Ludovic Miaro III - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by Ludovic Miaro III
Poor access to energy is now a key challenge to the development of many countries in the South. E... more Poor access to energy is now a key challenge to the development of many countries in the South. Energy supply has become a strategic priority for economic development policies, especially through developing renewable energies. In West Africa, more than 80 % of household energy is provided by biomass (firewood and charcoal). The challenge for developing countries is now moving from a domestic use of biomass energy to a modern use. The latter will help produce energy which remains essential to economic and social development. Indeed, despite their abundance on the African continent, many natural resources and raw materials are not valued and transformed into high value added products because of the lack of access to affordable power services. In 2004, biofuels aroused the enthusiasm of investors who invested on the sector while claiming their participation in the economic and social development of the continent. But in 2007, the rush for this green oil slowed down and the first review...
Abstract Cameroon has been producing palm oil for centuries but industrial scale production start... more Abstract
Cameroon has been producing palm oil for centuries but industrial scale production started around 1907 under the German colonisation with the development of estates and mills
around the Littoral region (Sanaga-Maritime). The country’s production of palm oil can
be grouped into traditional (artisanal) and industrial milling. The production is stratified
in three groups: an agro-industrial sector, smallholders in contract with agro-industries
and traditional independent smallholders also called artisanal sector. Smallholders with
less than 5 ha of oil palm represent more than 75 % of oil palm growers but provide only
half of the production due to very low yields. Despite the presence of these three groups,
the national production is not sufficient to cover the domestic consumption. The government considers the oil palm sector (both artisanal and industrial) as an important tool to
alleviate poverty and to generate national revenues.
This paper analyses the operation of smallholding oil palm value chain in the Department
of Sanaga-Maritime. Data were collected trough field survey that involved distribution
of pre-structured questionnaires to a sample of 60 actors purposively selected. The data
collected through these questionnaires were analysed using Olympe software. The study
reveals that, oil palm smallholding value chain is made up of three categories of farmers:
family farms, rural and urban investors. The average margins of farmers are higher for the
plantation of urban investors, followed by those of the rural investor and the family farms.
Family farmers are the actors who process all their produce into red palm oil, whereas,
the rural investor and urban elites do not process their produce. They, rather sell their
nuts, either to local artisanal millers or to the local agro industry. Two types of artisanal
millers have been identified: manual vertical press users and combined motorized horizontal
press users. In general, the motorized horizontal presses have a higher production capacity
(tons/ day) than the manuals presses. The study also reveals that the extraction rate
slightly differs according to the type of press used.
Poor access to energy is now a key challenge to the development of many countries in the South. E... more Poor access to energy is now a key challenge to the development of many countries in the South. Energy supply has become a strategic priority for economic development policies, especially through developing renewable energies. In West Africa, more than 80 % of household energy is provided by biomass (firewood and charcoal). The challenge for developing countries is now moving from a domestic use of biomass energy to a modern use. The latter will help produce energy which remains essential to economic and social development. Indeed, despite their abundance on the African continent, many natural resources and raw materials are not valued and transformed into high value added products because of the lack of access to affordable power services. In 2004, biofuels aroused the enthusiasm of investors who invested on the sector while claiming their participation in the economic and social development of the continent. But in 2007, the rush for this green oil slowed down and the first review...
Abstract Cameroon has been producing palm oil for centuries but industrial scale production start... more Abstract
Cameroon has been producing palm oil for centuries but industrial scale production started around 1907 under the German colonisation with the development of estates and mills
around the Littoral region (Sanaga-Maritime). The country’s production of palm oil can
be grouped into traditional (artisanal) and industrial milling. The production is stratified
in three groups: an agro-industrial sector, smallholders in contract with agro-industries
and traditional independent smallholders also called artisanal sector. Smallholders with
less than 5 ha of oil palm represent more than 75 % of oil palm growers but provide only
half of the production due to very low yields. Despite the presence of these three groups,
the national production is not sufficient to cover the domestic consumption. The government considers the oil palm sector (both artisanal and industrial) as an important tool to
alleviate poverty and to generate national revenues.
This paper analyses the operation of smallholding oil palm value chain in the Department
of Sanaga-Maritime. Data were collected trough field survey that involved distribution
of pre-structured questionnaires to a sample of 60 actors purposively selected. The data
collected through these questionnaires were analysed using Olympe software. The study
reveals that, oil palm smallholding value chain is made up of three categories of farmers:
family farms, rural and urban investors. The average margins of farmers are higher for the
plantation of urban investors, followed by those of the rural investor and the family farms.
Family farmers are the actors who process all their produce into red palm oil, whereas,
the rural investor and urban elites do not process their produce. They, rather sell their
nuts, either to local artisanal millers or to the local agro industry. Two types of artisanal
millers have been identified: manual vertical press users and combined motorized horizontal
press users. In general, the motorized horizontal presses have a higher production capacity
(tons/ day) than the manuals presses. The study also reveals that the extraction rate
slightly differs according to the type of press used.