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Papers by Md. Abul Kashem Azad

Research paper thumbnail of Osteoplastic thumb reconstruction in a case of neglected hand burn

Bangladesh Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2014

In this article we report a case of neglected hand burn with total loss of thumb with additional ... more In this article we report a case of neglected hand burn with total loss of thumb with additional first web space and wrist contracture of the nondominant hand of a young female. Osteoplastic technique was applied for thumb reconstruction with additional fillet flap and posterior interosseous flap for first web space and thenar area. In this era of microsurgical reconstruction this simple and basic technique can still be useful in selected cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bdjps.v4i1.18691 Bangladesh Journal of Plastic Surgery January 2013, 4(1): 32-35

Research paper thumbnail of Acid hydrolysis of untanned proteinous wastes from tannery industry in Bangladesh

Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research

Leather tanning industry, considered one of the polluting industries, poses various environmental... more Leather tanning industry, considered one of the polluting industries, poses various environmental threats to its every sphere. It produces various types of solid wastes as well as liquid wastes. Among the solid wastes, untanned raw trimmings contribute for about 5-7% of the total quantity of raw materials processed. If suitably utilized, these by-products of tanning industry could be a useful resource for various applications. This research work deals with utilization of raw trimmings of tannery solid waste to protein hydrolysate by acetic acid with varying acid concentration, acid solution, temperature and time. The maximum about 76% protein hydrolysate was obtained at 1.5M acid concentration and 80ºC.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of Sr 2 Fe 1−x Ga x MoO 6 (0≤ x ≤0.6) double perovskites

Materials Research Bulletin, Dec 31, 2009

Polycrystalline Sr2Fe1−xGaxMoO6 (0≤x≤0.6) materials have been synthesized by solid state reaction... more Polycrystalline Sr2Fe1−xGaxMoO6 (0≤x≤0.6) materials have been synthesized by solid state reaction method and studied by neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and magnetization measurements. Rietveld analysis of the temperature dependent NPD data shows that the compounds crystallize in the tetragonal symmetry in the space group I4/m. The anti-site (AS) defects concentration increases with Ga doping, giving rise to highly B-site disordered materials.

Research paper thumbnail of Spin-glass transition in a La-doped Sr 2 Mn W O 6 double perovskite

Physical Review B, 2008

Polycrystalline Sr2-xLaxMnWO6 ( x=0.25 and 0.5) materials have been prepared by a traditional sol... more Polycrystalline Sr2-xLaxMnWO6 ( x=0.25 and 0.5) materials have been prepared by a traditional solid state sintering method and studied by neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and magnetization measurements. Rietveld analysis of the temperature dependent NPD data shows that the compounds crystallize in monoclinic symmetry (space group P21/n ). The unit cell volume decreases with increasing La3+ concentration at the A site.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of hair-save unhairing method using organic thio compounds in pre-tanning stages of leather production

The function of liming and unhairing is to remove hair, interfibrillary components, fatty matters... more The function of liming and unhairing is to remove hair, interfibrillary components, fatty matters and epidermis and to open up fiber structure. The process of unhairing depends upon the phenomenon of destroying or loosening and removal of hair by chemical and mechanical means. The keratinous material (hair, hair root, epidermis etc.) are eliminated from the pelts conventionally with the mixture of sulphides (Na2 S, NaHS) and lime which contribute to the high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) etc. in the tannery effluent. The study showed that significant amount of reduction in pollution concerning parameters like COD, BOD, suspended solids, Nitrogen and Sulphide in tannery waste water due to use of thio compound as unhairing agent. This reduction is explained by the fact that thio compound is non toxic. The intact hair is also collected as new raw material for fertilizer rather than being discharged with the effluent. The stren...

Research paper thumbnail of Alkali Enzymatic Extraction of Keratin Protein from Chicken Feather Waste in Bangladesh

Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment, 2019

Keratin is a highly specialized fibrous protein, which is found in feathers, hair, wool and nails... more Keratin is a highly specialized fibrous protein, which is found in feathers, hair, wool and nails. Bioremediation of these waste materials is an issue requiring serious attention regarding environmental concern. In the present research work keratin protein is extracted from poultry chicken feather which is now treated as valueless product of poultry processing plants. Although it contains high keratin protein content, this byproduct is dumped continuously into the environment without further treatment. Millions of tons of chicken feathers are produced every year from poultry industry of Bangladesh which disposed off into environment without any industrial treatment. This protein rich valuable byproduct can be recycled and utilized effectively which has great economic and ecological importance. In this study, alkali-enzymatic hydrolysis was done for the extraction of keratin protein from feather. Desired result was found in reflux condensation system which yielded 76.2% protein hydrolysate compared to conventional hot plate hydrolysis which was yielded 52.63%. Detection and concentration of protein were determined by Biuret and Kjeldahl methods respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Enzyme-Accelerated Acid Hydrolysis of Untanned Proteinaceous Wastes from Tanning Industry

Textile & Leather Review, 2020

Traditionally, tanning industry has been producing considerable amounts of solid wastes, which ra... more Traditionally, tanning industry has been producing considerable amounts of solid wastes, which raises serious concerns on account of their environmental impact. Out of these, untanned raw trimmings account for about 5-7% of the total quantity of raw materials processed. This waste could be a value-added cheap source of collagen, which has numerous industrial applications if properly and scientifically utilized. This research work deals with the utilization of raw trimmings of solid waste from tanneries in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, performed by using acetic acid and protease, in order to obtain protein hydrolysate. The hydrolysis was carried out with varying acid concentrations, acid solutions, temperatures and times. The maximum obtained protein hydrolysate was about 88% at 1.5 M acid concentration, 4% enzyme ratio, and 60 °C.

Research paper thumbnail of Fatliquor preparation from Karanja seed oil (Pongamia pinnata L.) and its application for leather processing

Fatliquor affects the physical properties of the leather and makes more flexible and softer. Fatl... more Fatliquor affects the physical properties of the leather and makes more flexible and softer. Fatliquor prepared from karanja seed oil by sulphation process followed by addition of sodium hydroxide to maintain pH at 5.0 with conc. sulphuric acid. FT-IR analysis of the sulphated product confirmed the attachment of sulphonic acid group. The physical and chemical properties of the fatliquor were found satisfactory. The prepared fatliquor was applied for the processing of goat skins. The processed goat skins physical and chemical properties compared with the skins processed by fatliquor made from castor oil and all the remaining leather processing chemicals same in both processing. Goat skins processed by these two types of fatliquor found standard leather specification. So fatliqour prepared from karanja seed oil extracted by soxlet extraction

Research paper thumbnail of Studies on the Tanning with Glutaraldehyde as an Alternative to Traditional Chrome Tanning System for the Production of Chrome Free Leather

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2009

Chrome tanning is a versatile tanning system, but the pollution problems of chromium due to inade... more Chrome tanning is a versatile tanning system, but the pollution problems of chromium due to inadequacy of treatment systems and possible formation of Cr(VI), a carcinogen, have led to search for an ecofriendly and viable alternative tanning system. The present investigation focuses on the development of a novel, high performance and thermally stable aldehyde tannage system to produce chrome free leather by cross linking the NH2 groups of collagen with glutaraldehyde (CHO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO). After as usual soaking, liming, deliming, bating and pickling operations the pickle pelts were tanned with glutaraldehyde and other syntans. This developed chrome free tanning process produce crust leathers exhibiting thermal stability >85°C and reducing the TDS value with 0% emission of Cr-salt in tannery discharge. Key words: Eco friendly tanning system, Chrome free leather, Crust leathers  doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2246  Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 553-558, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Osteoplastic thumb reconstruction in a case of neglected hand burn

Bangladesh Journal of Plastic Surgery, 2014

In this article we report a case of neglected hand burn with total loss of thumb with additional ... more In this article we report a case of neglected hand burn with total loss of thumb with additional first web space and wrist contracture of the nondominant hand of a young female. Osteoplastic technique was applied for thumb reconstruction with additional fillet flap and posterior interosseous flap for first web space and thenar area. In this era of microsurgical reconstruction this simple and basic technique can still be useful in selected cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bdjps.v4i1.18691 Bangladesh Journal of Plastic Surgery January 2013, 4(1): 32-35

Research paper thumbnail of Acid hydrolysis of untanned proteinous wastes from tannery industry in Bangladesh

Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research

Leather tanning industry, considered one of the polluting industries, poses various environmental... more Leather tanning industry, considered one of the polluting industries, poses various environmental threats to its every sphere. It produces various types of solid wastes as well as liquid wastes. Among the solid wastes, untanned raw trimmings contribute for about 5-7% of the total quantity of raw materials processed. If suitably utilized, these by-products of tanning industry could be a useful resource for various applications. This research work deals with utilization of raw trimmings of tannery solid waste to protein hydrolysate by acetic acid with varying acid concentration, acid solution, temperature and time. The maximum about 76% protein hydrolysate was obtained at 1.5M acid concentration and 80ºC.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of Sr 2 Fe 1−x Ga x MoO 6 (0≤ x ≤0.6) double perovskites

Materials Research Bulletin, Dec 31, 2009

Polycrystalline Sr2Fe1−xGaxMoO6 (0≤x≤0.6) materials have been synthesized by solid state reaction... more Polycrystalline Sr2Fe1−xGaxMoO6 (0≤x≤0.6) materials have been synthesized by solid state reaction method and studied by neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and magnetization measurements. Rietveld analysis of the temperature dependent NPD data shows that the compounds crystallize in the tetragonal symmetry in the space group I4/m. The anti-site (AS) defects concentration increases with Ga doping, giving rise to highly B-site disordered materials.

Research paper thumbnail of Spin-glass transition in a La-doped Sr 2 Mn W O 6 double perovskite

Physical Review B, 2008

Polycrystalline Sr2-xLaxMnWO6 ( x=0.25 and 0.5) materials have been prepared by a traditional sol... more Polycrystalline Sr2-xLaxMnWO6 ( x=0.25 and 0.5) materials have been prepared by a traditional solid state sintering method and studied by neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and magnetization measurements. Rietveld analysis of the temperature dependent NPD data shows that the compounds crystallize in monoclinic symmetry (space group P21/n ). The unit cell volume decreases with increasing La3+ concentration at the A site.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of hair-save unhairing method using organic thio compounds in pre-tanning stages of leather production

The function of liming and unhairing is to remove hair, interfibrillary components, fatty matters... more The function of liming and unhairing is to remove hair, interfibrillary components, fatty matters and epidermis and to open up fiber structure. The process of unhairing depends upon the phenomenon of destroying or loosening and removal of hair by chemical and mechanical means. The keratinous material (hair, hair root, epidermis etc.) are eliminated from the pelts conventionally with the mixture of sulphides (Na2 S, NaHS) and lime which contribute to the high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) etc. in the tannery effluent. The study showed that significant amount of reduction in pollution concerning parameters like COD, BOD, suspended solids, Nitrogen and Sulphide in tannery waste water due to use of thio compound as unhairing agent. This reduction is explained by the fact that thio compound is non toxic. The intact hair is also collected as new raw material for fertilizer rather than being discharged with the effluent. The stren...

Research paper thumbnail of Alkali Enzymatic Extraction of Keratin Protein from Chicken Feather Waste in Bangladesh

Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment, 2019

Keratin is a highly specialized fibrous protein, which is found in feathers, hair, wool and nails... more Keratin is a highly specialized fibrous protein, which is found in feathers, hair, wool and nails. Bioremediation of these waste materials is an issue requiring serious attention regarding environmental concern. In the present research work keratin protein is extracted from poultry chicken feather which is now treated as valueless product of poultry processing plants. Although it contains high keratin protein content, this byproduct is dumped continuously into the environment without further treatment. Millions of tons of chicken feathers are produced every year from poultry industry of Bangladesh which disposed off into environment without any industrial treatment. This protein rich valuable byproduct can be recycled and utilized effectively which has great economic and ecological importance. In this study, alkali-enzymatic hydrolysis was done for the extraction of keratin protein from feather. Desired result was found in reflux condensation system which yielded 76.2% protein hydrolysate compared to conventional hot plate hydrolysis which was yielded 52.63%. Detection and concentration of protein were determined by Biuret and Kjeldahl methods respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Enzyme-Accelerated Acid Hydrolysis of Untanned Proteinaceous Wastes from Tanning Industry

Textile & Leather Review, 2020

Traditionally, tanning industry has been producing considerable amounts of solid wastes, which ra... more Traditionally, tanning industry has been producing considerable amounts of solid wastes, which raises serious concerns on account of their environmental impact. Out of these, untanned raw trimmings account for about 5-7% of the total quantity of raw materials processed. This waste could be a value-added cheap source of collagen, which has numerous industrial applications if properly and scientifically utilized. This research work deals with the utilization of raw trimmings of solid waste from tanneries in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, performed by using acetic acid and protease, in order to obtain protein hydrolysate. The hydrolysis was carried out with varying acid concentrations, acid solutions, temperatures and times. The maximum obtained protein hydrolysate was about 88% at 1.5 M acid concentration, 4% enzyme ratio, and 60 °C.

Research paper thumbnail of Fatliquor preparation from Karanja seed oil (Pongamia pinnata L.) and its application for leather processing

Fatliquor affects the physical properties of the leather and makes more flexible and softer. Fatl... more Fatliquor affects the physical properties of the leather and makes more flexible and softer. Fatliquor prepared from karanja seed oil by sulphation process followed by addition of sodium hydroxide to maintain pH at 5.0 with conc. sulphuric acid. FT-IR analysis of the sulphated product confirmed the attachment of sulphonic acid group. The physical and chemical properties of the fatliquor were found satisfactory. The prepared fatliquor was applied for the processing of goat skins. The processed goat skins physical and chemical properties compared with the skins processed by fatliquor made from castor oil and all the remaining leather processing chemicals same in both processing. Goat skins processed by these two types of fatliquor found standard leather specification. So fatliqour prepared from karanja seed oil extracted by soxlet extraction

Research paper thumbnail of Studies on the Tanning with Glutaraldehyde as an Alternative to Traditional Chrome Tanning System for the Production of Chrome Free Leather

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2009

Chrome tanning is a versatile tanning system, but the pollution problems of chromium due to inade... more Chrome tanning is a versatile tanning system, but the pollution problems of chromium due to inadequacy of treatment systems and possible formation of Cr(VI), a carcinogen, have led to search for an ecofriendly and viable alternative tanning system. The present investigation focuses on the development of a novel, high performance and thermally stable aldehyde tannage system to produce chrome free leather by cross linking the NH2 groups of collagen with glutaraldehyde (CHO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO). After as usual soaking, liming, deliming, bating and pickling operations the pickle pelts were tanned with glutaraldehyde and other syntans. This developed chrome free tanning process produce crust leathers exhibiting thermal stability >85°C and reducing the TDS value with 0% emission of Cr-salt in tannery discharge. Key words: Eco friendly tanning system, Chrome free leather, Crust leathers  doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2246  Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 553-558, 2008