sector that requires efficient OSH management in order to reduce a significant number of fatalities in construction sites. The main objective of this study is to identify the causes of fatalities in the Malaysian construction industry by analysing 145 fatalities investigated by DOSH during a period of five years (2013 to 2018) by applying the framework for causes of occupational accidents and illnesses. Johor has the highest occurrence of fatalities with 45 cases. These 145 cases were descriptively analysed. Falling from height (43%) recorded the highest number of accident cases and followed with struck-by (34%) as among the six listed categories in this study. The main accidents causes were discovered to be the management element (58 cases) followed by worksite element (57 cases) and human element (30 cases).
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2017
ABSTRACT A new compound of 2,9-bis(2-fluorobenzyl)-β-carbolinium bromide, C25H19BrF2N2 has been s... more ABSTRACT A new compound of 2,9-bis(2-fluorobenzyl)-β-carbolinium bromide, C25H19BrF2N2 has been synthesized by the decarboxylation of ethyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate with 2-fluorobenzyl bromide in the presence of sodium hydride in DMF, with good yield (92%). Its structure was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, MS (ESI-MS) spectrum and elemental analysis. Meanwhile, its crystal structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal is of orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 7.4788(13), b = 15.548(3), c = 17.386(3) Å, V = 2021.7(6) Å3, Z = 4, F(000) = 944, Dc = 1.529 g/cm3, µ = 2.066 mm−1 and α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°. It has potential as an anticancer agent.
Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, or Margosa, originated in India. It is one of the spe... more Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, or Margosa, originated in India. It is one of the species in the Azadirachta genus. It is native to South Asia's Indian subcontinent and dry areas such as India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan and the Maldives. The plant has long been used in Ayurvedic and folk medicine and it is now commonly used in cosmetics and organic agriculture. Several pharmacological activities were identified from the crude extract of Azadirachta indica, which have attracted a lot of research interest from scientists. This narrative review explores the vast potential of neem in eliciting antibacterial and antifungal effects. Furthermore, we highlight the various effects of different types of solvent and several parts of the neem plant on growth inhibition of bacteria and fungi by performing the inhibition zone technique using the disc diffusion method, one of the commonly used methods to measure bacterial, fungal growth.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals
BMJ Open
ObjectivePesticide poisoning is a global health problem, and its progressive deterioration is a m... more ObjectivePesticide poisoning is a global health problem, and its progressive deterioration is a major cause of concern. The objective of this study is to assess epidemiological characteristics and identify risk factors of pesticide poisoning in Malaysia.SettingPesticide poisoning database of Malaysia National Poison Centre (NPC) from 2006 to 2015.ParticipantsTelephone enquiries regarding pesticide poisoning were made by healthcare professionals. Information received by the NPC was entered into a retrievable database of standardised Poison Case Report Form, as adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO).OutcomesThe outcome of the study is to provide an overview of national epidemiological profile of pesticide poisoning. High-risk groups of people and their circumstances were also identified to ensure that appropriate measures are strategised.ResultsWithin the study period, a total of 11 087 pesticide poisoning cases were recorded. Sixty per cent of these cases were intentional i...