Leslie Webster - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Leslie Webster
A Cultural History of Color in the Medieval Age, 2021
Silicon nitride ceramics have attracted increasing attention as insulated heat-dissipating substr... more Silicon nitride ceramics have attracted increasing attention as insulated heat-dissipating substrates for power modules due to their high thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. However, there are very few reports on their dielectric breakdown strength, which was only evaluated for the substrates with thicknesses between 250 and 640¯m, though thinner substrates are preferable for attaining better performance of the module. In this work, dielectric breakdown of sintered silicon nitride substrates with thicknesses ranging from 285 to 15¯m was evaluated for the first time. Average breakdown strength increased from 36.38 to 103.80 kV/mm with decreasing thickness from 285 to 15¯m. It should be noted that the silicon nitride specimen had very high dielectric breakdown voltage of 1.5 kV even with a thickness as small as 15¯m.
Transformation in Anglo-Saxon Culture, 2017
Archaeologia Polona, 1984
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1967
The monovalent cation requirement for a highly purified acetyl coenzyme A synthetase derived from... more The monovalent cation requirement for a highly purified acetyl coenzyme A synthetase derived from bovine heart mitochondria was investigated. When removal of stimulatory cations from the reaction components was accomplished, no catalytic activity was detected. Adding chloride salts of rubidium, ammonium, potassium, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, sodium, or lithium to a final concentration of 5 to 10 mM stimulated the overall reaction maximally. Stimulating monovalent cations acted catalytically and all of their apparent Km values fell into a range of 1 to 3 111~. Activating monovalent cations could be separated into two groups on the basis of their kinetic behavior in the overall reaction. Cations in the first group (Rbf, NH*+, Kf) gave optimal rates of acetyl coenzyme A formation at concentrations of 10 to 200 mM, showed atypical kinetics at elevated concentrations of acetate (10 to 40 m&r), but failed to show altered K, values in the presence of increasing magnesium ion concentrations (3 to 27 mM). In contrast, cations in the second group (Na+ and Lif) inhibited the reaction at concentrations greater than 10 mM, had this inhibition partially reversed by monovalent cations in the first group, did not have their kinetics effected by acetate, but did show decreasing Km values as the magnesium ion concentration was increased from 3 to 27 mM. Two different activating cations, each at a concentration of 60% of its apparent K,, produced an appreciably greater reaction rate than a single cation at twice this concentration. Yet the maximal velocity obtainable with a single species was not exceeded by various combinations of activating alkali metal ions. Activating monovalent cations were also shown to be necessary for formation of enzyme-bound acetyladenylate, either from acetate and adenosine triphosphate or from acetyl coenzyme A and adenosine monophosphate. Substrate quantities of enzyme were used to demonstrate this product of both partial reactions under equilibrium conditions. Optimal yields of acetyladenylate were obtained with 5 mM rubidium or sodium chloride. Sodium chloride at 10 mM decreased this yield, whereas rubidium ions did not.
The Antiquaries Journal, 2020
The object described and discussed in this paper is a recently found Anglo-Saxon strap-end. Altho... more The object described and discussed in this paper is a recently found Anglo-Saxon strap-end. Although incomplete, the strap-end is of interest in view of its rarity in being made of silver, of its decoration and of it containing an inscribed text. One part of the decoration is a depiction of the agnus dei. In the discussion, the decoration on the strap-end, and its significance, is set in the context of other instances of the agnus dei, both on artefacts and in manuscripts, from late Anglo-Saxon England.
Medieval Archaeology, 1967
Subsequent references may mostly be traced back to this, apart from some additional information c... more Subsequent references may mostly be traced back to this, apart from some additional information concerning individual objects. According to this account we learn that: , ... Six feet below an artificial surface of a kind of clay, of about 20 yards diameter, were found in a kistvaen or grave a copper urn containing some human bones (burnt) portions of which have been identified as parts of the cheekbone or orbit and lower jaw. Beside this were found two swords, an iron spear-head, glass and amber beads, and part of a pendant set with garnet or coloured glass.' It is further stated that the swords were wrapped in cloth, and that: , ... a veil of cloth appears to have been placed over the urn, portions of which are still adhering to its edges ... in the exact position it was placed by the affectionate hand of the mourning relative.' * Many books and articles are cited in the footnotes by author's name and date of publication, or by other abbreviations; for the explanation of these see the Bibliography, p. 40.
Medieval Archaeology, 1978
The compilers of this summary wish to thank all those who have kindly helped them by giving infor... more The compilers of this summary wish to thank all those who have kindly helped them by giving information about excavations and small finds. They appeal to all who deal with excavations or antiquities of the period with which this journal is concerned to bring to their attention year by year any new finds in any part of the British Isles in order that the survey may be as complete as possible. Part I has been compiled by Leslie E. Webster and Part II by John Cherry. Entries are arranged according to the counties established under the local government reorganization of [974. Where these differfrom the previously existing counties the latter are included in brackets at each entry. 1. PRE-CONQUEST ENGLAND CUMBRIA (Cumberland): CARLISLE (NY 400558). In BlackJriars Street M. R. McCarthy for Carlisle City Council and D.o.E. excavated in advance of redevelopment parts of buildings incorporating massive stonework and erected in the late 4th or early 5th century. Traces of timber structures associated with decorated glass cut through Roman levels. Two sceattas were found. ESSEX: BARLING MAGNA (TL 037896). Limited excavation by D. G. Buckley for Essex County Council and D.o.E. before gravel working at Baldwin Farm revealed among linear features of uncertain date a Grubenhaus, 4 by 3 m. Its filling contained sherds of handmade pot, some with schlickung decoration, and a possible Frankish wheelthrown sherd. A 5th-century date is suggested (D. G. Buckley, 'The excavation of a Saxon "hut" and other features at Barling Magna', Essex Archaeol. and Hist., forthcoming).-: KELVEDON (TL 8645 I 890). During excavation on the Roman settlement M. R. Eddy for Essex County Council and D.o.E. found Anglo-Saxon sherds, some of which were firmly associated with features.-: ORSETT (TQ 65358135). Essex County Council Archaeological Section, excavating for D.o.E. within a late iron age and Romano-British enclosure, found three Grubenhiiuser of gable-post type. Grass-tempered pottery, sherds of at least two 6th-century stamped vessels and a 4th-century bronze coin were recovered from their fillings. Stray Saxon finds in the top filling of earlier ditches may indicate that they were still topographical features in the Saxon period. There is, however, no direct evidence for a Saxon enclosure nor for continuity of occupation.-: THURROCK, MUCKING (TQ 673803). Excavation by M. U. and W. J. Jones for D.o.E. was concluded (cf. Medieval Archaeol., XXI (1977), 206-7), with Saxon sunken huts and ground-level buildings still being found. Lack of evidence for a boundary to the Saxon settlement seems consistent with its sporadic nature. Forty-two more huts bring the final total to 208. The number of ground-level buildings, however, remains uncertain, because of the frequent absence of dating evidence for post-holes even where they outline complete rectangles. A pointer to an Anglo-Saxon date for such structures is their alignment with the approximately E. to W. long axes of the sunken huts; another indication is a width of c. 6 m. This final area of excavation, additionally, lies outside the Romano-British settlement. There are thus perhaps thirty Anglo-Saxon post-hole buildings on the site. Finds include a bronze pin and annular brooch, iron knives and a buckle, glass beads and one of amethyst. Pottery includes fragments with upright perforated lugs, swallows' nest lugs and handles, rusticated and stamped sherds, more fragments of 'woolcomb warmers' and a Frankish rouletted grey-ware sherd. This last came from a large and deep sunken hut which had post-holes for gables, posts at each corner and .midway in the long sides. GLOUCESTERSHIRE: GLOUCESTER, ST OSWALD'S PRIORY (SO 830190) (cf. Medieval Archaeol., XXI (1977), 208). The Saxon and later church development as established in 1975-6 (Antiq. ]nl., LVIII (1978), forthcoming; referred to below as Interim 4) is now amplified (FIG. I). Period I (c. 909; Interim 4, Periods I and 2). The church had a W. apse and a N. to S. porticus ; the N. porticus was originally reached by a small door. Part of a 9th-century decorated cross shaft in one of the porticus walls indicates a pre-existing cemetery of some importance. Period. 2. The small door to the N. porticus was replaced by a larger arch (Interim 4, Period 2), still visible in the ruin. A wall foundation E. of the N. porticus (Wall 47) may have been a buttress. A sand-filled feature at a slightly oblique angle to the church cannot yet be interpreted. A wall and arch (Walls 48,49
Medieval Archaeology, 1979
A Companion to Alfred the Great, 2015
The Codex Aureus in the Royal Library at Stockholm is a magnificently illuminated Gospel book mad... more The Codex Aureus in the Royal Library at Stockholm is a magnificently illuminated Gospel book made at Canterbury around the middle of the eighth century, famous not only for its splendid decoration and elegant script, but for the remarkable inscription which was added to the golden Chi-Rho page, sometime during the reign of King Alfred. It records the ransom paid 'in pure gold' by Alfred, and his wife Warburh, to redeem this and other holy books from the heathen army which had looted them and held them hostage. The inscription records that it was presented by the couple to the high altar of Christ Church, almost certainly Christ Church, Canterbury, and is thus fittingly entered on the page of St Matthew's Gospel that tells of Christ's incarnation. It also illustrates a striking paradox that lies at the heart of any discussion of the art of Alfred's reign. Keywords: Canterbury; Christ Church; Codex Aureus ; King Alfred; St Matthew's Gospel; Stockholm
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2011
Papers from the Institute of Archaeology, 2006
The Danish PhD School in Archaeology was set up in September 2002 with a threeyear grant, as one ... more The Danish PhD School in Archaeology was set up in September 2002 with a threeyear grant, as one of several new 'Research Schools' that are dependent on government funding. The purpose of the School was to strengthen PhD studies and education in archaeology by developing systematic courses, wider scopes of study, networking, internationalisation and by joining forces among the five Danish archaeological university departments (Classical, Medieval and Prehistoric archaeology at Aarhus University, and Near Oriental and Prehistoric and Classical archaeology at Copenhagen University) and the Danish National Museum. The School is run by a chairman and board with one member from each participating department and the National Museum.
Britannia, 1999
The hoard was found in a field north of both the present and the former line of the A27 approxima... more The hoard was found in a field north of both the present and the former line of the A27 approximately 0.5 km southwest of the village of Patching, West Sussex (FIG. 8). When the hoard was discovered the field was under rough pasture. The field slopes gently towards the south and east. Formerly a small stream, visible as a small indentation on the ground, must have drained to the southeast , and it was within this small depression that the hoard was found. The site is located on a thin band of Reading Beds (mottled Clay) lying south of a large area of Upper Chalk. An isolated outcrop of Clay with Flints and Tertiary Debris lies 1 km to the north. The site has restricted views to the north and west; the southeastern aspect provides the most extensive view across to the low hill on which sits the Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon site of Highdown Hill, but generally the site of deposition lies in a well-protected spot. The twenty-three gold coins recovered by the metal-detectorists were found in three stages. The first sweep produced five coins. Subsequently, using a mini-digger, the metal-detectorists recovered a further seventeen gold coins, twenty-five silver coins, two heavy gold rings, and a quantity of silver bullion.
The Antiquaries Journal, 1970
Webster write as follows: History The ring (fig. 1 and pi. xxi) was found on 8th August 1968 by M... more Webster write as follows: History The ring (fig. 1 and pi. xxi) was found on 8th August 1968 by Mr. Frank Smith, when digging a potato field on Mill Farm, Bodsham, near Ashford, Kent, National Grid Reference, T Q 10754565. When found the ring had been flattened, and Mr. Smith tapped it out on the handle of a file. 1 On 12th November 1968, an inquest held at Canterbury found that the ring was not treasure trove. It is now in the British Museum (reg. no. 1969, 6-6, 1). Description The ring is of a gold alloy containing both silver and copper and inlaid with niello. It consists of a broad flat band with heavy beading on the outer edges; between these borders the ring is divided by beaded ribs into eight compartments. Split up amongst these compartments, and set against a background of niello, is an inscription in Anglo-Saxon capitals. The inside of the ring is plain. Analysis of the niello indicates that its major constituent is acanthite (silver sulphide) and that the inlay was probably applied by the technique of heating and pressing into the cavities. This is typical of Anglo-Saxon and other early niello inlays as distinct from the stromeyerite/galena mixtures in use from the eleventh century onwards, which were applied by the fusing technique. 2 Weight: 7-09 grammes Diameter: 2-2 cm. pgpepow Fic. 1 (scale: \) 1 We are most grateful to Mr. and Mrs. Frank Werner and Mr. H. Barker of the British Museum Smith for supplying details of the finding of the ring. Research Laboratory for undertaking the scientific 2 A. A. Moss, 'Niello', Studies in Conservation, analysis of the metal and inlay. (1953), 49-62. We are very grateful to Dr. A.
Speculum, 1993
English text of this romance derived from volume 2 of The Pearl Poems: An Omnibus Edition (1984),... more English text of this romance derived from volume 2 of The Pearl Poems: An Omnibus Edition (1984), Vantuono's new translation is designed both to echo the poet's alliterative patterns and rhyme schemes and to evoke "the essential meaning and mood of Gawain" (p. xxv). Glossarial notes-ranging from one or more words to several lines-are also provided at the bottom of each page of the text-translation in order to illuminate the literal meaning of the Middle English diction "wherever changes that are not easily recognizable have occurred" (p. xxv). Through this combination of poetic rendition of the text and of explication of the original words' denotations, readers are thus invited to scrutinize "the translator's procedure of transforming the original into Modern English verse" (p. xxv). In general, Vantuono's methodology is highly successful, for the pulsating beat and the exuberant spirit of Gawain are recreated in his translation. Apart from these features, the true core of his book, the editor supplies a short introduction with notes (pp. ix-xxiv); a commentary (pp. 147-226); a number of appendices, including an exploration of Gawain's verse patterns, dialect, and vocabulary (pp. 229-38); and a set of bibliographies (pp. 243-82). Since limitations of space preclude a detailed examination of such matters, the remainder of this review will be devoted to Vantuono's introduction, critical notes, and bibliographical citations. The introduction, a carefully composed review of Gawain criticism, provides an overview of the Cotton Nero manuscript, including its dialect, dating, illustrations, and authorship. Following his discussion of the manuscript, the editor examines the tripartite structure of Gawain as well as the theme and purpose of this romance. Justly emphasizing the multivalent nature of Gawain, Vantuono thus unravels the complex tangles of recent Gawain scholarship, particularly critical readings dependent on game theory, on mythic and psychological elements, and on religious parallels. Vantuono's evaluation concludes with an appraisal of the ambiguous characters peopling this elusive romance. The extensive commentary section, however, fortifies the critical arguments outlined in the introduction. Seeking to spotlight "thematic concepts and problems of interpretation" (p. 145), Vantuono rightly probes the symbols, images, themes, and symmetrical patterns of Gawain as well as the poem's diction (legal, commercial, and comedic), sources, and characters. While the commentary provides rich and detailed explications, a thorough exploration of closure in the poem and of recent feminist, sociohistorical (Marxist), and "semiotic" readings would be helpful. The bibliography of Vantuono's book graphically illustrates the impossible task of keeping abreast with Gawain criticism, for in the 1978-85 period alone over three hundred scholarly works were devoted partially or completely to this poem. While Vantuono's exemplary effort includes "the major portion of Gawain scholarship through 1987" (p. vii)-approximately five hundred items-some key critical articles and books are missing, notably
A Cultural History of Color in the Medieval Age, 2021
Silicon nitride ceramics have attracted increasing attention as insulated heat-dissipating substr... more Silicon nitride ceramics have attracted increasing attention as insulated heat-dissipating substrates for power modules due to their high thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. However, there are very few reports on their dielectric breakdown strength, which was only evaluated for the substrates with thicknesses between 250 and 640¯m, though thinner substrates are preferable for attaining better performance of the module. In this work, dielectric breakdown of sintered silicon nitride substrates with thicknesses ranging from 285 to 15¯m was evaluated for the first time. Average breakdown strength increased from 36.38 to 103.80 kV/mm with decreasing thickness from 285 to 15¯m. It should be noted that the silicon nitride specimen had very high dielectric breakdown voltage of 1.5 kV even with a thickness as small as 15¯m.
Transformation in Anglo-Saxon Culture, 2017
Archaeologia Polona, 1984
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1967
The monovalent cation requirement for a highly purified acetyl coenzyme A synthetase derived from... more The monovalent cation requirement for a highly purified acetyl coenzyme A synthetase derived from bovine heart mitochondria was investigated. When removal of stimulatory cations from the reaction components was accomplished, no catalytic activity was detected. Adding chloride salts of rubidium, ammonium, potassium, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, sodium, or lithium to a final concentration of 5 to 10 mM stimulated the overall reaction maximally. Stimulating monovalent cations acted catalytically and all of their apparent Km values fell into a range of 1 to 3 111~. Activating monovalent cations could be separated into two groups on the basis of their kinetic behavior in the overall reaction. Cations in the first group (Rbf, NH*+, Kf) gave optimal rates of acetyl coenzyme A formation at concentrations of 10 to 200 mM, showed atypical kinetics at elevated concentrations of acetate (10 to 40 m&r), but failed to show altered K, values in the presence of increasing magnesium ion concentrations (3 to 27 mM). In contrast, cations in the second group (Na+ and Lif) inhibited the reaction at concentrations greater than 10 mM, had this inhibition partially reversed by monovalent cations in the first group, did not have their kinetics effected by acetate, but did show decreasing Km values as the magnesium ion concentration was increased from 3 to 27 mM. Two different activating cations, each at a concentration of 60% of its apparent K,, produced an appreciably greater reaction rate than a single cation at twice this concentration. Yet the maximal velocity obtainable with a single species was not exceeded by various combinations of activating alkali metal ions. Activating monovalent cations were also shown to be necessary for formation of enzyme-bound acetyladenylate, either from acetate and adenosine triphosphate or from acetyl coenzyme A and adenosine monophosphate. Substrate quantities of enzyme were used to demonstrate this product of both partial reactions under equilibrium conditions. Optimal yields of acetyladenylate were obtained with 5 mM rubidium or sodium chloride. Sodium chloride at 10 mM decreased this yield, whereas rubidium ions did not.
The Antiquaries Journal, 2020
The object described and discussed in this paper is a recently found Anglo-Saxon strap-end. Altho... more The object described and discussed in this paper is a recently found Anglo-Saxon strap-end. Although incomplete, the strap-end is of interest in view of its rarity in being made of silver, of its decoration and of it containing an inscribed text. One part of the decoration is a depiction of the agnus dei. In the discussion, the decoration on the strap-end, and its significance, is set in the context of other instances of the agnus dei, both on artefacts and in manuscripts, from late Anglo-Saxon England.
Medieval Archaeology, 1967
Subsequent references may mostly be traced back to this, apart from some additional information c... more Subsequent references may mostly be traced back to this, apart from some additional information concerning individual objects. According to this account we learn that: , ... Six feet below an artificial surface of a kind of clay, of about 20 yards diameter, were found in a kistvaen or grave a copper urn containing some human bones (burnt) portions of which have been identified as parts of the cheekbone or orbit and lower jaw. Beside this were found two swords, an iron spear-head, glass and amber beads, and part of a pendant set with garnet or coloured glass.' It is further stated that the swords were wrapped in cloth, and that: , ... a veil of cloth appears to have been placed over the urn, portions of which are still adhering to its edges ... in the exact position it was placed by the affectionate hand of the mourning relative.' * Many books and articles are cited in the footnotes by author's name and date of publication, or by other abbreviations; for the explanation of these see the Bibliography, p. 40.
Medieval Archaeology, 1978
The compilers of this summary wish to thank all those who have kindly helped them by giving infor... more The compilers of this summary wish to thank all those who have kindly helped them by giving information about excavations and small finds. They appeal to all who deal with excavations or antiquities of the period with which this journal is concerned to bring to their attention year by year any new finds in any part of the British Isles in order that the survey may be as complete as possible. Part I has been compiled by Leslie E. Webster and Part II by John Cherry. Entries are arranged according to the counties established under the local government reorganization of [974. Where these differfrom the previously existing counties the latter are included in brackets at each entry. 1. PRE-CONQUEST ENGLAND CUMBRIA (Cumberland): CARLISLE (NY 400558). In BlackJriars Street M. R. McCarthy for Carlisle City Council and D.o.E. excavated in advance of redevelopment parts of buildings incorporating massive stonework and erected in the late 4th or early 5th century. Traces of timber structures associated with decorated glass cut through Roman levels. Two sceattas were found. ESSEX: BARLING MAGNA (TL 037896). Limited excavation by D. G. Buckley for Essex County Council and D.o.E. before gravel working at Baldwin Farm revealed among linear features of uncertain date a Grubenhaus, 4 by 3 m. Its filling contained sherds of handmade pot, some with schlickung decoration, and a possible Frankish wheelthrown sherd. A 5th-century date is suggested (D. G. Buckley, 'The excavation of a Saxon "hut" and other features at Barling Magna', Essex Archaeol. and Hist., forthcoming).-: KELVEDON (TL 8645 I 890). During excavation on the Roman settlement M. R. Eddy for Essex County Council and D.o.E. found Anglo-Saxon sherds, some of which were firmly associated with features.-: ORSETT (TQ 65358135). Essex County Council Archaeological Section, excavating for D.o.E. within a late iron age and Romano-British enclosure, found three Grubenhiiuser of gable-post type. Grass-tempered pottery, sherds of at least two 6th-century stamped vessels and a 4th-century bronze coin were recovered from their fillings. Stray Saxon finds in the top filling of earlier ditches may indicate that they were still topographical features in the Saxon period. There is, however, no direct evidence for a Saxon enclosure nor for continuity of occupation.-: THURROCK, MUCKING (TQ 673803). Excavation by M. U. and W. J. Jones for D.o.E. was concluded (cf. Medieval Archaeol., XXI (1977), 206-7), with Saxon sunken huts and ground-level buildings still being found. Lack of evidence for a boundary to the Saxon settlement seems consistent with its sporadic nature. Forty-two more huts bring the final total to 208. The number of ground-level buildings, however, remains uncertain, because of the frequent absence of dating evidence for post-holes even where they outline complete rectangles. A pointer to an Anglo-Saxon date for such structures is their alignment with the approximately E. to W. long axes of the sunken huts; another indication is a width of c. 6 m. This final area of excavation, additionally, lies outside the Romano-British settlement. There are thus perhaps thirty Anglo-Saxon post-hole buildings on the site. Finds include a bronze pin and annular brooch, iron knives and a buckle, glass beads and one of amethyst. Pottery includes fragments with upright perforated lugs, swallows' nest lugs and handles, rusticated and stamped sherds, more fragments of 'woolcomb warmers' and a Frankish rouletted grey-ware sherd. This last came from a large and deep sunken hut which had post-holes for gables, posts at each corner and .midway in the long sides. GLOUCESTERSHIRE: GLOUCESTER, ST OSWALD'S PRIORY (SO 830190) (cf. Medieval Archaeol., XXI (1977), 208). The Saxon and later church development as established in 1975-6 (Antiq. ]nl., LVIII (1978), forthcoming; referred to below as Interim 4) is now amplified (FIG. I). Period I (c. 909; Interim 4, Periods I and 2). The church had a W. apse and a N. to S. porticus ; the N. porticus was originally reached by a small door. Part of a 9th-century decorated cross shaft in one of the porticus walls indicates a pre-existing cemetery of some importance. Period. 2. The small door to the N. porticus was replaced by a larger arch (Interim 4, Period 2), still visible in the ruin. A wall foundation E. of the N. porticus (Wall 47) may have been a buttress. A sand-filled feature at a slightly oblique angle to the church cannot yet be interpreted. A wall and arch (Walls 48,49
Medieval Archaeology, 1979
A Companion to Alfred the Great, 2015
The Codex Aureus in the Royal Library at Stockholm is a magnificently illuminated Gospel book mad... more The Codex Aureus in the Royal Library at Stockholm is a magnificently illuminated Gospel book made at Canterbury around the middle of the eighth century, famous not only for its splendid decoration and elegant script, but for the remarkable inscription which was added to the golden Chi-Rho page, sometime during the reign of King Alfred. It records the ransom paid 'in pure gold' by Alfred, and his wife Warburh, to redeem this and other holy books from the heathen army which had looted them and held them hostage. The inscription records that it was presented by the couple to the high altar of Christ Church, almost certainly Christ Church, Canterbury, and is thus fittingly entered on the page of St Matthew's Gospel that tells of Christ's incarnation. It also illustrates a striking paradox that lies at the heart of any discussion of the art of Alfred's reign. Keywords: Canterbury; Christ Church; Codex Aureus ; King Alfred; St Matthew's Gospel; Stockholm
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2011
Papers from the Institute of Archaeology, 2006
The Danish PhD School in Archaeology was set up in September 2002 with a threeyear grant, as one ... more The Danish PhD School in Archaeology was set up in September 2002 with a threeyear grant, as one of several new 'Research Schools' that are dependent on government funding. The purpose of the School was to strengthen PhD studies and education in archaeology by developing systematic courses, wider scopes of study, networking, internationalisation and by joining forces among the five Danish archaeological university departments (Classical, Medieval and Prehistoric archaeology at Aarhus University, and Near Oriental and Prehistoric and Classical archaeology at Copenhagen University) and the Danish National Museum. The School is run by a chairman and board with one member from each participating department and the National Museum.
Britannia, 1999
The hoard was found in a field north of both the present and the former line of the A27 approxima... more The hoard was found in a field north of both the present and the former line of the A27 approximately 0.5 km southwest of the village of Patching, West Sussex (FIG. 8). When the hoard was discovered the field was under rough pasture. The field slopes gently towards the south and east. Formerly a small stream, visible as a small indentation on the ground, must have drained to the southeast , and it was within this small depression that the hoard was found. The site is located on a thin band of Reading Beds (mottled Clay) lying south of a large area of Upper Chalk. An isolated outcrop of Clay with Flints and Tertiary Debris lies 1 km to the north. The site has restricted views to the north and west; the southeastern aspect provides the most extensive view across to the low hill on which sits the Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon site of Highdown Hill, but generally the site of deposition lies in a well-protected spot. The twenty-three gold coins recovered by the metal-detectorists were found in three stages. The first sweep produced five coins. Subsequently, using a mini-digger, the metal-detectorists recovered a further seventeen gold coins, twenty-five silver coins, two heavy gold rings, and a quantity of silver bullion.
The Antiquaries Journal, 1970
Webster write as follows: History The ring (fig. 1 and pi. xxi) was found on 8th August 1968 by M... more Webster write as follows: History The ring (fig. 1 and pi. xxi) was found on 8th August 1968 by Mr. Frank Smith, when digging a potato field on Mill Farm, Bodsham, near Ashford, Kent, National Grid Reference, T Q 10754565. When found the ring had been flattened, and Mr. Smith tapped it out on the handle of a file. 1 On 12th November 1968, an inquest held at Canterbury found that the ring was not treasure trove. It is now in the British Museum (reg. no. 1969, 6-6, 1). Description The ring is of a gold alloy containing both silver and copper and inlaid with niello. It consists of a broad flat band with heavy beading on the outer edges; between these borders the ring is divided by beaded ribs into eight compartments. Split up amongst these compartments, and set against a background of niello, is an inscription in Anglo-Saxon capitals. The inside of the ring is plain. Analysis of the niello indicates that its major constituent is acanthite (silver sulphide) and that the inlay was probably applied by the technique of heating and pressing into the cavities. This is typical of Anglo-Saxon and other early niello inlays as distinct from the stromeyerite/galena mixtures in use from the eleventh century onwards, which were applied by the fusing technique. 2 Weight: 7-09 grammes Diameter: 2-2 cm. pgpepow Fic. 1 (scale: \) 1 We are most grateful to Mr. and Mrs. Frank Werner and Mr. H. Barker of the British Museum Smith for supplying details of the finding of the ring. Research Laboratory for undertaking the scientific 2 A. A. Moss, 'Niello', Studies in Conservation, analysis of the metal and inlay. (1953), 49-62. We are very grateful to Dr. A.
Speculum, 1993
English text of this romance derived from volume 2 of The Pearl Poems: An Omnibus Edition (1984),... more English text of this romance derived from volume 2 of The Pearl Poems: An Omnibus Edition (1984), Vantuono's new translation is designed both to echo the poet's alliterative patterns and rhyme schemes and to evoke "the essential meaning and mood of Gawain" (p. xxv). Glossarial notes-ranging from one or more words to several lines-are also provided at the bottom of each page of the text-translation in order to illuminate the literal meaning of the Middle English diction "wherever changes that are not easily recognizable have occurred" (p. xxv). Through this combination of poetic rendition of the text and of explication of the original words' denotations, readers are thus invited to scrutinize "the translator's procedure of transforming the original into Modern English verse" (p. xxv). In general, Vantuono's methodology is highly successful, for the pulsating beat and the exuberant spirit of Gawain are recreated in his translation. Apart from these features, the true core of his book, the editor supplies a short introduction with notes (pp. ix-xxiv); a commentary (pp. 147-226); a number of appendices, including an exploration of Gawain's verse patterns, dialect, and vocabulary (pp. 229-38); and a set of bibliographies (pp. 243-82). Since limitations of space preclude a detailed examination of such matters, the remainder of this review will be devoted to Vantuono's introduction, critical notes, and bibliographical citations. The introduction, a carefully composed review of Gawain criticism, provides an overview of the Cotton Nero manuscript, including its dialect, dating, illustrations, and authorship. Following his discussion of the manuscript, the editor examines the tripartite structure of Gawain as well as the theme and purpose of this romance. Justly emphasizing the multivalent nature of Gawain, Vantuono thus unravels the complex tangles of recent Gawain scholarship, particularly critical readings dependent on game theory, on mythic and psychological elements, and on religious parallels. Vantuono's evaluation concludes with an appraisal of the ambiguous characters peopling this elusive romance. The extensive commentary section, however, fortifies the critical arguments outlined in the introduction. Seeking to spotlight "thematic concepts and problems of interpretation" (p. 145), Vantuono rightly probes the symbols, images, themes, and symmetrical patterns of Gawain as well as the poem's diction (legal, commercial, and comedic), sources, and characters. While the commentary provides rich and detailed explications, a thorough exploration of closure in the poem and of recent feminist, sociohistorical (Marxist), and "semiotic" readings would be helpful. The bibliography of Vantuono's book graphically illustrates the impossible task of keeping abreast with Gawain criticism, for in the 1978-85 period alone over three hundred scholarly works were devoted partially or completely to this poem. While Vantuono's exemplary effort includes "the major portion of Gawain scholarship through 1987" (p. vii)-approximately five hundred items-some key critical articles and books are missing, notably