Kenneth Brooks - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Kenneth Brooks
Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest, Apr 12, 1975
Environmental Management, May 15, 2008
![Research paper thumbnail of Contributions of studies on experimental forests to hydrology and watershed management [Chapter 14]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117450259/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2014
Black ash wetlands are seriously threatened because of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB). Wetl... more Black ash wetlands are seriously threatened because of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB). Wetland hydrology is likely to be modified following ash mortality, but the magnitude of hydrological impact following loss via EAB and alternative mitigation harvests is not clear. Our objective was to assess the water table response to simulated EAB and harvesting to determine if management actions will be needed to maintain ecosystem functions following EAB infestation. We applied four replicated treatments to 1.6 ha plots as follows: (1) control, (2) girdling of all black ash trees to simulate loss via EAB mortality, (3) group selection harvests (20% of stand in 0.04 ha gaps), and (4) clear-cut harvest. Water table (WT) elevations were monitored for 1 year pre-treatment and two years post-treatment. Clear-cutting delayed WT drawdown in both years of the study, and the WT was significantly higher than the control treatment, predominantly when WT depth was below 30 cm. The effect of the gr...
River Research and Applications, 2011
ABSTRACTChanges in land use and drainage have contributed to channel adjustment in small‐order to... more ABSTRACTChanges in land use and drainage have contributed to channel adjustment in small‐order to medium‐order streams in the prairie pothole region of south‐west Minnesota. Although conversion from prairie to agriculture occurred a century ago, recent decades have seen increased subsurface tile drainage, annual row crop coverage and channel modifications, particularly at road crossings such that channel adjustment is ongoing. Channel evolution in Elm and Center Creeks, two fourth‐order streams in the Blue Earth River basin, was studied to understand relationships between changes in channel morphology and suspended sediment concentrations. The construction of drainage ditches and expanded subsurface tiling has connected isolated basins to stream channels, effectively increasing drainage areas of Elm and Center Creeks by 15–20%. Sinuosity has been reduced by grading and drainage of first‐order sloughs, channel straightening at road crossings and natural cut‐offs and agricultural ditc...
Hydrology Research, 1987
Questions concerning the effects of drainage, peat mining and timber harvesting on streamflow res... more Questions concerning the effects of drainage, peat mining and timber harvesting on streamflow response in the northern Lake States of the U.S.A. led to the development of the Peatland Hydrologic Impact Model (PHIM). PHIM is a generalized, deterministic, continuous simulation model, that is physically-based to the extent possible. Three independent landtype submodels represent watershed conditions common in the region. The appropriate land-type submodel(s), either natural peatland (NWATBAL), mined peatland (MWATBAL), or mineral soil upland (UWATBAL) are configured by the model user to represent the watershed. The submodels were applied to test the model on the streamflow response from three different peatland watersheds. Stormflow events were simulated for a 3,758 ha natural peatland and a 155 ha mined peatland. Annual water yield simulations for a 9.72 ha upland-peatland watershed produced a mean ratio of predicted/observed streamflow of 1.01 ± 0.08 for six test years. The model is ...
Integrated watershed management: connecting people to their land and water
The many challenges and opportunities for improving people's use and management of their land... more The many challenges and opportunities for improving people's use and management of their land and water resources are presented in this chapter. The loss of protective forest cover in upland watersheds, urban encroachment on the landscape, loss of wetlands, pollution of water supplies, and the accelerated loss of soil resources represent growing challenges. The opportunities to cope with these issues and to develop sustainable solutions to problems and issues of land and natural resource scarcity, water scarcity and water quality, the paramount issue faced in the 21st century, are introduced in this chapter.
Portions of the 700 km 2 Elm Creek watershed in southern Minnesota have undergone watershed and c... more Portions of the 700 km 2 Elm Creek watershed in southern Minnesota have undergone watershed and channel improvements over the past decade to mitigate turbidity and biota impairment. Increased row cropping, artificial drainage, channel modifications and precipitation have cumulatively contributed to impairment and channel instability. Uplands that were once a prairie pothole landscape are now predominately drained corn-soybean fields, providing little hydrologic storage and sediment attenuation during peak runoff. Riparian degradation and channel discontinuity characterize much of lower Elm Creek. Wetlands have been restored in the upper watershed to reduce runoff and nutrient loading from croplands. Downstream, a 750 meter riparian corridor of Elm Creek was restored and the channel improved by oxbow reconnection, bluff and streambank protection. Monitoring will document erosion and sediment deposition within the reach and Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) data will be collected to cha...
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2011
The goal of this article is to address the question: can the production and sale of biomass for e... more The goal of this article is to address the question: can the production and sale of biomass for energy help reduce the costs of conventional mechanical pile and burn forest fuel treatments? To address this question, this study analyzes data from six forest fuel reduction treatment units that combined biomass-harvesting trials in the Superior National Forest located in the state
Agroforestry Systems, Nov 11, 2008
Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds
Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds
Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds
Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest, Apr 12, 1975
Environmental Management, May 15, 2008
Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2014
Black ash wetlands are seriously threatened because of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB). Wetl... more Black ash wetlands are seriously threatened because of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB). Wetland hydrology is likely to be modified following ash mortality, but the magnitude of hydrological impact following loss via EAB and alternative mitigation harvests is not clear. Our objective was to assess the water table response to simulated EAB and harvesting to determine if management actions will be needed to maintain ecosystem functions following EAB infestation. We applied four replicated treatments to 1.6 ha plots as follows: (1) control, (2) girdling of all black ash trees to simulate loss via EAB mortality, (3) group selection harvests (20% of stand in 0.04 ha gaps), and (4) clear-cut harvest. Water table (WT) elevations were monitored for 1 year pre-treatment and two years post-treatment. Clear-cutting delayed WT drawdown in both years of the study, and the WT was significantly higher than the control treatment, predominantly when WT depth was below 30 cm. The effect of the gr...
River Research and Applications, 2011
ABSTRACTChanges in land use and drainage have contributed to channel adjustment in small‐order to... more ABSTRACTChanges in land use and drainage have contributed to channel adjustment in small‐order to medium‐order streams in the prairie pothole region of south‐west Minnesota. Although conversion from prairie to agriculture occurred a century ago, recent decades have seen increased subsurface tile drainage, annual row crop coverage and channel modifications, particularly at road crossings such that channel adjustment is ongoing. Channel evolution in Elm and Center Creeks, two fourth‐order streams in the Blue Earth River basin, was studied to understand relationships between changes in channel morphology and suspended sediment concentrations. The construction of drainage ditches and expanded subsurface tiling has connected isolated basins to stream channels, effectively increasing drainage areas of Elm and Center Creeks by 15–20%. Sinuosity has been reduced by grading and drainage of first‐order sloughs, channel straightening at road crossings and natural cut‐offs and agricultural ditc...
Hydrology Research, 1987
Questions concerning the effects of drainage, peat mining and timber harvesting on streamflow res... more Questions concerning the effects of drainage, peat mining and timber harvesting on streamflow response in the northern Lake States of the U.S.A. led to the development of the Peatland Hydrologic Impact Model (PHIM). PHIM is a generalized, deterministic, continuous simulation model, that is physically-based to the extent possible. Three independent landtype submodels represent watershed conditions common in the region. The appropriate land-type submodel(s), either natural peatland (NWATBAL), mined peatland (MWATBAL), or mineral soil upland (UWATBAL) are configured by the model user to represent the watershed. The submodels were applied to test the model on the streamflow response from three different peatland watersheds. Stormflow events were simulated for a 3,758 ha natural peatland and a 155 ha mined peatland. Annual water yield simulations for a 9.72 ha upland-peatland watershed produced a mean ratio of predicted/observed streamflow of 1.01 ± 0.08 for six test years. The model is ...
Integrated watershed management: connecting people to their land and water
The many challenges and opportunities for improving people's use and management of their land... more The many challenges and opportunities for improving people's use and management of their land and water resources are presented in this chapter. The loss of protective forest cover in upland watersheds, urban encroachment on the landscape, loss of wetlands, pollution of water supplies, and the accelerated loss of soil resources represent growing challenges. The opportunities to cope with these issues and to develop sustainable solutions to problems and issues of land and natural resource scarcity, water scarcity and water quality, the paramount issue faced in the 21st century, are introduced in this chapter.
Portions of the 700 km 2 Elm Creek watershed in southern Minnesota have undergone watershed and c... more Portions of the 700 km 2 Elm Creek watershed in southern Minnesota have undergone watershed and channel improvements over the past decade to mitigate turbidity and biota impairment. Increased row cropping, artificial drainage, channel modifications and precipitation have cumulatively contributed to impairment and channel instability. Uplands that were once a prairie pothole landscape are now predominately drained corn-soybean fields, providing little hydrologic storage and sediment attenuation during peak runoff. Riparian degradation and channel discontinuity characterize much of lower Elm Creek. Wetlands have been restored in the upper watershed to reduce runoff and nutrient loading from croplands. Downstream, a 750 meter riparian corridor of Elm Creek was restored and the channel improved by oxbow reconnection, bluff and streambank protection. Monitoring will document erosion and sediment deposition within the reach and Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) data will be collected to cha...
Biomass and Bioenergy, 2011
The goal of this article is to address the question: can the production and sale of biomass for e... more The goal of this article is to address the question: can the production and sale of biomass for energy help reduce the costs of conventional mechanical pile and burn forest fuel treatments? To address this question, this study analyzes data from six forest fuel reduction treatment units that combined biomass-harvesting trials in the Superior National Forest located in the state
Agroforestry Systems, Nov 11, 2008
Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds
Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds
Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds