Kaushal Kumar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Kaushal Kumar
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, Jul 18, 2009
In the designing of topical formulations of highly lipophilic drugs the clinical efficacy is comp... more In the designing of topical formulations of highly lipophilic drugs the clinical efficacy is compromised by their low aqueous solubility resulting in poor drug penetration through skin. Among the different innovative approaches that have been suggested for enhancing the penetration of lipophilic drugs through topical administration, microemulsions have shown better results. The microemulsion is a promising vehicle due to powerful ability to deliver drug through skin and large solubilizing capacities of lipophilic, hydrophilic and amphiphilic drug candidates. A microemulsion one of the pharmaceutical interests for new drug delivery is normally composed of oil, water surfactant and cosurfactant. Microemulsion can be defined as a transparent and clear solution obtained by titrating a normal coarse emulsion with medium chain alcohols to the point of clarity.
The aim of the present study was focused on the development of nanoemulsion of carvedilol, an ant... more The aim of the present study was focused on the development of nanoemulsion of carvedilol, an antihypertensive drug, to be administered through oral route. Twelvenanoemulsionformulations of carvedilol containing different oily phases and different proportions of surfactant-Tween 80 and co-surfactant-PEG 400 were prepared by ultrasonication method and after preliminary evaluation four formulations (F1, F2, F3& F4) were selected for further study. Prepared carvedilol containing nanoemulsions were evaluated for-droplet size and shape through Transmission Electron Microscopy, drug contents and in-vitro drug release patterns through dissolution studies. The entrapment efficiency for various formulations was found to be between 61.02±0.231% to 96.57±0.212%. The drug showed better release rate in comparison to conventional dosage form. All the formulations showed better results in terms of stability. Among the four formulations the best results were found with F1 formulation of carvedilol which gave the highest release of drug 31.28±3.46% after 1 hr and 88.41±2.72% after 24 hrs. The droplet size range in optimized formulation F1, F2, F3 and F4 was found to be between 20.76 to 107.38nm. The droplets were uniform and spherical in shape. It can be concluded that for oral administration of carvedilol a better solubility and bioavailability can be achieved by use of nanoemulsion formulation of the drug which otherwise has poor solubility and bioavailability.
the tissue for the targeting of various absorption mucosa such as ocular, nasal, pulmonary, bucca... more the tissue for the targeting of various absorption mucosa such as ocular, nasal, pulmonary, buccal, vaginal etc. These systems of drug delivery are called as mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. [1] Adhesion can be defined as the bond produced by contact between a pressure-sensitive adhesive and a surface. [2] The American Society of testing and materials has defined it as the state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces which may consist of valence forces, interlocking action or both. [3] Bioadhesion is defined as an ability of a material to adhere to a biological tissue for an extended period of time. For the case of polymer attached to the mucin layer of a mucosal tissue, the term mucoadhesion is used. [4] Mucoadhesive dosage forms have three distinct advantages when compared to conventional dosage forms- These dosage forms are readily localized in the region applied to improve and enhance the bioavailability of drugs. [4] These dosage forms facilitate intimate contact of the formulation with the underlying absorption surface. This allows modification of tissue permeability for absorption of macromolecules, such as peptides and proteins. Inclusions of penetration enhancers such as Sodium glycocholate, Sodium taurocholate, L-lysophosphotidyl chlorine and protease inhibitors in the mucoadhesive dosage forms resulted in better absorption of peptides and proteins. [5] Mucoadhesive dosage forms also prolong the residence time of the dosage form at the site of application and absorption to permit once or twice a day dosing. Mechanism of Mucoadhesion [6] Mucus is composed mainly of water (>95%), glycoproteins of exceptionally high molecular weight, mineral salts (1%) and free proteins (0.5 to 1%). For bioadhesion to occur, a succession of phenomena, whose role depends on the nature of the bioadhesive, is required. The first stage involves an intimate contact between a bioadhesive and a membrane, either from a good wetting of the
Acta poloniae pharmaceutica
Since its identification as a discrete entity, prostatitis has been a crippling and dreadful dise... more Since its identification as a discrete entity, prostatitis has been a crippling and dreadful disease for the males and from then till date it is well recognized that it has continuously eluded the urologists and the practitioners and the patients were generally avoided. But the newer advent in research has changed the concept of the medical management of prostatitis that had been in stagnation for the past many years. The traditional myths related to the disease were continued to be unlighted with improved understanding of the distribution, cause and measures for the management of this disease. From herbal treatment used by the ethnic communities historically to today's modern treatment modules of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents, though not very successful, but has embarked a light of hope in both practitioners and patients for the effective management of this condition, which has negatively affected the normal as well as intimate life of the sufferers. With newer and...
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, Jul 18, 2009
In the designing of topical formulations of highly lipophilic drugs the clinical efficacy is comp... more In the designing of topical formulations of highly lipophilic drugs the clinical efficacy is compromised by their low aqueous solubility resulting in poor drug penetration through skin. Among the different innovative approaches that have been suggested for enhancing the penetration of lipophilic drugs through topical administration, microemulsions have shown better results. The microemulsion is a promising vehicle due to powerful ability to deliver drug through skin and large solubilizing capacities of lipophilic, hydrophilic and amphiphilic drug candidates. A microemulsion one of the pharmaceutical interests for new drug delivery is normally composed of oil, water surfactant and cosurfactant. Microemulsion can be defined as a transparent and clear solution obtained by titrating a normal coarse emulsion with medium chain alcohols to the point of clarity.
The aim of the present study was focused on the development of nanoemulsion of carvedilol, an ant... more The aim of the present study was focused on the development of nanoemulsion of carvedilol, an antihypertensive drug, to be administered through oral route. Twelvenanoemulsionformulations of carvedilol containing different oily phases and different proportions of surfactant-Tween 80 and co-surfactant-PEG 400 were prepared by ultrasonication method and after preliminary evaluation four formulations (F1, F2, F3& F4) were selected for further study. Prepared carvedilol containing nanoemulsions were evaluated for-droplet size and shape through Transmission Electron Microscopy, drug contents and in-vitro drug release patterns through dissolution studies. The entrapment efficiency for various formulations was found to be between 61.02±0.231% to 96.57±0.212%. The drug showed better release rate in comparison to conventional dosage form. All the formulations showed better results in terms of stability. Among the four formulations the best results were found with F1 formulation of carvedilol which gave the highest release of drug 31.28±3.46% after 1 hr and 88.41±2.72% after 24 hrs. The droplet size range in optimized formulation F1, F2, F3 and F4 was found to be between 20.76 to 107.38nm. The droplets were uniform and spherical in shape. It can be concluded that for oral administration of carvedilol a better solubility and bioavailability can be achieved by use of nanoemulsion formulation of the drug which otherwise has poor solubility and bioavailability.
the tissue for the targeting of various absorption mucosa such as ocular, nasal, pulmonary, bucca... more the tissue for the targeting of various absorption mucosa such as ocular, nasal, pulmonary, buccal, vaginal etc. These systems of drug delivery are called as mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. [1] Adhesion can be defined as the bond produced by contact between a pressure-sensitive adhesive and a surface. [2] The American Society of testing and materials has defined it as the state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces which may consist of valence forces, interlocking action or both. [3] Bioadhesion is defined as an ability of a material to adhere to a biological tissue for an extended period of time. For the case of polymer attached to the mucin layer of a mucosal tissue, the term mucoadhesion is used. [4] Mucoadhesive dosage forms have three distinct advantages when compared to conventional dosage forms- These dosage forms are readily localized in the region applied to improve and enhance the bioavailability of drugs. [4] These dosage forms facilitate intimate contact of the formulation with the underlying absorption surface. This allows modification of tissue permeability for absorption of macromolecules, such as peptides and proteins. Inclusions of penetration enhancers such as Sodium glycocholate, Sodium taurocholate, L-lysophosphotidyl chlorine and protease inhibitors in the mucoadhesive dosage forms resulted in better absorption of peptides and proteins. [5] Mucoadhesive dosage forms also prolong the residence time of the dosage form at the site of application and absorption to permit once or twice a day dosing. Mechanism of Mucoadhesion [6] Mucus is composed mainly of water (>95%), glycoproteins of exceptionally high molecular weight, mineral salts (1%) and free proteins (0.5 to 1%). For bioadhesion to occur, a succession of phenomena, whose role depends on the nature of the bioadhesive, is required. The first stage involves an intimate contact between a bioadhesive and a membrane, either from a good wetting of the
Acta poloniae pharmaceutica
Since its identification as a discrete entity, prostatitis has been a crippling and dreadful dise... more Since its identification as a discrete entity, prostatitis has been a crippling and dreadful disease for the males and from then till date it is well recognized that it has continuously eluded the urologists and the practitioners and the patients were generally avoided. But the newer advent in research has changed the concept of the medical management of prostatitis that had been in stagnation for the past many years. The traditional myths related to the disease were continued to be unlighted with improved understanding of the distribution, cause and measures for the management of this disease. From herbal treatment used by the ethnic communities historically to today's modern treatment modules of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents, though not very successful, but has embarked a light of hope in both practitioners and patients for the effective management of this condition, which has negatively affected the normal as well as intimate life of the sufferers. With newer and...