Kshipra Misra - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Kshipra Misra

Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering, 2016

Continuous agricultural innovations are required to feed the exploding human population through n... more Continuous agricultural innovations are required to feed the exploding human population through natural or artificial resources. Though light is ample on earth, two-third of unavailable ocean and one-third of available soil are major limiting factors to free growth. Excessive fertilizer usage is irreversibly altering the chemical ecology of soil, further reducing the available area. Seed metabolism might be a potential answer to this resource crunch. Without genetic modification and thus maintaining the existing biodiversity, manipulation of seed metabolism at the very onset of germination is a sustainable alternative. The current work presents seed priming with iron pyrite (FeS 2) prior to sowing as one such sustainable and innovative intervention to reduce fertilizer consumption in vegetable (beetroot, carrot), spice (fenugreek), fodder (alfalfa), and oilseed (mustard, sesamum) crops. A 12-h seed pretreatment in an aqueous suspension of nano-iron disulfide/pyrite (FeS 2) resulted in significant yield increase in the above crops. While agriculturists aim to restore the natural genomic diversity of different domesticated crops, environmental engineers require technologies to reduce fertilizer consumption without compromising agricultural yields, thereby making the planet more sustainable. This nanoscale seed pretreatment approach using FeS 2 , otherwise a benign earth abundant mineral, suggests the sustainable opportunity to translate this technology to other crops thereby enhancing the global agricultural production.

I Control Pollution, 2007

LLindane belongs to the organochlorine class of pesticides that have been banned in most of the d... more LLindane belongs to the organochlorine class of pesticides that have been banned in most of the developed countries in the 1970s. There are basically five stable isomers (actually eight isomers) of lindane – a, â, a, a and a. Only a isomer has insecticidal properties and due to its persistence in the environment (presence of recalcitrant chlorine groups), it is considered an ecologically toxic substance. Its presence in the environment is due to its extensive use as insecticide for control of a broad spectrum of phytophagous and soil-inhabiting insects, public- health pests, and animal ectoparasites and also on a wide range of crops and in seed treatments. There is a possibility of availability of lindane (due to its semi-volatile nature) into the three major environmental compartments- air, water and soil. Various mechanisms responsible for the transport are hydrolysis, diffusion, volatilisation, sorption, biodegradation (slow), bioaccumulation and photo-oxidation. Bioavailability ...

Allopathic Remedies

Management of High Altitude Pathophysiology, 2018

Arsenic removal technologies: field applications and sustainability

Handbook of Water Purity and Quality, 2021

Abstract Arsenic is a metalloid and the major cause of concern for the pollution in drinking wate... more Abstract Arsenic is a metalloid and the major cause of concern for the pollution in drinking water and soil. The toxicity issues with the health, while its consumption more than the WHO permissible limit is the major reason for the death of the people, due to contaminated drinking water consumption. With respect to toxicity arsenic(III) form is considered more dangerous. Various methods and technologies have been developed against this global problem. The physical, chemical, and biological remediation technologies were developed to reduce the hazardous effects. The rock mining, volcano eruption, and contaminated soil leaching are the major sources of the groundwater contamination. Biobased remediation methods are focusing these days due to their less side effect and nontoxic nature of the treatment process such as biosorption, biomethylation, and bioaugmentation. This chapter describes the forms of arsenic, their causes, health effects, case study, different types of treatment technologies, and their use in household and commercial level. New advancements based on nanolevel treatment technologies are coming in future to completely remove the arsenic from consumable water and can also provide the benchmarks to develop more accurate technological advancement in removing total contaminations from each kind of source.

Effects of Extraction Temperature on Efficacy of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), Aqueous Extract against Oxidative Stress

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2020

This study was designed to understand the effect of extraction temperature, i.e., room temperatur... more This study was designed to understand the effect of extraction temperature, i.e., room temperature (GLRT), 50°C (GL50), 100°C (hot water; GL100), and 200°C (GL200) on antioxidant and biological activity of G. lucidum. The % yield obtained was 5.3%, 7.6%, 10.7%, and 13.2% at various extraction temperatures; room temperature, 50°C, 100°C and 200°C, respectively. Similarly, phenolic content (51.6, 57.9, 82.9, and 93.1 mg/g extract) and flavonoid content (18.8, 23.2, 34.3, and 36.3 mg/g extract) were observed to be increased with rise in extraction temperature. However, extraction temperature resulted in loss of antioxidant activities above 100°C as evident by chemical assays such as DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and TRP conducted on extracts. In contrast, three bioactive compounds, i.e., adenine (3.26, 3.48, 2.16, and 1.45 mg/g extract), uracil (3.99, 3.21, 2.51, and 1.47 mg/g extract), and adenosine (5.92, 5.62, 2.22 and 0.7 mg/g extract), quantified by high performance thin layer chromatography showed decrease in their content with increasing extraction temperature. Extract prepared at room temperature and 50°C prevented loss of cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species resulted after hydrogen peroxide exposure; however, cytoprotective efficacy was not significant at 100°C and 200°C The order of cytoprotective effects observed by these extract were in the following order: room temperature ≥ 50°C > 100°C > 200°C. Overall, the optimal temperature conditions for the efficient extraction of G. lucidum with water retaining bioactive compounds and biological activity was found to be below 100°C.

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2017

Curcumin, an important phytoconstituent obtained from Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is used traditi... more Curcumin, an important phytoconstituent obtained from Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is used traditionally in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases like arthritis, stroke and bowel diseases, etc. Despite its many health benefits, instability of curcumin in plasma is a major issue. The retention of curcumin in plasma must be properly evaluated in order to establish its stability in biological systems. The current study presents an HPTLC method undertaken for detection of curcumin and determination of its stability in plasma and different tissues of rats. The plasma and tissue samples were appropriately processed to render them suitable for HPTLC analysis. The method employed HPTLC glass plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 as the stationary phase. The mobile phase developed consisted of chloroform, methanol and glacial acetic acid which successfully gave distinct bands for curcumin with a Rf value of 0.95. This newly developed HPTLC method was found to be reproducible and ac...

Rhodiola sp.: The Herbal Remedy for High-Altitude Problems

Various species belonging to the genus Rhodiola (family Crassulaceae) are distributed throughout ... more Various species belonging to the genus Rhodiola (family Crassulaceae) are distributed throughout Asia, Europe, and North America. Rhodiola rhizomes, also called golden roots, have been used traditionally in China, Tibet, Mongolia, and the former Soviet Republics for their medicinal properties. The therapeutic effects demonstrated by Rhodiola are attributed to its biologically active substances: rosavin, rosarin, rosin, salidroside, and tyrosol. These phytoconstituents exhibit protective effects against physical and mental stresses. Rhodiola roots have been described extensively for being adaptogenic, antiproliferative, antifatigue, antihypoxic, cytoprotective, and oxygen scavenging. Some data confirm that the species, Rhodiola rosea L. preparations stop the growth of the malignant tumors and metastasis in the liver. This chapter reviews the active principles in Rhodiola sp. and gives an insight into its roles in ameliorating various health ailments.

Instruments Research & Development Establishment (IRDE), DRDO, Dehradun-248 008, Uttarakhand, Ind... more Instruments Research & Development Establishment (IRDE), DRDO, Dehradun-248 008, Uttarakhand, India E-mail: lrchauhan@irde.drdo.in Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi-110 054, India Manuscript received 24 November 2017, revised 26 April 2018, accepted 28 April 2018 This work is an extension of our earlier development work. A chemical bath developed for optical coating on a particular kind of stainless steel, is utilized for the blackening of selected steel used for the fabrication of specific mechanical components for the vision instruments. In this study, first operating parameters of the formulated bath is evaluated and then the process is optimized for desired black oxide coating on the surface of this specified steel. Characterization of coating for optical and mechanical properties (hardness and roughness), surface micro-structure and environmental effect is carried out by using spectroscopy, indentation hardness test, optical profilometer, SE...

Phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity activity of crude extracts from Pleurostylia capensis (Celastracea)

Biochemistry & pharmacology, Dec 4, 2013

Studies on of shoot growth characters of some genotypes of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.)

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018

Changes during development in fruits of Karonda (Carissa carandas L.)

International Journal of Basic and Applied Agricultural Research, 2014

Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 1998

This paper presents the adsorption isotherm studies on coconut based activated carbon (AC) of dif... more This paper presents the adsorption isotherm studies on coconut based activated carbon (AC) of different grades (650-1300 m2/g) to asses its efficiency for the removal of trinitrotoluene (TNT) from aqueous solutions. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isothenns are plotted and equilibrium constant and maximum adsorption capacity for each carbon is computed from the isotherm data. A linear relationship has been obtained between amount adsorbed and the surface area of carbons.The effect of varying amounts of carbon oxygen complexes on carbon surface modified by oxidation and degassing treatments, on the adsorption of TNT has also been studied. The results indicate that the increasing amount of chemisorbed oxygen on carbon has favourably influenced the adsorption behaviour of TNT. Various nitrobodies are found in the waste waters of explosive manufacturing and ammunition filling facilities.These nitro compounds are toxic in nature and must be brought down to permissible levels before th...

3 Biotech, 2021

Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) is a fungus closely related to medicinal mushroom, which belongs ... more Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) is a fungus closely related to medicinal mushroom, which belongs to the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. It is a well-known and rich herbal source of bioactive active constituents. The medicinal mushroom has garnered worldwide attention owing to its multifarious bioactivities. This mushroom grows on the larva of ghost moths (Hepialidae) and produces fruiting bodies, which serve as a vital natural source of medicine and supplementary diets. On account of the diverse pharmacological and bioactive constituents present in O. sinensis, it has been established as a potential antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory agent that has been successfully used for treating several health issues, including hypoxia-related problems encountered by mountaineers, pilgrims, tourists and soldiers occurring at highaltitude regions such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), frostbite, chilblains, hypothermia, etc. The most important pharmacologically active compounds present in the O. sinensis include nucleobases and its derivatives (adenosine, cordycepin, 3-deoxyadenosine, AMP, GMP, UMP, guanosine, uridine), polysaccharides (mannose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, galactose), proteins, peptides and steroids. This article focuses on the various research endeavors undertaken to scientifically establish the medicinal properties of O. sinensis, highlighting the various principally active compounds, their pharmacological action, drug designing and development and future perspective for various health benefits.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Allium roseum L. “Lazoul,” A Wild Edible Endemic Species in North Africa

International Journal of Food Properties, 2011

ABSTRACT

MOJ Immunology, 2017

Wheatgrass, Triticum aestivum is well known for its high nutritional values. However the immunomo... more Wheatgrass, Triticum aestivum is well known for its high nutritional values. However the immunomodulatory activity of the same is unexplored. Therefore, the present study was planned to elucidate the immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extract of wheatgrass. For immunomodulatory activity analysis, THP1 cells were treated with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and aqueous and hydroethanolic wheatgrass extract (50µg/mL and 100µg/ mL, respectively) for 24 h. After 24 h, supernatants were harvested and cytokine assays were performed. NO production in terms of amount of nitrite content was also estimated in treated and untreated murine peritoneal macrophages using Griess reagent. Further, a dose dependent in-vitro comparative study concluded that both the extracts possess immunostimulatory activity. However comparison between both established that aqueous extract of wheatgrass having more immunostimulatory activity at the dose of 100μg/ml as extract significantly upregulated LPS induced release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in THP1 cells. The extract also significantly induced nitrite release in macrophage cells without causing any toxic effects. The findings suggest the non-specific immunostimulatory activity of wheatgrass; hence it could be used in enhancing immune responses and disease resistance.

Bioactive Fractions from the Chinese Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycetes), Elucidate Adaptogenic Role against Hypoxia Stress

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2020

Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a high-altitude medicinal mushroom, is widely revered in traditional med... more Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a high-altitude medicinal mushroom, is widely revered in traditional medicine for its antiproliferative, antihypercholesterolemic, energy enhancement, etc. properties. These properties are attributed to the presence of steroids, terpenoids, polyphenolics, glycosides, and glycoproteins in it. The current study presents characterization of three phenolic rich fractions (PRFs) separated from aqueous extract of O. sinensis using diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. These fractions possessed considerable antioxidant potential in terms of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, ferric ion reducing power, and free radical scavenging efficiency. Chemical characterization of the PRFs was carried out using HPTLC and GC-MS. The diethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions elucidated appreciable antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi. The aqueous extract and residual phenolic fraction displayed protective effect on HEK 293 cell lines against hypoxia stress and also bestowed appreciative adaptogenic role against cold, hypoxia, and restraint stress in vivo, by decreasing levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase and incrementing reduced glutathione concentrations.

The present study provides an extensive qualitative phytochemical analysis, proximate composition... more The present study provides an extensive qualitative phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and proteome study on Indian isolate of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum). Regardless of reported health benefits and economic importance, there is relatively little information available about its qualitative phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and proteome study especially of Indian isolates of G. lucidum. Therefore, a thorough qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried on powdered whole body of G. lucidum fruiting body (GLF Wb), G. lucidum mycelium (GLM Wb) and their aqueous extracts (GLF Aq and GLM Aq), respectively. These were prepared by accelerated solvent extraction technique (ASE) which showed the presence of several bioactive components such as alkaloids, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, gums, mucilages and saponins. We estimated chemical composition of the medicinal mushroom GLF Wb and GLM Wb in terms of its carbohydrate...

Development of eco-friendly chemical conversion coating for aluminium substrate

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 2022

Cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis) is well established as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that... more Cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis) is well established as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been valued as a health food for centuries. It is an entomopathogenic fungus in Ascomycetes that naturally occurs at high altitude in Himalayan region and has received considerable attention due to the abundance of various biologically active compounds. Despite having reported health benefits and economic importance, qualitative phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and proteome study of Indian isolates of C. sinensis grown at high altitude remains untapped. In the present study, qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried on powdered whole body of C. sinensis (CS Wb) and its aqueous extract (CS Aq) prepared by accelerated solvent extraction technique which indicated the presence of several bioactive constituents such as alkaloids, amino acids and proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids and phenols, gums, mucilages and saponins. We evaluated chemical composition of the Indian...

Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering, 2016

Continuous agricultural innovations are required to feed the exploding human population through n... more Continuous agricultural innovations are required to feed the exploding human population through natural or artificial resources. Though light is ample on earth, two-third of unavailable ocean and one-third of available soil are major limiting factors to free growth. Excessive fertilizer usage is irreversibly altering the chemical ecology of soil, further reducing the available area. Seed metabolism might be a potential answer to this resource crunch. Without genetic modification and thus maintaining the existing biodiversity, manipulation of seed metabolism at the very onset of germination is a sustainable alternative. The current work presents seed priming with iron pyrite (FeS 2) prior to sowing as one such sustainable and innovative intervention to reduce fertilizer consumption in vegetable (beetroot, carrot), spice (fenugreek), fodder (alfalfa), and oilseed (mustard, sesamum) crops. A 12-h seed pretreatment in an aqueous suspension of nano-iron disulfide/pyrite (FeS 2) resulted in significant yield increase in the above crops. While agriculturists aim to restore the natural genomic diversity of different domesticated crops, environmental engineers require technologies to reduce fertilizer consumption without compromising agricultural yields, thereby making the planet more sustainable. This nanoscale seed pretreatment approach using FeS 2 , otherwise a benign earth abundant mineral, suggests the sustainable opportunity to translate this technology to other crops thereby enhancing the global agricultural production.

I Control Pollution, 2007

LLindane belongs to the organochlorine class of pesticides that have been banned in most of the d... more LLindane belongs to the organochlorine class of pesticides that have been banned in most of the developed countries in the 1970s. There are basically five stable isomers (actually eight isomers) of lindane – a, â, a, a and a. Only a isomer has insecticidal properties and due to its persistence in the environment (presence of recalcitrant chlorine groups), it is considered an ecologically toxic substance. Its presence in the environment is due to its extensive use as insecticide for control of a broad spectrum of phytophagous and soil-inhabiting insects, public- health pests, and animal ectoparasites and also on a wide range of crops and in seed treatments. There is a possibility of availability of lindane (due to its semi-volatile nature) into the three major environmental compartments- air, water and soil. Various mechanisms responsible for the transport are hydrolysis, diffusion, volatilisation, sorption, biodegradation (slow), bioaccumulation and photo-oxidation. Bioavailability ...

Allopathic Remedies

Management of High Altitude Pathophysiology, 2018

Arsenic removal technologies: field applications and sustainability

Handbook of Water Purity and Quality, 2021

Abstract Arsenic is a metalloid and the major cause of concern for the pollution in drinking wate... more Abstract Arsenic is a metalloid and the major cause of concern for the pollution in drinking water and soil. The toxicity issues with the health, while its consumption more than the WHO permissible limit is the major reason for the death of the people, due to contaminated drinking water consumption. With respect to toxicity arsenic(III) form is considered more dangerous. Various methods and technologies have been developed against this global problem. The physical, chemical, and biological remediation technologies were developed to reduce the hazardous effects. The rock mining, volcano eruption, and contaminated soil leaching are the major sources of the groundwater contamination. Biobased remediation methods are focusing these days due to their less side effect and nontoxic nature of the treatment process such as biosorption, biomethylation, and bioaugmentation. This chapter describes the forms of arsenic, their causes, health effects, case study, different types of treatment technologies, and their use in household and commercial level. New advancements based on nanolevel treatment technologies are coming in future to completely remove the arsenic from consumable water and can also provide the benchmarks to develop more accurate technological advancement in removing total contaminations from each kind of source.

Effects of Extraction Temperature on Efficacy of Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), Aqueous Extract against Oxidative Stress

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2020

This study was designed to understand the effect of extraction temperature, i.e., room temperatur... more This study was designed to understand the effect of extraction temperature, i.e., room temperature (GLRT), 50°C (GL50), 100°C (hot water; GL100), and 200°C (GL200) on antioxidant and biological activity of G. lucidum. The % yield obtained was 5.3%, 7.6%, 10.7%, and 13.2% at various extraction temperatures; room temperature, 50°C, 100°C and 200°C, respectively. Similarly, phenolic content (51.6, 57.9, 82.9, and 93.1 mg/g extract) and flavonoid content (18.8, 23.2, 34.3, and 36.3 mg/g extract) were observed to be increased with rise in extraction temperature. However, extraction temperature resulted in loss of antioxidant activities above 100°C as evident by chemical assays such as DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and TRP conducted on extracts. In contrast, three bioactive compounds, i.e., adenine (3.26, 3.48, 2.16, and 1.45 mg/g extract), uracil (3.99, 3.21, 2.51, and 1.47 mg/g extract), and adenosine (5.92, 5.62, 2.22 and 0.7 mg/g extract), quantified by high performance thin layer chromatography showed decrease in their content with increasing extraction temperature. Extract prepared at room temperature and 50°C prevented loss of cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species resulted after hydrogen peroxide exposure; however, cytoprotective efficacy was not significant at 100°C and 200°C The order of cytoprotective effects observed by these extract were in the following order: room temperature ≥ 50°C > 100°C > 200°C. Overall, the optimal temperature conditions for the efficient extraction of G. lucidum with water retaining bioactive compounds and biological activity was found to be below 100°C.

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2017

Curcumin, an important phytoconstituent obtained from Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is used traditi... more Curcumin, an important phytoconstituent obtained from Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is used traditionally in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases like arthritis, stroke and bowel diseases, etc. Despite its many health benefits, instability of curcumin in plasma is a major issue. The retention of curcumin in plasma must be properly evaluated in order to establish its stability in biological systems. The current study presents an HPTLC method undertaken for detection of curcumin and determination of its stability in plasma and different tissues of rats. The plasma and tissue samples were appropriately processed to render them suitable for HPTLC analysis. The method employed HPTLC glass plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 as the stationary phase. The mobile phase developed consisted of chloroform, methanol and glacial acetic acid which successfully gave distinct bands for curcumin with a Rf value of 0.95. This newly developed HPTLC method was found to be reproducible and ac...

Rhodiola sp.: The Herbal Remedy for High-Altitude Problems

Various species belonging to the genus Rhodiola (family Crassulaceae) are distributed throughout ... more Various species belonging to the genus Rhodiola (family Crassulaceae) are distributed throughout Asia, Europe, and North America. Rhodiola rhizomes, also called golden roots, have been used traditionally in China, Tibet, Mongolia, and the former Soviet Republics for their medicinal properties. The therapeutic effects demonstrated by Rhodiola are attributed to its biologically active substances: rosavin, rosarin, rosin, salidroside, and tyrosol. These phytoconstituents exhibit protective effects against physical and mental stresses. Rhodiola roots have been described extensively for being adaptogenic, antiproliferative, antifatigue, antihypoxic, cytoprotective, and oxygen scavenging. Some data confirm that the species, Rhodiola rosea L. preparations stop the growth of the malignant tumors and metastasis in the liver. This chapter reviews the active principles in Rhodiola sp. and gives an insight into its roles in ameliorating various health ailments.

Instruments Research & Development Establishment (IRDE), DRDO, Dehradun-248 008, Uttarakhand, Ind... more Instruments Research & Development Establishment (IRDE), DRDO, Dehradun-248 008, Uttarakhand, India E-mail: lrchauhan@irde.drdo.in Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi-110 054, India Manuscript received 24 November 2017, revised 26 April 2018, accepted 28 April 2018 This work is an extension of our earlier development work. A chemical bath developed for optical coating on a particular kind of stainless steel, is utilized for the blackening of selected steel used for the fabrication of specific mechanical components for the vision instruments. In this study, first operating parameters of the formulated bath is evaluated and then the process is optimized for desired black oxide coating on the surface of this specified steel. Characterization of coating for optical and mechanical properties (hardness and roughness), surface micro-structure and environmental effect is carried out by using spectroscopy, indentation hardness test, optical profilometer, SE...

Phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity activity of crude extracts from Pleurostylia capensis (Celastracea)

Biochemistry & pharmacology, Dec 4, 2013

Studies on of shoot growth characters of some genotypes of ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.)

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018

Changes during development in fruits of Karonda (Carissa carandas L.)

International Journal of Basic and Applied Agricultural Research, 2014

Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 1998

This paper presents the adsorption isotherm studies on coconut based activated carbon (AC) of dif... more This paper presents the adsorption isotherm studies on coconut based activated carbon (AC) of different grades (650-1300 m2/g) to asses its efficiency for the removal of trinitrotoluene (TNT) from aqueous solutions. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isothenns are plotted and equilibrium constant and maximum adsorption capacity for each carbon is computed from the isotherm data. A linear relationship has been obtained between amount adsorbed and the surface area of carbons.The effect of varying amounts of carbon oxygen complexes on carbon surface modified by oxidation and degassing treatments, on the adsorption of TNT has also been studied. The results indicate that the increasing amount of chemisorbed oxygen on carbon has favourably influenced the adsorption behaviour of TNT. Various nitrobodies are found in the waste waters of explosive manufacturing and ammunition filling facilities.These nitro compounds are toxic in nature and must be brought down to permissible levels before th...

3 Biotech, 2021

Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) is a fungus closely related to medicinal mushroom, which belongs ... more Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) is a fungus closely related to medicinal mushroom, which belongs to the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. It is a well-known and rich herbal source of bioactive active constituents. The medicinal mushroom has garnered worldwide attention owing to its multifarious bioactivities. This mushroom grows on the larva of ghost moths (Hepialidae) and produces fruiting bodies, which serve as a vital natural source of medicine and supplementary diets. On account of the diverse pharmacological and bioactive constituents present in O. sinensis, it has been established as a potential antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory agent that has been successfully used for treating several health issues, including hypoxia-related problems encountered by mountaineers, pilgrims, tourists and soldiers occurring at highaltitude regions such as acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), frostbite, chilblains, hypothermia, etc. The most important pharmacologically active compounds present in the O. sinensis include nucleobases and its derivatives (adenosine, cordycepin, 3-deoxyadenosine, AMP, GMP, UMP, guanosine, uridine), polysaccharides (mannose, glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, galactose), proteins, peptides and steroids. This article focuses on the various research endeavors undertaken to scientifically establish the medicinal properties of O. sinensis, highlighting the various principally active compounds, their pharmacological action, drug designing and development and future perspective for various health benefits.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Allium roseum L. “Lazoul,” A Wild Edible Endemic Species in North Africa

International Journal of Food Properties, 2011

ABSTRACT

MOJ Immunology, 2017

Wheatgrass, Triticum aestivum is well known for its high nutritional values. However the immunomo... more Wheatgrass, Triticum aestivum is well known for its high nutritional values. However the immunomodulatory activity of the same is unexplored. Therefore, the present study was planned to elucidate the immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extract of wheatgrass. For immunomodulatory activity analysis, THP1 cells were treated with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and aqueous and hydroethanolic wheatgrass extract (50µg/mL and 100µg/ mL, respectively) for 24 h. After 24 h, supernatants were harvested and cytokine assays were performed. NO production in terms of amount of nitrite content was also estimated in treated and untreated murine peritoneal macrophages using Griess reagent. Further, a dose dependent in-vitro comparative study concluded that both the extracts possess immunostimulatory activity. However comparison between both established that aqueous extract of wheatgrass having more immunostimulatory activity at the dose of 100μg/ml as extract significantly upregulated LPS induced release of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in THP1 cells. The extract also significantly induced nitrite release in macrophage cells without causing any toxic effects. The findings suggest the non-specific immunostimulatory activity of wheatgrass; hence it could be used in enhancing immune responses and disease resistance.

Bioactive Fractions from the Chinese Caterpillar Mushroom, Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycetes), Elucidate Adaptogenic Role against Hypoxia Stress

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 2020

Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a high-altitude medicinal mushroom, is widely revered in traditional med... more Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a high-altitude medicinal mushroom, is widely revered in traditional medicine for its antiproliferative, antihypercholesterolemic, energy enhancement, etc. properties. These properties are attributed to the presence of steroids, terpenoids, polyphenolics, glycosides, and glycoproteins in it. The current study presents characterization of three phenolic rich fractions (PRFs) separated from aqueous extract of O. sinensis using diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. These fractions possessed considerable antioxidant potential in terms of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, ferric ion reducing power, and free radical scavenging efficiency. Chemical characterization of the PRFs was carried out using HPTLC and GC-MS. The diethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions elucidated appreciable antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi. The aqueous extract and residual phenolic fraction displayed protective effect on HEK 293 cell lines against hypoxia stress and also bestowed appreciative adaptogenic role against cold, hypoxia, and restraint stress in vivo, by decreasing levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase and incrementing reduced glutathione concentrations.

The present study provides an extensive qualitative phytochemical analysis, proximate composition... more The present study provides an extensive qualitative phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and proteome study on Indian isolate of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum). Regardless of reported health benefits and economic importance, there is relatively little information available about its qualitative phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and proteome study especially of Indian isolates of G. lucidum. Therefore, a thorough qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried on powdered whole body of G. lucidum fruiting body (GLF Wb), G. lucidum mycelium (GLM Wb) and their aqueous extracts (GLF Aq and GLM Aq), respectively. These were prepared by accelerated solvent extraction technique (ASE) which showed the presence of several bioactive components such as alkaloids, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, gums, mucilages and saponins. We estimated chemical composition of the medicinal mushroom GLF Wb and GLM Wb in terms of its carbohydrate...

Development of eco-friendly chemical conversion coating for aluminium substrate

Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 2022

Cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis) is well established as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that... more Cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis) is well established as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been valued as a health food for centuries. It is an entomopathogenic fungus in Ascomycetes that naturally occurs at high altitude in Himalayan region and has received considerable attention due to the abundance of various biologically active compounds. Despite having reported health benefits and economic importance, qualitative phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and proteome study of Indian isolates of C. sinensis grown at high altitude remains untapped. In the present study, qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried on powdered whole body of C. sinensis (CS Wb) and its aqueous extract (CS Aq) prepared by accelerated solvent extraction technique which indicated the presence of several bioactive constituents such as alkaloids, amino acids and proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids and phenols, gums, mucilages and saponins. We evaluated chemical composition of the Indian...