Ken Odde - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ken Odde
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 1988
Factors that influence passive transfer of immunoglobulins from colostrum to the calf include tim... more Factors that influence passive transfer of immunoglobulins from colostrum to the calf include timing of colostrum intake, immunoglobulin concentration of the colostrum, presence of the dam, season, and individual calf variation in efficiency of absorption. l Most of the research in this area has been with dairy calves. Factors influencing immunoglobulin levels in colostrum and calf serum in range beef cattle are not well established. A study was conducted to determine the effect of body condition at calving and calving difficulty on calf vigor and calf serum immunoglobulin concentrations, and to determine the relationship of calf serum immunoglobulin concentration with calf growth to weaning, using 73 2-year-old crossbred beefheifers. 2 Heifers calved from January 4 to 28, 1984. Calving difficulty was scored (1, no assistance; 2, easy pull; 3, hard pull) at calving. No cesarean sections were necessary. Calves with abnormal presentations were excluded from the data set. Colostrum was milked from assisted heifers and fed to the calf. If the calf was able to suck, the colostrum was fed with a nipple bottle. If the calf was unable to suck, the colostrum was fed with an esophageal feeder. Following the calfs ingestion of colostrum, the calf and dam were placed in a pen together. Calves born unassisted were allowed to suckle dams naturally. Dams were given a mothering score (1, accepted calf immediately; 2, hesitated to accept calf but did not physically abuse calf; 3, physically abused calf). Heifers were condition scored (1, very thin; through 9, very fat). Calf sex and calf birth weights were recorded soon after calving. Jugular blood samples were taken from calves approximately 24 hours
Journal of Animal Science, 1990
Estrus has been synchronized in cattle with progestogens, prostaglandins (prostaglandin F2a and i... more Estrus has been synchronized in cattle with progestogens, prostaglandins (prostaglandin F2a and its analogues), progestogen-estrogen combinations and progestogen-prostaglandin combinations. Progestogens administered for 14 to 20 d are effective in synchronizing estrus; however, fertility at the synchronized estrus is subnormal. Duration of progestogen treatment can be reduced by combining it with an estrogen. Syncro-Mate B is a progestogen-estrogen combination that results in a tightly synchronized estrous response. Prostaglandins can be used in double-or single-injection programs. Fertility of the estrus after prostaglandin treatment is similar to that of controls. Estrus also has been synchronized effectively by combining a 5to 9 d progestogen treatment with prostaglandin at or near the end of treatment. When prostaglandin is used alone, cattle in the late stages of the luteal phase (d 11 to 15 of the estrous cycle) at the time of prostaglandin injection have a higher estrous response and may be more fertile than those injected with prostaglandin in the early part (d 6 to 9) of the luteal phase. More recently, a 14-d progestogen treatment has been combined with a prostaglandin injection given 16 to 18 d after progestogen withdrawal. This system places cattle in the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle at the time of prostaglandin injection and has resulted in an estrus with greater fertility than that immediately following progestogen treatment.
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 1995
Twenty forage samples were collected and selected for variation in nitrate content. Each forage s... more Twenty forage samples were collected and selected for variation in nitrate content. Each forage sample was analyzed 4 times by 4 different methods: diphenylamine spot plate, spectrophotometric, nitrate-selective electrode, and high-performance liquid chromatographic. Five feed extracts were spiked with 2 different amounts of nitrate and analyzed by each method. The spectrophotometric and nitrate-selective electrode had similar percent recoveries, which were close to 100%. The nitrate-selective electrode method had the least variation of the 4 methods. The diphenylamine spot plate method had the poorest average recovery, greatest variation, and was the least accurate. The average coefficients of variation for all samples within a method were 15%, 12%, 6.4%, and 16% for the diphenylamine spot plate, spectrophotometric, nitrate-selective electrode, and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods, respectively. The variation in the nitrate-selective electrode method was lower ( P &l...
for their assistance during the course of the experiments. The author is also greatly indebted to... more for their assistance during the course of the experiments. The author is also greatly indebted to his wife for her patience, understanding and assistance.
Journal of Animal Science, 1988
Serum samples and BW were obtained from 2-yr-old beef heifers, pregnant with either single (SF, n... more Serum samples and BW were obtained from 2-yr-old beef heifers, pregnant with either single (SF, n = 12) or twin (TF, n = 7) fetuses, at 7-d intervals from d 190 of gestation until calving. Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations of SF heifers gradually declined from d 190 (69.9 +-1.0 ng/ml) to d 263 (55.6-+ .8 ng/ml), then exhibited a slight increase by d 277 (63.4-+ 1.1 ng/ml). Serum IGF-I concentrations of TF heifers essentially paralleled, yet were lower (P < .05) than, concentrations in SF heifers for all days tested except d 197 and 205. The SF heifers pregnant with heifer fetuses (n = 6) had higher IGF-I concentrations (P < .1) than heifers pregnant with bull fetuses (n = 6) for all days tested except d 214 and 235. Instantaneous absolute growth rate (IGR) of SF heifers declined from 1.485 kg/d at d 190 to .257 kg/d by d 277. Rate of decline in IGR of TF heifers was much greater (P < .0001). Correlations between serum IGF-I concentrations and IGR for SF and TF heifers were .79 (P < .001) and .59 (P < .05), respectively. These data suggest that number and sex of fetus influence maternal concentrations of IGF-I and that the combined growth rate of the dam and conceptus during gestation is related to serum IGF-I concentration.
Journal of Animal Science, 1987
Recipient beef heifers, pregnant with single demi-embryos, were paired according to identical twi... more Recipient beef heifers, pregnant with single demi-embryos, were paired according to identical twin or full-sib embryo. Within pair, recipient heifers were assigned to one of two isocaloric diets containing a control or restricted level of protein (91 vs 55% of National Research Council recommendations) on d 190 of gestation. Following parturition, calves were weighed, fed 1 liter of colostrum, dried and placed in a metabolic chamber at 5 h of age for an 8-h determination of heat production (HP). Maternal body weight gains (P<.001) during the last trimester and body condition scores at parturition (P<.05) were reduced in heifers fed the protein-restricted diet. Calves born to heifers fed the protein-restricted diet had 11.4% lower (P<.O5) HP than calves born to control heifers (43.7 vs 49.3 kcal'kg-1 "d-~). Birth weights, respiratory quotients and rectal temperatures of newborn calves were not significantly affected by prepartum protein restriction. Within treatment groups, the relationship between HP and weight was described by the equation: HP (kcal/d) = 2.30 wt TM. The allometric exponent of 1.86-+ .26 implied that weight-specific metabolic rate was higher rather than lower in larger weight calves. We concluded that the thermogenie ability of neonatal calves may be compromised by prepartum protein restriction and(or) small birth weights.
Journal of Animal Science, 1995
Crossbred steer and heifer calves (n = 84) were given injections at branding and at weaning (usin... more Crossbred steer and heifer calves (n = 84) were given injections at branding and at weaning (using a completely randomized block design); 225 to 376 d later, pairs of two subprimal cuts from each animal were evaluated for incidence and severity of injection-site lesions. The four products compared were 1) a 2-mL clostridial, 2) a 5-mL clostridial, 3) vitamin AD 3 , and 4) a long-acting oxytetracycline antibiotic (OTC). Branding-age calves (mean 48.3 d of age) received intramuscular injections of two of the four products, in the semimembranosus (inside round) muscles (one in the left muscle and one in the right); at weaning age (mean 199.3 d of age), calves received injections of the remaining two products in the gluteus medius (top sirloin butt) muscles (one in the left and the other in the right). Injections at branding of 2 mL of clostridial, 5 mL of clostridial, vitamin AD 3 , and OTC caused injection-site lesions in 72.5, 92.7, 5.3, and 51.2%, respectively, of inside rounds from slaughter cattle. Incidence of injectionsite lesions was lowest (P < .05) among inside rounds and top sirloin butts from animals given vitamin AD 3 (as calves, and at both branding and weaning times) and was highest (P < .05) in inside rounds from cattle given, as calves, injections of 5 mL of clostridial at branding or of OTC at weaning. Less trimming was required to remove the lesions resulting from injections of all four products when they were given at weaning time. Before completion of the present study, it was thought that injection-site lesions were from damage that subsisted only briefly following an inoculation; these results make it abundantly clear that intramuscular administration of clostridials and certain antibiotics will cause damage so severe that it will be evident in beef muscle 7.5 to 12 mo later.
Journal of Animal Science, 1993
Calf weaning weights and estimates of 205-d milk yield (n = 317) were obtained from 90 Polled Her... more Calf weaning weights and estimates of 205-d milk yield (n = 317) were obtained from 90 Polled Hereford (P H) and 80 Simmental (SM) cows to evaluate the relationship of these measures with maternal milk and total maternal EPD from national cattle evaluations. An inverse parabolic exponential function predicted 205-d milk yields for each cow from five estimates of daily milk yield taken once per month via calf weigh-suckle-weigh. Changes in calves' 205-d adjusted weights were greater than predicted (P < .02) by maternal milk EPD of PH and SM dams and PH maternal grandsires (MGS) but were similar to changes predicted by SM MGS (P > .50). These changes were also greater than those predicted by total maternal EPD of PH dams and MGS (P < .02) but were similar to those predicted in SM dams and MGS (P > ,381. Interactions of maternal milk and total maternal EPD with sex of calf and year did not influence calves' 205-d adjusted weights (P > .lo). A positive relationship was found in both breeds between 205-d milk yield EPD (calculated from 205-d milk yield estimates) and maternal milk EPD from national cattle evaluations. Objectively assessing the magnitude of this relationship was hindered by problems in estimating heritability and interpreting correlations between EPD. These data indicate that maternal milk and total maternal EPD from national cattle evaluations are reasonably good predictors of genetic differences in milk yield and weaning weight.
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1983
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1980
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1978
We analyzed date on 1536 fall calving Angus cows to determine the effect of post-partum breeding ... more We analyzed date on 1536 fall calving Angus cows to determine the effect of post-partum breeding interval on conception rates in beef cows. Normal fertility was observed for cows showing heat 40 or more days postpartum.
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1982
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1978
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1979
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1981
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1981
Journal of Animal Science, 1991
Tissue growth of crossbred fetal beef calves was examined by measuring RNA, DNA, and protein conc... more Tissue growth of crossbred fetal beef calves was examined by measuring RNA, DNA, and protein concentrations in liver, heart, and biceps femoris. Furthermore, liver insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA expression and mRNA species size during fetal development was observed. Tissue samples were collected from six fetuses every 42 d of gestation, from d 106 to d 274. In the liver, protein and DNA concentrations decreased, whereas RNA levels remained constant throughout fetal growth. The RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios in liver increased with fetal age. Heart DNA and RNA levels decreased, whereas protein concentration and protein/DNA ratios increased with fetal age. Protein and protein/DNA ratios decreased in biceps tissue, whereas DNA and RNA concentrations were constant. IGF-I mRNA was seen at 4.4, 2.5, and 1.2 kb in adult and 4.4, 2.5, and 1.7 kb in fetal bovine liver. Relative expression of liver IGF-I mRNA did not vary during fetal development. The current study shows that during the last 2 and 3 mo of gestation, heart and liver were undergoing hypertrophic growth, whereas biceps tissue did not exhibit the same trend. Elevated ratios of RNA and protein to DNA in liver above that of the heart and biceps suggest extensive hepatic cellular hypertrophy as well as increased transcriptional and translational activity. Insulin-like growth factor I mRNA levels were not related to the changes in RNA, DNA, and protein seen in hepatic tissue.
Journal of Animal Science, 1995
To determine whether an increase in serum lipids alters the area occupied by lipid droplets in st... more To determine whether an increase in serum lipids alters the area occupied by lipid droplets in steroidogenic luteal cells and(or) clearance rates of progesterone from serum, pregnant beef heifers received control (n = 6) or treatment (n = 5) diets. To increase serum lipids, the treatment diet contained calcium soaps of fatty acids. Control and treatment diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Feeding of diets was initiated approximately 100 d before parturition and continued through the third postpartum estrous cycle. On d 12 or 13 of the third postpartum cycle, corpora lutea were collected by ovariectomy and a center slice was processed for electron microscopy. Eight samples from each slice were sectioned, stained, and examined at a magnification of 2,500x. Five micrographs per sample were analyzed for area occupied by small (SLC) and large (LLC) luteal cells, percentage of the area of each steroidogenic cell type occupied by lipid, and total steroidogenic area (SLC + LLC) occupied by lipid. Jugular blood was collected before and after ovariectomy, and progesterone, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were quantified. Cows consuming treatment diets had approximately twice (P < .05) the concentration of cholesterol, HDL, and progesterone in serum that controls had. The percentage of the area of SLC, LLC, and total area occupied by lipid was greater (P < .05) in treated than in control cows. The average time required for serum concentrations of progesterone to decrease by 50% after ovariectomy was greater (P < .05) in treated than in control cows (170 +/- 16 vs 113 +/- 15 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
American journal of veterinary research, 1992
Hematologic values were determined in 35 beef calves at birth, at 24 and 48 hours, and in 22 of t... more Hematologic values were determined in 35 beef calves at birth, at 24 and 48 hours, and in 22 of these calves at 3 weeks after birth. Thirty calves did not have clinical signs of disease throughout the 3-week period. Variables that changed significantly over time in these healthy calves included hematocrit, RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, WBC count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and plasma total protein and serum immunoglobulin concentrations. Of the 35 calves, 5 had clinical signs of disease at 3 weeks. Comparison of hematologic values from these calves with values for healthy calves revealed significant differences at each sample collection time, although disease was not evident at the 3 early sample times. The band neutrophil count and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio differed between the 2 groups at birth. At 24 hours, the monocyte count was higher in the 5 ill calves. At 48 hours, total leukocyte, mature neutrophil, ...
The Cornell veterinarian, 1993
Behavioral observations and hematological, serum biochemical and blood gas measurements were made... more Behavioral observations and hematological, serum biochemical and blood gas measurements were made on 8 naturally occurring twin calves during the first 48 hours of life. These values were compared to similar measurements collected from 30 single born calves, born under the same calving conditions. All calves survived to at least 3 weeks of age without physically detectable disease. Although the gestational age of the twins and singles were not different, the twins had a lower mean birth weight. Calving difficulty score, time interval to standing and time interval to nursing were not different between the 2 groups. Twin calves had significantly lower rectal temperatures, arterial oxygen tensions and blood glucose concentrations than the single calves through the first 12 hours of life. Hct, Hgb concentration, and RBC were lower in twin calves throughout the 48 hour period. The N:L ratio was lower in the twins at birth. Mean serum IgG1 concentrations were lower in twins only at 24 hou...
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 1988
Factors that influence passive transfer of immunoglobulins from colostrum to the calf include tim... more Factors that influence passive transfer of immunoglobulins from colostrum to the calf include timing of colostrum intake, immunoglobulin concentration of the colostrum, presence of the dam, season, and individual calf variation in efficiency of absorption. l Most of the research in this area has been with dairy calves. Factors influencing immunoglobulin levels in colostrum and calf serum in range beef cattle are not well established. A study was conducted to determine the effect of body condition at calving and calving difficulty on calf vigor and calf serum immunoglobulin concentrations, and to determine the relationship of calf serum immunoglobulin concentration with calf growth to weaning, using 73 2-year-old crossbred beefheifers. 2 Heifers calved from January 4 to 28, 1984. Calving difficulty was scored (1, no assistance; 2, easy pull; 3, hard pull) at calving. No cesarean sections were necessary. Calves with abnormal presentations were excluded from the data set. Colostrum was milked from assisted heifers and fed to the calf. If the calf was able to suck, the colostrum was fed with a nipple bottle. If the calf was unable to suck, the colostrum was fed with an esophageal feeder. Following the calfs ingestion of colostrum, the calf and dam were placed in a pen together. Calves born unassisted were allowed to suckle dams naturally. Dams were given a mothering score (1, accepted calf immediately; 2, hesitated to accept calf but did not physically abuse calf; 3, physically abused calf). Heifers were condition scored (1, very thin; through 9, very fat). Calf sex and calf birth weights were recorded soon after calving. Jugular blood samples were taken from calves approximately 24 hours
Journal of Animal Science, 1990
Estrus has been synchronized in cattle with progestogens, prostaglandins (prostaglandin F2a and i... more Estrus has been synchronized in cattle with progestogens, prostaglandins (prostaglandin F2a and its analogues), progestogen-estrogen combinations and progestogen-prostaglandin combinations. Progestogens administered for 14 to 20 d are effective in synchronizing estrus; however, fertility at the synchronized estrus is subnormal. Duration of progestogen treatment can be reduced by combining it with an estrogen. Syncro-Mate B is a progestogen-estrogen combination that results in a tightly synchronized estrous response. Prostaglandins can be used in double-or single-injection programs. Fertility of the estrus after prostaglandin treatment is similar to that of controls. Estrus also has been synchronized effectively by combining a 5to 9 d progestogen treatment with prostaglandin at or near the end of treatment. When prostaglandin is used alone, cattle in the late stages of the luteal phase (d 11 to 15 of the estrous cycle) at the time of prostaglandin injection have a higher estrous response and may be more fertile than those injected with prostaglandin in the early part (d 6 to 9) of the luteal phase. More recently, a 14-d progestogen treatment has been combined with a prostaglandin injection given 16 to 18 d after progestogen withdrawal. This system places cattle in the late luteal phase of the estrous cycle at the time of prostaglandin injection and has resulted in an estrus with greater fertility than that immediately following progestogen treatment.
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 1995
Twenty forage samples were collected and selected for variation in nitrate content. Each forage s... more Twenty forage samples were collected and selected for variation in nitrate content. Each forage sample was analyzed 4 times by 4 different methods: diphenylamine spot plate, spectrophotometric, nitrate-selective electrode, and high-performance liquid chromatographic. Five feed extracts were spiked with 2 different amounts of nitrate and analyzed by each method. The spectrophotometric and nitrate-selective electrode had similar percent recoveries, which were close to 100%. The nitrate-selective electrode method had the least variation of the 4 methods. The diphenylamine spot plate method had the poorest average recovery, greatest variation, and was the least accurate. The average coefficients of variation for all samples within a method were 15%, 12%, 6.4%, and 16% for the diphenylamine spot plate, spectrophotometric, nitrate-selective electrode, and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods, respectively. The variation in the nitrate-selective electrode method was lower ( P &l...
for their assistance during the course of the experiments. The author is also greatly indebted to... more for their assistance during the course of the experiments. The author is also greatly indebted to his wife for her patience, understanding and assistance.
Journal of Animal Science, 1988
Serum samples and BW were obtained from 2-yr-old beef heifers, pregnant with either single (SF, n... more Serum samples and BW were obtained from 2-yr-old beef heifers, pregnant with either single (SF, n = 12) or twin (TF, n = 7) fetuses, at 7-d intervals from d 190 of gestation until calving. Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations of SF heifers gradually declined from d 190 (69.9 +-1.0 ng/ml) to d 263 (55.6-+ .8 ng/ml), then exhibited a slight increase by d 277 (63.4-+ 1.1 ng/ml). Serum IGF-I concentrations of TF heifers essentially paralleled, yet were lower (P < .05) than, concentrations in SF heifers for all days tested except d 197 and 205. The SF heifers pregnant with heifer fetuses (n = 6) had higher IGF-I concentrations (P < .1) than heifers pregnant with bull fetuses (n = 6) for all days tested except d 214 and 235. Instantaneous absolute growth rate (IGR) of SF heifers declined from 1.485 kg/d at d 190 to .257 kg/d by d 277. Rate of decline in IGR of TF heifers was much greater (P < .0001). Correlations between serum IGF-I concentrations and IGR for SF and TF heifers were .79 (P < .001) and .59 (P < .05), respectively. These data suggest that number and sex of fetus influence maternal concentrations of IGF-I and that the combined growth rate of the dam and conceptus during gestation is related to serum IGF-I concentration.
Journal of Animal Science, 1987
Recipient beef heifers, pregnant with single demi-embryos, were paired according to identical twi... more Recipient beef heifers, pregnant with single demi-embryos, were paired according to identical twin or full-sib embryo. Within pair, recipient heifers were assigned to one of two isocaloric diets containing a control or restricted level of protein (91 vs 55% of National Research Council recommendations) on d 190 of gestation. Following parturition, calves were weighed, fed 1 liter of colostrum, dried and placed in a metabolic chamber at 5 h of age for an 8-h determination of heat production (HP). Maternal body weight gains (P<.001) during the last trimester and body condition scores at parturition (P<.05) were reduced in heifers fed the protein-restricted diet. Calves born to heifers fed the protein-restricted diet had 11.4% lower (P<.O5) HP than calves born to control heifers (43.7 vs 49.3 kcal'kg-1 "d-~). Birth weights, respiratory quotients and rectal temperatures of newborn calves were not significantly affected by prepartum protein restriction. Within treatment groups, the relationship between HP and weight was described by the equation: HP (kcal/d) = 2.30 wt TM. The allometric exponent of 1.86-+ .26 implied that weight-specific metabolic rate was higher rather than lower in larger weight calves. We concluded that the thermogenie ability of neonatal calves may be compromised by prepartum protein restriction and(or) small birth weights.
Journal of Animal Science, 1995
Crossbred steer and heifer calves (n = 84) were given injections at branding and at weaning (usin... more Crossbred steer and heifer calves (n = 84) were given injections at branding and at weaning (using a completely randomized block design); 225 to 376 d later, pairs of two subprimal cuts from each animal were evaluated for incidence and severity of injection-site lesions. The four products compared were 1) a 2-mL clostridial, 2) a 5-mL clostridial, 3) vitamin AD 3 , and 4) a long-acting oxytetracycline antibiotic (OTC). Branding-age calves (mean 48.3 d of age) received intramuscular injections of two of the four products, in the semimembranosus (inside round) muscles (one in the left muscle and one in the right); at weaning age (mean 199.3 d of age), calves received injections of the remaining two products in the gluteus medius (top sirloin butt) muscles (one in the left and the other in the right). Injections at branding of 2 mL of clostridial, 5 mL of clostridial, vitamin AD 3 , and OTC caused injection-site lesions in 72.5, 92.7, 5.3, and 51.2%, respectively, of inside rounds from slaughter cattle. Incidence of injectionsite lesions was lowest (P < .05) among inside rounds and top sirloin butts from animals given vitamin AD 3 (as calves, and at both branding and weaning times) and was highest (P < .05) in inside rounds from cattle given, as calves, injections of 5 mL of clostridial at branding or of OTC at weaning. Less trimming was required to remove the lesions resulting from injections of all four products when they were given at weaning time. Before completion of the present study, it was thought that injection-site lesions were from damage that subsisted only briefly following an inoculation; these results make it abundantly clear that intramuscular administration of clostridials and certain antibiotics will cause damage so severe that it will be evident in beef muscle 7.5 to 12 mo later.
Journal of Animal Science, 1993
Calf weaning weights and estimates of 205-d milk yield (n = 317) were obtained from 90 Polled Her... more Calf weaning weights and estimates of 205-d milk yield (n = 317) were obtained from 90 Polled Hereford (P H) and 80 Simmental (SM) cows to evaluate the relationship of these measures with maternal milk and total maternal EPD from national cattle evaluations. An inverse parabolic exponential function predicted 205-d milk yields for each cow from five estimates of daily milk yield taken once per month via calf weigh-suckle-weigh. Changes in calves' 205-d adjusted weights were greater than predicted (P < .02) by maternal milk EPD of PH and SM dams and PH maternal grandsires (MGS) but were similar to changes predicted by SM MGS (P > .50). These changes were also greater than those predicted by total maternal EPD of PH dams and MGS (P < .02) but were similar to those predicted in SM dams and MGS (P > ,381. Interactions of maternal milk and total maternal EPD with sex of calf and year did not influence calves' 205-d adjusted weights (P > .lo). A positive relationship was found in both breeds between 205-d milk yield EPD (calculated from 205-d milk yield estimates) and maternal milk EPD from national cattle evaluations. Objectively assessing the magnitude of this relationship was hindered by problems in estimating heritability and interpreting correlations between EPD. These data indicate that maternal milk and total maternal EPD from national cattle evaluations are reasonably good predictors of genetic differences in milk yield and weaning weight.
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1983
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1980
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1978
We analyzed date on 1536 fall calving Angus cows to determine the effect of post-partum breeding ... more We analyzed date on 1536 fall calving Angus cows to determine the effect of post-partum breeding interval on conception rates in beef cows. Normal fertility was observed for cows showing heat 40 or more days postpartum.
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1982
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1978
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1979
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1981
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 1981
Journal of Animal Science, 1991
Tissue growth of crossbred fetal beef calves was examined by measuring RNA, DNA, and protein conc... more Tissue growth of crossbred fetal beef calves was examined by measuring RNA, DNA, and protein concentrations in liver, heart, and biceps femoris. Furthermore, liver insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA expression and mRNA species size during fetal development was observed. Tissue samples were collected from six fetuses every 42 d of gestation, from d 106 to d 274. In the liver, protein and DNA concentrations decreased, whereas RNA levels remained constant throughout fetal growth. The RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios in liver increased with fetal age. Heart DNA and RNA levels decreased, whereas protein concentration and protein/DNA ratios increased with fetal age. Protein and protein/DNA ratios decreased in biceps tissue, whereas DNA and RNA concentrations were constant. IGF-I mRNA was seen at 4.4, 2.5, and 1.2 kb in adult and 4.4, 2.5, and 1.7 kb in fetal bovine liver. Relative expression of liver IGF-I mRNA did not vary during fetal development. The current study shows that during the last 2 and 3 mo of gestation, heart and liver were undergoing hypertrophic growth, whereas biceps tissue did not exhibit the same trend. Elevated ratios of RNA and protein to DNA in liver above that of the heart and biceps suggest extensive hepatic cellular hypertrophy as well as increased transcriptional and translational activity. Insulin-like growth factor I mRNA levels were not related to the changes in RNA, DNA, and protein seen in hepatic tissue.
Journal of Animal Science, 1995
To determine whether an increase in serum lipids alters the area occupied by lipid droplets in st... more To determine whether an increase in serum lipids alters the area occupied by lipid droplets in steroidogenic luteal cells and(or) clearance rates of progesterone from serum, pregnant beef heifers received control (n = 6) or treatment (n = 5) diets. To increase serum lipids, the treatment diet contained calcium soaps of fatty acids. Control and treatment diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Feeding of diets was initiated approximately 100 d before parturition and continued through the third postpartum estrous cycle. On d 12 or 13 of the third postpartum cycle, corpora lutea were collected by ovariectomy and a center slice was processed for electron microscopy. Eight samples from each slice were sectioned, stained, and examined at a magnification of 2,500x. Five micrographs per sample were analyzed for area occupied by small (SLC) and large (LLC) luteal cells, percentage of the area of each steroidogenic cell type occupied by lipid, and total steroidogenic area (SLC + LLC) occupied by lipid. Jugular blood was collected before and after ovariectomy, and progesterone, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were quantified. Cows consuming treatment diets had approximately twice (P < .05) the concentration of cholesterol, HDL, and progesterone in serum that controls had. The percentage of the area of SLC, LLC, and total area occupied by lipid was greater (P < .05) in treated than in control cows. The average time required for serum concentrations of progesterone to decrease by 50% after ovariectomy was greater (P < .05) in treated than in control cows (170 +/- 16 vs 113 +/- 15 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
American journal of veterinary research, 1992
Hematologic values were determined in 35 beef calves at birth, at 24 and 48 hours, and in 22 of t... more Hematologic values were determined in 35 beef calves at birth, at 24 and 48 hours, and in 22 of these calves at 3 weeks after birth. Thirty calves did not have clinical signs of disease throughout the 3-week period. Variables that changed significantly over time in these healthy calves included hematocrit, RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, WBC count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and plasma total protein and serum immunoglobulin concentrations. Of the 35 calves, 5 had clinical signs of disease at 3 weeks. Comparison of hematologic values from these calves with values for healthy calves revealed significant differences at each sample collection time, although disease was not evident at the 3 early sample times. The band neutrophil count and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio differed between the 2 groups at birth. At 24 hours, the monocyte count was higher in the 5 ill calves. At 48 hours, total leukocyte, mature neutrophil, ...
The Cornell veterinarian, 1993
Behavioral observations and hematological, serum biochemical and blood gas measurements were made... more Behavioral observations and hematological, serum biochemical and blood gas measurements were made on 8 naturally occurring twin calves during the first 48 hours of life. These values were compared to similar measurements collected from 30 single born calves, born under the same calving conditions. All calves survived to at least 3 weeks of age without physically detectable disease. Although the gestational age of the twins and singles were not different, the twins had a lower mean birth weight. Calving difficulty score, time interval to standing and time interval to nursing were not different between the 2 groups. Twin calves had significantly lower rectal temperatures, arterial oxygen tensions and blood glucose concentrations than the single calves through the first 12 hours of life. Hct, Hgb concentration, and RBC were lower in twin calves throughout the 48 hour period. The N:L ratio was lower in the twins at birth. Mean serum IgG1 concentrations were lower in twins only at 24 hou...