Li-Yueh Lee - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Li-Yueh Lee

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Management (ICEBM 2020)

Research related to the predictors of expatriate's adjustment and performance has been conducted ... more Research related to the predictors of expatriate's adjustment and performance has been conducted extensively, nevertheless, expatriation remains a challenging job. Previous studies illustrated that approximately from 30% to 50% of expatriates are ineffective, or in other word, they are marginally effective. Among others, the issue of social capital, work-role demand, and work-family conflict are three of the most critical factors for the adjustment and performance of expatriation. This study also adopts the Takeuchi's stakeholder approach to identify the moderating role of work-role demand and work-family conflict that moderate the influence of social capital on cross-cultural adjustment. With a questionnaire survey approach, the data was obtained from 244 expatriates among Taiwanese multinational enterprises. The results of this study showed that (1) expatriate's social capital has a significant effect on the expatriates' cross-cultural adjustment; (2) work-role demand and work-family conflict serves as two moderating variables that will inhibit the influence of expatriates' social capital on cross-cultural adjustment. The results of this study are very beneficial to human resource manager in selecting, recruiting, evaluating, and managing their expatriates in the overseas marketplaces. These findings could also be very useful for academicians to develop further about theoretical foundation in expatriate management.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the significance of person-organizational fit on innovation c... more Purpose: This study aims to examine the significance of person-organizational fit on innovation climate through a mechanism of the cross-level mediation effects of emotional intelligence and psychological climate. The moderating effect of leader openness on the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological safety is also examined in this study. Design/methodology/approach: First, a random sampling technique was adopted to select 158 high-tech firms in Taiwan. Second, a purposive sampling technique was also adopted to select 1:4 dyadic managers and employees relationships in the Research & Development (R&D) department of each selected sample firms. The valid of respondents is tested on 252 subordinates and 67 managers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS 21 and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM 7) were used to test six research hypotheses. Findings: At cross-level of analysis, the results of a hierarchical regression analysis indicated that person-organizationa...

Research related to the predictors of expatriate’s adjustment and performance has been conducted ... more Research related to the predictors of expatriate’s adjustment and performance has been conducted extensively, nevertheless, expatriation remains a challenging job. Previous studies illustrated that approximately from 30% to 50% of expatriates are ineffective, or in other word, they are marginally effective. Among others, the issue of social capital, work-role demand, and work-family conflict are three of the most critical factors for the adjustment and performance of expatriation. This study also adopts the Takeuchi’s stakeholder approach to identify the moderating role of work-role demand and work-family conflict that moderate the influence of social capital on cross-cultural adjustment. With a questionnaire survey approach, the data was obtained from 244 expatriates among Taiwanese multinational enterprises. The results of this study showed that (1) expatriate’s social capital has a significant effect on the expatriates’ cross-cultural adjustment; (2) work-role demand and work–fam...

To gain insight in the area of cultural adjustment, this study analyzes Taiwanese co-worker suppo... more To gain insight in the area of cultural adjustment, this study analyzes Taiwanese co-worker support, expatriate co-worker support, social capital, and cultural adjustment for expatriate English teachers in Taiwan. The results show that Taiwanese co-worker support has a significant relationship with interaction adjustment. The other independent variables had less significant relationships with cultural adjustment. Control variables 'length of time spent in Taiwan' and 'Chinese language ability' had significant influences on general adjustment and interaction adjustment respectively. Research background The globalization of the business world has not only increased the number of expatriate managers around the globe, but has also resulted in an increasing struggle companies are having with challenges such as control, coordination, and knowledge transfer across units (Holopainen & Bjorkman, 2005). According to Black and Gregerson (1991) " American firms have not bee...

Purpose—This study aims to examine the significance of cultural intelligence and cultural adjustm... more Purpose—This study aims to examine the significance of cultural intelligence and cultural adjustment on expatriates’ creative engagement. This study also extends relevant literature on expatriate management to examine the relationship between cultural intelligence, cultural adjustment, and expatriates’ creative engagement through a mechanism taking into account the moderating roles of psychological climate. Design/methodology/approach—The sample was collected from 328 Taiwanese expatriates working in Taiwanese MNC subsidiaries operating in China (Shanghai). Structural equation modeling in AMOS 21 and hierarchical regression (SPSS 19) were used to test six research hypotheses. Findings—The SEM results indicate that cultural intelligence and cultural adjustment make significant contributions to expatriates’ creative engagement. The results of a hierarchical regression analysis also confirm the moderating effects of the psychological climate. These findings suggest that cultural intell...

This study conducted a qualitative research based on grounded theory to develop an integrated mod... more This study conducted a qualitative research based on grounded theory to develop an integrated model aims to: 1) explore the relationship between service failure, recovery, post-recovery satisfaction, and parents’ behaviors; 2) discover the effects of service failure and service recovery on customer’s post-recovery behaviors; and 3) provide proprietors of English after-school tutorial institute (EASTI) with valuable information for enhancing service quality through service recovery. One EASTI in Taiwan was selected as the case study object, and a total of 64 failure events were identified and 99 recovery performances were collected by interviewing 10 parents of EASTI’s students and 10 employees. The analysis results indicate that service ailures from teacher’s teaching and student’s learning are indeed a big concern for respondents. The strengthening communication strategy is the most widely used in the EASTI, while it encountered service failure. Surprisingly, our findings indicated...

International Journal of Emerging Markets

PurposeAs the dynamic competition in the global marketplace becomes increasingly severe, multinat... more PurposeAs the dynamic competition in the global marketplace becomes increasingly severe, multinational firms have no choice but to improve their competitive advantages and enhance productivity through innovation, learning and leadership. One essential issue is the capability of expatriates to support knowledge sharing and transfer from organizations headquarter to their subsidiaries through expatriates; however, there are few studies on this issue. This study attempts to identify the antecedents, consequences and moderators of knowledge sharing.Design/methodology/approachUsing a questionnaire survey approach, data were obtained from 234 expatriates working for Taiwanese multinational enterprises. The hypotheses were tested by SmartPLS 3.0.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that opportunity and ability have a significant impact on expatriates' knowledge sharing. Trust, commitment and social capital also have significant influences on expatriates' collecting and donating o...

International Journal of Services and Standards

Based on a series of literature reviews, 27 research hypotheses were developed for further empiri... more Based on a series of literature reviews, 27 research hypotheses were developed for further empirical testing. Using 244 overseas expatriate respondents as the sample, the research results show that cross-cultural static competences have positive influence on cross-cultural dynamic competences and cross-cultural adjustment; work role demands have a negative influence on cross-cultural dynamic competences and cross-cultural adjustment; relational skills. Perceived host attitude toward expatriates has a positive influence on expatriate adjustment; cross-cultural dynamic competences have positive influence on cross-cultural adjustment; cross-cultural dynamic competences and adjustment have a positive influence on expatriate effectiveness; and innovative work behaviour and job satisfaction have a positive influence on expatriate performance. In terms of moderating effects, expatriate intelligence and cultural adaptability strengthen the influence of cross-cultural static competences and work role demands on cross-cultural dynamic competences and adjustment; also, perceived assignment value and organisational support strengthen the influence of cross-cultural dynamic competencies and adjustment on expatriate effectiveness.

The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business

International Journal of Organizational Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of expatriate’s social capital and kno... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of expatriate’s social capital and knowledge sharing on multinational companies’ (MNCs) financial performance, with a specific focus on the influence of trust, commitment, organizational support and the four elements of balanced scorecard (BSC). Design/methodology/approach A quantitative questionnaire survey was conducted using expatriates of MNCs in Taiwan as the respondents. Findings Trust and organizational support are significant predictors of knowledge sharing and social capital, which further facilitate their influence on learning and growth, customer satisfaction, internal process improvement and financial performance of MNCs. Besides, social capital serves as an accelerate agent to promote the influence of trust on knowledge sharing, and customer satisfaction serves as a catalyst on the influence of learning and growth and internal process on a firms’ financial performance. Practical implications This study provides ...

International Journal of Services and Standards

Knowledge sharing is very crucial but not an easy activity in knowledge management. Managers need... more Knowledge sharing is very crucial but not an easy activity in knowledge management. Managers need to have deep understanding about factors that influence knowledge sharing. Some of the most crucial antecedents come from source and recipient context as the actors in knowledge sharing. Therefore, study tries to explain the influence of source and recipient context including motivation, opportunity, absorptive capacity, cultural intelligence, and self-efficacy on knowledge sharing collecting and donating. By conducting data from 234 Taiwanese and foreign expatriates in Taiwan, this study developed some important conclusions. The findings of this study show that opportunity, absorptive capacity, cultural intelligence, and self-efficacy influence knowledge sharing. Since previous studies regarding source and recipient contexts that influence knowledge sharing are limited, this study enables to give an important insight for further academic validation and will be useful for managers and academicians to improve effectiveness of knowledge sharing during the expatriation process.

International Journal of Services and Standards, 2016

There are numerous studies on the determinants of expatriate success, such as expatriate adjustme... more There are numerous studies on the determinants of expatriate success, such as expatriate adjustment, stress and performance. However, a comprehensive research model is yet to be developed. This study integrates three perspectives - expatriate-related, family-related and social capital perspectives - as the determinants of expatriate stress, adjustment and performance. By using a meta-analysis of 341 studies conducted during the period 1988-2012, this work tested 10 research hypotheses regarding the interrelationship among the variables. It is anticipated that the results of this study will be able to provide important references for both human resource managers and academics.

Although, prior studies have discussed how the various intelligences of expatriates (IQ – intelle... more Although, prior studies have discussed how the various intelligences of expatriates (IQ – intellectual intelligence, CQ – cultural intelligence, and EQ – emotional intelligence) could contribute to their success on foreign assignments, they tend to discuss each of these separately. By asserting that all of these intelligences operate within expatriates simultaneously, this study then examines how they contribute to the success of expatriation. Moreover, this work also investigates under what conditions multiple intelligences can magnify their effects. By adopting a qualitative study approach including, in-depth interviews of experts, employers and expatriates, this study reveals that the use of multiple intelligences is contingent upon expatriates' commitment toward the organization, social support, functional interaction, and assignment tenure.

The globalization of business activities has forced firms to develop more qualified expatriates. ... more The globalization of business activities has forced firms to develop more qualified expatriates. Prior research has indicated that expatriate adjustments played very significant roles to perform as expected by headquarter. This study purposely determines the expatriate adjustment in the individual level by emphasizing the influences of personality traits as well as the cultural intelli- gence of the expatriates. Moreover, this

Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2007

The major purpose of this study was to identify the effects of personality on individual exercise... more The major purpose of this study was to identify the effects of personality on individual exercise motivation and exercise participation, which then influences quality of life. A comprehensive model was developed, based on an extensive literature review, and empirically tested using members of fitness centers from Taiwan, Europe and the United States as respondents. The results indicate that individuals with a positive personality tend to have higher levels of exercise motivation and exercise participation. Personality and exercise participation then impacted on individuals' quality of life, in terms of physical health improvement, psychological health improvement, and sexual satisfaction. The study results offer valuable suggestions not only to marketing managers of fitness centers but also to government officers to promote health and quality of life through stimulating exercise motivation and exercise participation.

Social Behavior and …, 2007

The major purpose of this study was to identify the effects of personality on individual exercise... more The major purpose of this study was to identify the effects of personality on individual exercise motivation and exercise participation, which then influences quality of life. A comprehensive model was developed, based on an extensive literature review, and empirically tested using members of fitness centers from Taiwan, Europe and the United States as respondents. The results indicate that individuals with a positive personality tend to have higher levels of exercise motivation and exercise participation. Personality and exercise participation then impacted on individuals' quality of life, in terms of physical health improvement, psychological health improvement, and sexual satisfaction. The study results offer valuable suggestions not only to marketing managers of fitness centers but also to government officers to promote health and quality of life through stimulating exercise motivation and exercise participation.

International Journal of Services and Standards, 2008

ABSTRACT Previous studies mostly involved consumers from the more developed countries to discuss ... more ABSTRACT Previous studies mostly involved consumers from the more developed countries to discuss the concept of country of origin and ethnocentrism. This paper examines the consequences of country of origin and ethnocentrism in developing and underdeveloped countries. This survey‐based study, with 173 respondents from Taiwan and 140 from Cambodia, uses electronic products as stimulus. The results indicate that both Taiwanese and Cambodian respondents perceive Japanese brands electronic products as the most favourable and have high attitudes and intention to purchase. Taiwanese, Thailand, and Chinese electronic products are perceived as second, third, and fourth, respectively. Moreover, the results exhibit that consumers may disregard the concept of ethnocentrism and use brand image as the major consideration in purchasing decision‐making.

The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2008

... Bjorkman and Gertsen (19934. Bjorkman, I. and Gertsen, M. 1993. ... teaching (training) and l... more ... Bjorkman and Gertsen (19934. Bjorkman, I. and Gertsen, M. 1993. ... teaching (training) and learning is critical to achieve better expatriate training effectiveness, including satisfaction, commitment and involvement of expatriates in work places (Kolb, Osland and Rubin 199525. ...

Industrial Management & Data Systems, 2006

... family issues, unwillingness to be relocated, dual career issues, commitment to assignment, l... more ... family issues, unwillingness to be relocated, dual career issues, commitment to assignment, lack of language capabilities, and inadequate training and compensation program (Harvey ... Learning style analysis has become a critical element in the expatriate training process ...

Industrial Management & Data Systems, 2006

... family issues, unwillingness to be relocated, dual career issues, commitment to assignment, l... more ... family issues, unwillingness to be relocated, dual career issues, commitment to assignment, lack of language capabilities, and inadequate training and compensation program (Harvey ... Learning style analysis has become a critical element in the expatriate training process ...

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Management (ICEBM 2020)

Research related to the predictors of expatriate's adjustment and performance has been conducted ... more Research related to the predictors of expatriate's adjustment and performance has been conducted extensively, nevertheless, expatriation remains a challenging job. Previous studies illustrated that approximately from 30% to 50% of expatriates are ineffective, or in other word, they are marginally effective. Among others, the issue of social capital, work-role demand, and work-family conflict are three of the most critical factors for the adjustment and performance of expatriation. This study also adopts the Takeuchi's stakeholder approach to identify the moderating role of work-role demand and work-family conflict that moderate the influence of social capital on cross-cultural adjustment. With a questionnaire survey approach, the data was obtained from 244 expatriates among Taiwanese multinational enterprises. The results of this study showed that (1) expatriate's social capital has a significant effect on the expatriates' cross-cultural adjustment; (2) work-role demand and work-family conflict serves as two moderating variables that will inhibit the influence of expatriates' social capital on cross-cultural adjustment. The results of this study are very beneficial to human resource manager in selecting, recruiting, evaluating, and managing their expatriates in the overseas marketplaces. These findings could also be very useful for academicians to develop further about theoretical foundation in expatriate management.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the significance of person-organizational fit on innovation c... more Purpose: This study aims to examine the significance of person-organizational fit on innovation climate through a mechanism of the cross-level mediation effects of emotional intelligence and psychological climate. The moderating effect of leader openness on the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological safety is also examined in this study. Design/methodology/approach: First, a random sampling technique was adopted to select 158 high-tech firms in Taiwan. Second, a purposive sampling technique was also adopted to select 1:4 dyadic managers and employees relationships in the Research & Development (R&D) department of each selected sample firms. The valid of respondents is tested on 252 subordinates and 67 managers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS 21 and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM 7) were used to test six research hypotheses. Findings: At cross-level of analysis, the results of a hierarchical regression analysis indicated that person-organizationa...

Research related to the predictors of expatriate’s adjustment and performance has been conducted ... more Research related to the predictors of expatriate’s adjustment and performance has been conducted extensively, nevertheless, expatriation remains a challenging job. Previous studies illustrated that approximately from 30% to 50% of expatriates are ineffective, or in other word, they are marginally effective. Among others, the issue of social capital, work-role demand, and work-family conflict are three of the most critical factors for the adjustment and performance of expatriation. This study also adopts the Takeuchi’s stakeholder approach to identify the moderating role of work-role demand and work-family conflict that moderate the influence of social capital on cross-cultural adjustment. With a questionnaire survey approach, the data was obtained from 244 expatriates among Taiwanese multinational enterprises. The results of this study showed that (1) expatriate’s social capital has a significant effect on the expatriates’ cross-cultural adjustment; (2) work-role demand and work–fam...

To gain insight in the area of cultural adjustment, this study analyzes Taiwanese co-worker suppo... more To gain insight in the area of cultural adjustment, this study analyzes Taiwanese co-worker support, expatriate co-worker support, social capital, and cultural adjustment for expatriate English teachers in Taiwan. The results show that Taiwanese co-worker support has a significant relationship with interaction adjustment. The other independent variables had less significant relationships with cultural adjustment. Control variables 'length of time spent in Taiwan' and 'Chinese language ability' had significant influences on general adjustment and interaction adjustment respectively. Research background The globalization of the business world has not only increased the number of expatriate managers around the globe, but has also resulted in an increasing struggle companies are having with challenges such as control, coordination, and knowledge transfer across units (Holopainen & Bjorkman, 2005). According to Black and Gregerson (1991) " American firms have not bee...

Purpose—This study aims to examine the significance of cultural intelligence and cultural adjustm... more Purpose—This study aims to examine the significance of cultural intelligence and cultural adjustment on expatriates’ creative engagement. This study also extends relevant literature on expatriate management to examine the relationship between cultural intelligence, cultural adjustment, and expatriates’ creative engagement through a mechanism taking into account the moderating roles of psychological climate. Design/methodology/approach—The sample was collected from 328 Taiwanese expatriates working in Taiwanese MNC subsidiaries operating in China (Shanghai). Structural equation modeling in AMOS 21 and hierarchical regression (SPSS 19) were used to test six research hypotheses. Findings—The SEM results indicate that cultural intelligence and cultural adjustment make significant contributions to expatriates’ creative engagement. The results of a hierarchical regression analysis also confirm the moderating effects of the psychological climate. These findings suggest that cultural intell...

This study conducted a qualitative research based on grounded theory to develop an integrated mod... more This study conducted a qualitative research based on grounded theory to develop an integrated model aims to: 1) explore the relationship between service failure, recovery, post-recovery satisfaction, and parents’ behaviors; 2) discover the effects of service failure and service recovery on customer’s post-recovery behaviors; and 3) provide proprietors of English after-school tutorial institute (EASTI) with valuable information for enhancing service quality through service recovery. One EASTI in Taiwan was selected as the case study object, and a total of 64 failure events were identified and 99 recovery performances were collected by interviewing 10 parents of EASTI’s students and 10 employees. The analysis results indicate that service ailures from teacher’s teaching and student’s learning are indeed a big concern for respondents. The strengthening communication strategy is the most widely used in the EASTI, while it encountered service failure. Surprisingly, our findings indicated...

International Journal of Emerging Markets

PurposeAs the dynamic competition in the global marketplace becomes increasingly severe, multinat... more PurposeAs the dynamic competition in the global marketplace becomes increasingly severe, multinational firms have no choice but to improve their competitive advantages and enhance productivity through innovation, learning and leadership. One essential issue is the capability of expatriates to support knowledge sharing and transfer from organizations headquarter to their subsidiaries through expatriates; however, there are few studies on this issue. This study attempts to identify the antecedents, consequences and moderators of knowledge sharing.Design/methodology/approachUsing a questionnaire survey approach, data were obtained from 234 expatriates working for Taiwanese multinational enterprises. The hypotheses were tested by SmartPLS 3.0.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that opportunity and ability have a significant impact on expatriates' knowledge sharing. Trust, commitment and social capital also have significant influences on expatriates' collecting and donating o...

International Journal of Services and Standards

Based on a series of literature reviews, 27 research hypotheses were developed for further empiri... more Based on a series of literature reviews, 27 research hypotheses were developed for further empirical testing. Using 244 overseas expatriate respondents as the sample, the research results show that cross-cultural static competences have positive influence on cross-cultural dynamic competences and cross-cultural adjustment; work role demands have a negative influence on cross-cultural dynamic competences and cross-cultural adjustment; relational skills. Perceived host attitude toward expatriates has a positive influence on expatriate adjustment; cross-cultural dynamic competences have positive influence on cross-cultural adjustment; cross-cultural dynamic competences and adjustment have a positive influence on expatriate effectiveness; and innovative work behaviour and job satisfaction have a positive influence on expatriate performance. In terms of moderating effects, expatriate intelligence and cultural adaptability strengthen the influence of cross-cultural static competences and work role demands on cross-cultural dynamic competences and adjustment; also, perceived assignment value and organisational support strengthen the influence of cross-cultural dynamic competencies and adjustment on expatriate effectiveness.

The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business

International Journal of Organizational Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of expatriate’s social capital and kno... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of expatriate’s social capital and knowledge sharing on multinational companies’ (MNCs) financial performance, with a specific focus on the influence of trust, commitment, organizational support and the four elements of balanced scorecard (BSC). Design/methodology/approach A quantitative questionnaire survey was conducted using expatriates of MNCs in Taiwan as the respondents. Findings Trust and organizational support are significant predictors of knowledge sharing and social capital, which further facilitate their influence on learning and growth, customer satisfaction, internal process improvement and financial performance of MNCs. Besides, social capital serves as an accelerate agent to promote the influence of trust on knowledge sharing, and customer satisfaction serves as a catalyst on the influence of learning and growth and internal process on a firms’ financial performance. Practical implications This study provides ...

International Journal of Services and Standards

Knowledge sharing is very crucial but not an easy activity in knowledge management. Managers need... more Knowledge sharing is very crucial but not an easy activity in knowledge management. Managers need to have deep understanding about factors that influence knowledge sharing. Some of the most crucial antecedents come from source and recipient context as the actors in knowledge sharing. Therefore, study tries to explain the influence of source and recipient context including motivation, opportunity, absorptive capacity, cultural intelligence, and self-efficacy on knowledge sharing collecting and donating. By conducting data from 234 Taiwanese and foreign expatriates in Taiwan, this study developed some important conclusions. The findings of this study show that opportunity, absorptive capacity, cultural intelligence, and self-efficacy influence knowledge sharing. Since previous studies regarding source and recipient contexts that influence knowledge sharing are limited, this study enables to give an important insight for further academic validation and will be useful for managers and academicians to improve effectiveness of knowledge sharing during the expatriation process.

International Journal of Services and Standards, 2016

There are numerous studies on the determinants of expatriate success, such as expatriate adjustme... more There are numerous studies on the determinants of expatriate success, such as expatriate adjustment, stress and performance. However, a comprehensive research model is yet to be developed. This study integrates three perspectives - expatriate-related, family-related and social capital perspectives - as the determinants of expatriate stress, adjustment and performance. By using a meta-analysis of 341 studies conducted during the period 1988-2012, this work tested 10 research hypotheses regarding the interrelationship among the variables. It is anticipated that the results of this study will be able to provide important references for both human resource managers and academics.

Although, prior studies have discussed how the various intelligences of expatriates (IQ – intelle... more Although, prior studies have discussed how the various intelligences of expatriates (IQ – intellectual intelligence, CQ – cultural intelligence, and EQ – emotional intelligence) could contribute to their success on foreign assignments, they tend to discuss each of these separately. By asserting that all of these intelligences operate within expatriates simultaneously, this study then examines how they contribute to the success of expatriation. Moreover, this work also investigates under what conditions multiple intelligences can magnify their effects. By adopting a qualitative study approach including, in-depth interviews of experts, employers and expatriates, this study reveals that the use of multiple intelligences is contingent upon expatriates' commitment toward the organization, social support, functional interaction, and assignment tenure.

The globalization of business activities has forced firms to develop more qualified expatriates. ... more The globalization of business activities has forced firms to develop more qualified expatriates. Prior research has indicated that expatriate adjustments played very significant roles to perform as expected by headquarter. This study purposely determines the expatriate adjustment in the individual level by emphasizing the influences of personality traits as well as the cultural intelli- gence of the expatriates. Moreover, this

Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2007

The major purpose of this study was to identify the effects of personality on individual exercise... more The major purpose of this study was to identify the effects of personality on individual exercise motivation and exercise participation, which then influences quality of life. A comprehensive model was developed, based on an extensive literature review, and empirically tested using members of fitness centers from Taiwan, Europe and the United States as respondents. The results indicate that individuals with a positive personality tend to have higher levels of exercise motivation and exercise participation. Personality and exercise participation then impacted on individuals' quality of life, in terms of physical health improvement, psychological health improvement, and sexual satisfaction. The study results offer valuable suggestions not only to marketing managers of fitness centers but also to government officers to promote health and quality of life through stimulating exercise motivation and exercise participation.

Social Behavior and …, 2007

The major purpose of this study was to identify the effects of personality on individual exercise... more The major purpose of this study was to identify the effects of personality on individual exercise motivation and exercise participation, which then influences quality of life. A comprehensive model was developed, based on an extensive literature review, and empirically tested using members of fitness centers from Taiwan, Europe and the United States as respondents. The results indicate that individuals with a positive personality tend to have higher levels of exercise motivation and exercise participation. Personality and exercise participation then impacted on individuals' quality of life, in terms of physical health improvement, psychological health improvement, and sexual satisfaction. The study results offer valuable suggestions not only to marketing managers of fitness centers but also to government officers to promote health and quality of life through stimulating exercise motivation and exercise participation.

International Journal of Services and Standards, 2008

ABSTRACT Previous studies mostly involved consumers from the more developed countries to discuss ... more ABSTRACT Previous studies mostly involved consumers from the more developed countries to discuss the concept of country of origin and ethnocentrism. This paper examines the consequences of country of origin and ethnocentrism in developing and underdeveloped countries. This survey‐based study, with 173 respondents from Taiwan and 140 from Cambodia, uses electronic products as stimulus. The results indicate that both Taiwanese and Cambodian respondents perceive Japanese brands electronic products as the most favourable and have high attitudes and intention to purchase. Taiwanese, Thailand, and Chinese electronic products are perceived as second, third, and fourth, respectively. Moreover, the results exhibit that consumers may disregard the concept of ethnocentrism and use brand image as the major consideration in purchasing decision‐making.

The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2008

... Bjorkman and Gertsen (19934. Bjorkman, I. and Gertsen, M. 1993. ... teaching (training) and l... more ... Bjorkman and Gertsen (19934. Bjorkman, I. and Gertsen, M. 1993. ... teaching (training) and learning is critical to achieve better expatriate training effectiveness, including satisfaction, commitment and involvement of expatriates in work places (Kolb, Osland and Rubin 199525. ...

Industrial Management & Data Systems, 2006

... family issues, unwillingness to be relocated, dual career issues, commitment to assignment, l... more ... family issues, unwillingness to be relocated, dual career issues, commitment to assignment, lack of language capabilities, and inadequate training and compensation program (Harvey ... Learning style analysis has become a critical element in the expatriate training process ...

Industrial Management & Data Systems, 2006

... family issues, unwillingness to be relocated, dual career issues, commitment to assignment, l... more ... family issues, unwillingness to be relocated, dual career issues, commitment to assignment, lack of language capabilities, and inadequate training and compensation program (Harvey ... Learning style analysis has become a critical element in the expatriate training process ...