Kari Klanderud - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Kari Klanderud
Comparing Climate Warming Approaches particular regarding indirect climate change effects, such a... more Comparing Climate Warming Approaches particular regarding indirect climate change effects, such as biotic interactions. To better understand both direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant communities, we need to combine approaches in future studies, and if novel interactions are of particular interest, transplants may be a better approach than OTCs.
PLOS ONE, Jun 19, 2015
<p>Compositional variation in graminoid and forb species (% of total deviance [CCA] or vari... more <p>Compositional variation in graminoid and forb species (% of total deviance [CCA] or variation [RDA]) explained by abiotic and biotic environmental variables, grouped and separately, at the a) regional/among site scale and b) local/within site scale when all sites are part of the same canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Part c) shows parallel results for separate site-wise redundancy analyses (RDA) analyses for each of eleven grassland sites in southern Norway. LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter.</p
This project provide a framework for integrating individual, population, community, and ecosystem... more This project provide a framework for integrating individual, population, community, and ecosystem responses to climate and climate change, and to understand the plant functional traits underlying responses both in terms of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The results have implications for habitat management and nature conservation strategies under a changing climate.
Journal of Vegetation Science, Apr 5, 2020
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Frontiers in Plant Science, Nov 2, 2018
Comparing Climate Warming Approaches particular regarding indirect climate change effects, such a... more Comparing Climate Warming Approaches particular regarding indirect climate change effects, such as biotic interactions. To better understand both direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant communities, we need to combine approaches in future studies, and if novel interactions are of particular interest, transplants may be a better approach than OTCs.
PLOS ONE, Jun 19, 2015
<p>Location of the twelve study sites along temperature and precipitation gradients in the ... more <p>Location of the twelve study sites along temperature and precipitation gradients in the fjord landscape of southern Norway.</p
PLOS ONE, Jun 19, 2015
<p>Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of measured biotic (green) and abiotic (black) e... more <p>Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of measured biotic (green) and abiotic (black) environmental variables and alpine (▲), sub-alpine (●) and boreal (▼) sites along a precipitation gradient (1–4 from light to dark blue, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130205#pone.0130205.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>) in southern Norway. LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter. Eigenvalues axis 1 = 0.472, axis 2 = 0.248, axis 3 = 0.182, axis 4 = 0.137. Only the two first axes are shown.</p
Diversity and Distributions, May 30, 2023
AimClimate change impacts on biota are variable across sites, among species and throughout indivi... more AimClimate change impacts on biota are variable across sites, among species and throughout individual species' ranges. Niche theory predicts that population performance should decline as site climate becomes increasingly different from the species' climate niche centre, though studies find significant variation from these predictions. Here, we propose that predictions about climate responses can be improved by incorporating species' trait information.LocationEurope.MethodsWe used observations of plant species abundance change over time to assess variation in climate difference sensitivity (CDS), defined as how species performance (colonization, extinction and abundance change) relates to the difference of site climate from the mean temperature and precipitation of each species' range. We then investigated if leaf economics, plant size and seed mass traits were associated with the species' CDS.ResultsSpecies that performed better (e.g. increased in abundance) towards sites progressively cooler than their niche centre were shorter and had more resource‐acquisitive leaves (i.e. lower leaf dry matter content or LDMC) relative to species with zero or the opposite pattern of temperature difference sensitivity. This result supports the hypothesis that if sites cooler than niche centres are more stressful for a species, then shorter stature is advantageous compared with taller species. The LDMC result suggests the environment selects for more resource‐acquisitive leaf strategies towards relatively cooler climates with shorter growing seasons, counter to expectations that conservative strategies would be favoured in such environments. We found few consistent relationships between precipitation difference sensitivities and traits.Main ConclusionsThe results supported key a priori foundations on how trait‐based plant strategies dictate species responses to climate variation away from their niche centre. Furthermore, plant height emerged as the most consistent trait that varied with species CDS, suggesting height will be key for theory development around species response to climate change.
PLOS ONE, Jun 19, 2015
<p>Temperature and precipitation are expressed factorial variables (three temperature level... more <p>Temperature and precipitation are expressed factorial variables (three temperature levels: alpine, sub-alpine, boreal, and four precipitation levels 1–4). Functional type (graminoid vs forb) and its interactions were not significant and therefore not included in the final model. n = 22.</p><p>ANOVA estimates, F- and P-values of the relative proportion of the explained variation accounted for by biotic (vs abiotic) variables in redundancy analyses (RDA) of graminoid and forb species composition in grassland sites along temperature and precipitation gradients in southern Norway.</p
PLOS ONE, Jun 19, 2015
<p>LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter. n = 11.</p><p... more <p>LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter. n = 11.</p><p>Regression slopes and associated p-values (* <i>p</i> < 0.05, · <i>p</i> < 0.1, no symbol = not significant) of relationships between variation in forb and graminoid species composition explained by local abiotic and biotic environmental variables in redundancy analyses (RDA) of local grassland species composition along broad scale temperature and precipitation gradients in southern Norway.</p
Journal of Vegetation Science, Jul 1, 2022
Arctic Science
Open top chambers (OTCs) were adopted as the recommended warming mechanism by the International T... more Open top chambers (OTCs) were adopted as the recommended warming mechanism by the International Tundra Experiment network in the early 1990s. Since then, OTCs have been deployed across the globe. Hundreds of papers have reported the impacts of OTCs on the abiotic environment and the biota. Here, we review the impacts of the OTC on the physical environment, with comments on the appropriateness of using OTCs to characterize the response of biota to warming. The purpose of this review is to guide readers to previously published work and to provide recommendations for continued use of OTCs to understand the implications of warming on low stature ecosystems. In short, the OTC is a useful tool to experimentally manipulate temperature; however, the characteristics and magnitude of warming varies greatly in different environments; therefore, it is important to document chamber performance to maximize the interpretation of biotic response. When coupled with long-term monitoring, warming expe...
The Arctic is warming four times faster than the global average, and plant communities are respon... more The Arctic is warming four times faster than the global average, and plant communities are responding through shifts in species abundance, composition and distribution. However, the direction and magnitude of local plant diversity changes have not been explored thus far at a pan-Arctic scale. Using a compilation of 42,234 records of 490 vascular plant species from 2,174 plots at 45 study areas across the Arctic, we quantified how species richness and composition have changed over time during a period of up to four decades (1981 – 2022), and identified the geographic, climatic and biotic drivers behind these changes. Despite plant species richness being greater at lower latitudes and warmer plots, pan-Arctic species richness did not change directionally over time at the plot level. However, 99% of the plots experienced changes in species abundance, with 66% of plots either gaining or losing species. Species richness increased most where temperatures had warmed most over time, and shr...
Arctic Science
We measured community-level traits of vascular plants, lichens, and bryophytes in an alpine Dryas... more We measured community-level traits of vascular plants, lichens, and bryophytes in an alpine Dryas octopetala L. heath in Finse, Norway, after nearly two decades of experimental warming by open-top chambers. We hypothesized that under warming (1) vascular plant traits would shift from resource conservative towards more resource acquisitive, and (2) lichen and bryophyte traits would shift to those associated with drier conditions, due to increased evapotranspiration. Both hypotheses were not supported, as vascular plant nitrogen concentration decreased, whereas carbon to nitrogen ratio increased with warming, indicative of a less resource acquisitive strategy, and lichen specific thallus area and water holding capacity were unresponsive. Bryophyte specific shoot length increased, and carbon concentration and water holding capacity tended to decrease under warming, concurrent with increased vegetation height and litter cover indicating stronger competition from vascular plants. Intrasp...
Arctic Science
The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) was founded in 1990 as a network of scientists studyin... more The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) was founded in 1990 as a network of scientists studying responses of tundra ecosystems to ambient and experimental climate change at Arctic and alpine sites across the globe. Common measurement and experimental design protocols have facilitated synthesis of results across sites to gain biome-wide insights of climate change impacts on tundra. This special issue presents results from more than 30 years of ITEX research. The importance of snow regimes, bryophytes, and herbivory are highlighted, with new protocols and studies proposed. The increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme climate events is shown to have strong effects on plant reproduction. The most consistent plant trait response across sites is an increase in vegetation height, especially for shrubs. This will affect surface energy balance, carbon and nutrient dynamics and trophic level interactions. Common garden studies show adaptation responses in tundra species to climate cha...
Comparing Climate Warming Approaches particular regarding indirect climate change effects, such a... more Comparing Climate Warming Approaches particular regarding indirect climate change effects, such as biotic interactions. To better understand both direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant communities, we need to combine approaches in future studies, and if novel interactions are of particular interest, transplants may be a better approach than OTCs.
PLOS ONE, Jun 19, 2015
<p>Compositional variation in graminoid and forb species (% of total deviance [CCA] or vari... more <p>Compositional variation in graminoid and forb species (% of total deviance [CCA] or variation [RDA]) explained by abiotic and biotic environmental variables, grouped and separately, at the a) regional/among site scale and b) local/within site scale when all sites are part of the same canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Part c) shows parallel results for separate site-wise redundancy analyses (RDA) analyses for each of eleven grassland sites in southern Norway. LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter.</p
This project provide a framework for integrating individual, population, community, and ecosystem... more This project provide a framework for integrating individual, population, community, and ecosystem responses to climate and climate change, and to understand the plant functional traits underlying responses both in terms of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The results have implications for habitat management and nature conservation strategies under a changing climate.
Journal of Vegetation Science, Apr 5, 2020
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Frontiers in Plant Science, Nov 2, 2018
Comparing Climate Warming Approaches particular regarding indirect climate change effects, such a... more Comparing Climate Warming Approaches particular regarding indirect climate change effects, such as biotic interactions. To better understand both direct and indirect effects of climate change on plant communities, we need to combine approaches in future studies, and if novel interactions are of particular interest, transplants may be a better approach than OTCs.
PLOS ONE, Jun 19, 2015
<p>Location of the twelve study sites along temperature and precipitation gradients in the ... more <p>Location of the twelve study sites along temperature and precipitation gradients in the fjord landscape of southern Norway.</p
PLOS ONE, Jun 19, 2015
<p>Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of measured biotic (green) and abiotic (black) e... more <p>Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of measured biotic (green) and abiotic (black) environmental variables and alpine (▲), sub-alpine (●) and boreal (▼) sites along a precipitation gradient (1–4 from light to dark blue, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130205#pone.0130205.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>) in southern Norway. LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter. Eigenvalues axis 1 = 0.472, axis 2 = 0.248, axis 3 = 0.182, axis 4 = 0.137. Only the two first axes are shown.</p
Diversity and Distributions, May 30, 2023
AimClimate change impacts on biota are variable across sites, among species and throughout indivi... more AimClimate change impacts on biota are variable across sites, among species and throughout individual species' ranges. Niche theory predicts that population performance should decline as site climate becomes increasingly different from the species' climate niche centre, though studies find significant variation from these predictions. Here, we propose that predictions about climate responses can be improved by incorporating species' trait information.LocationEurope.MethodsWe used observations of plant species abundance change over time to assess variation in climate difference sensitivity (CDS), defined as how species performance (colonization, extinction and abundance change) relates to the difference of site climate from the mean temperature and precipitation of each species' range. We then investigated if leaf economics, plant size and seed mass traits were associated with the species' CDS.ResultsSpecies that performed better (e.g. increased in abundance) towards sites progressively cooler than their niche centre were shorter and had more resource‐acquisitive leaves (i.e. lower leaf dry matter content or LDMC) relative to species with zero or the opposite pattern of temperature difference sensitivity. This result supports the hypothesis that if sites cooler than niche centres are more stressful for a species, then shorter stature is advantageous compared with taller species. The LDMC result suggests the environment selects for more resource‐acquisitive leaf strategies towards relatively cooler climates with shorter growing seasons, counter to expectations that conservative strategies would be favoured in such environments. We found few consistent relationships between precipitation difference sensitivities and traits.Main ConclusionsThe results supported key a priori foundations on how trait‐based plant strategies dictate species responses to climate variation away from their niche centre. Furthermore, plant height emerged as the most consistent trait that varied with species CDS, suggesting height will be key for theory development around species response to climate change.
PLOS ONE, Jun 19, 2015
<p>Temperature and precipitation are expressed factorial variables (three temperature level... more <p>Temperature and precipitation are expressed factorial variables (three temperature levels: alpine, sub-alpine, boreal, and four precipitation levels 1–4). Functional type (graminoid vs forb) and its interactions were not significant and therefore not included in the final model. n = 22.</p><p>ANOVA estimates, F- and P-values of the relative proportion of the explained variation accounted for by biotic (vs abiotic) variables in redundancy analyses (RDA) of graminoid and forb species composition in grassland sites along temperature and precipitation gradients in southern Norway.</p
PLOS ONE, Jun 19, 2015
<p>LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter. n = 11.</p><p... more <p>LOI refers to Loss-On-Ignition, a measure of soil organic matter. n = 11.</p><p>Regression slopes and associated p-values (* <i>p</i> < 0.05, · <i>p</i> < 0.1, no symbol = not significant) of relationships between variation in forb and graminoid species composition explained by local abiotic and biotic environmental variables in redundancy analyses (RDA) of local grassland species composition along broad scale temperature and precipitation gradients in southern Norway.</p
Journal of Vegetation Science, Jul 1, 2022
Arctic Science
Open top chambers (OTCs) were adopted as the recommended warming mechanism by the International T... more Open top chambers (OTCs) were adopted as the recommended warming mechanism by the International Tundra Experiment network in the early 1990s. Since then, OTCs have been deployed across the globe. Hundreds of papers have reported the impacts of OTCs on the abiotic environment and the biota. Here, we review the impacts of the OTC on the physical environment, with comments on the appropriateness of using OTCs to characterize the response of biota to warming. The purpose of this review is to guide readers to previously published work and to provide recommendations for continued use of OTCs to understand the implications of warming on low stature ecosystems. In short, the OTC is a useful tool to experimentally manipulate temperature; however, the characteristics and magnitude of warming varies greatly in different environments; therefore, it is important to document chamber performance to maximize the interpretation of biotic response. When coupled with long-term monitoring, warming expe...
The Arctic is warming four times faster than the global average, and plant communities are respon... more The Arctic is warming four times faster than the global average, and plant communities are responding through shifts in species abundance, composition and distribution. However, the direction and magnitude of local plant diversity changes have not been explored thus far at a pan-Arctic scale. Using a compilation of 42,234 records of 490 vascular plant species from 2,174 plots at 45 study areas across the Arctic, we quantified how species richness and composition have changed over time during a period of up to four decades (1981 – 2022), and identified the geographic, climatic and biotic drivers behind these changes. Despite plant species richness being greater at lower latitudes and warmer plots, pan-Arctic species richness did not change directionally over time at the plot level. However, 99% of the plots experienced changes in species abundance, with 66% of plots either gaining or losing species. Species richness increased most where temperatures had warmed most over time, and shr...
Arctic Science
We measured community-level traits of vascular plants, lichens, and bryophytes in an alpine Dryas... more We measured community-level traits of vascular plants, lichens, and bryophytes in an alpine Dryas octopetala L. heath in Finse, Norway, after nearly two decades of experimental warming by open-top chambers. We hypothesized that under warming (1) vascular plant traits would shift from resource conservative towards more resource acquisitive, and (2) lichen and bryophyte traits would shift to those associated with drier conditions, due to increased evapotranspiration. Both hypotheses were not supported, as vascular plant nitrogen concentration decreased, whereas carbon to nitrogen ratio increased with warming, indicative of a less resource acquisitive strategy, and lichen specific thallus area and water holding capacity were unresponsive. Bryophyte specific shoot length increased, and carbon concentration and water holding capacity tended to decrease under warming, concurrent with increased vegetation height and litter cover indicating stronger competition from vascular plants. Intrasp...
Arctic Science
The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) was founded in 1990 as a network of scientists studyin... more The International Tundra Experiment (ITEX) was founded in 1990 as a network of scientists studying responses of tundra ecosystems to ambient and experimental climate change at Arctic and alpine sites across the globe. Common measurement and experimental design protocols have facilitated synthesis of results across sites to gain biome-wide insights of climate change impacts on tundra. This special issue presents results from more than 30 years of ITEX research. The importance of snow regimes, bryophytes, and herbivory are highlighted, with new protocols and studies proposed. The increasing frequency and magnitude of extreme climate events is shown to have strong effects on plant reproduction. The most consistent plant trait response across sites is an increase in vegetation height, especially for shrubs. This will affect surface energy balance, carbon and nutrient dynamics and trophic level interactions. Common garden studies show adaptation responses in tundra species to climate cha...