Mikko Punkari - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Mikko Punkari
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United Nations Programme on Space Applications, 1992
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Internet www.worldbank.org/rural, 2013
Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP). Road program evaluation and development of green econom... more Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP). Road program evaluation and development of green economy, community involvement, gender and socio-economics (incl. ESIA Environmental Assessment & Strategy Plans).
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Quaternary Science Reviews, 1997
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Fennia: International Journal of Geography, 2013
The glacial geomorphology of Soviet Karelia was mapped using Landsat satellite imagery. The data ... more The glacial geomorphology of Soviet Karelia was mapped using Landsat satellite imagery. The data of the multispectral scanner were processed using the photographic image enhancement and color combination technique for visual interpretation. Glaciofluvial landforms, streamlined formations, end moraines and hummocky moraine tracts were mapped, along with the type and amount of glacial erosion. As a result of the work, the glaciomorphological data were greatly increased compared with maps available earlier. The direction and strength of the glacial flow and the stages of deglaciation were interpreted on the basis of the maps compiled. Conclusions were drawn as to the thermal regime of the ice sheet and the relations between the glacial dynamics and morphology. During the Allerod Substage, the main direction of the glacial flow was from the northwest, running radially from the Scandinavian mountain range. Later, the direction shifted about 30' more to the west, with the dome be...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Field observations in Central Asia indicate that the climate has been warming and the consequence... more Field observations in Central Asia indicate that the climate has been warming and the consequences of this trend have already been observed. Disasters related to climate change destroy settlements, agricultural land, and infrastructure. Central Asian countries should therefore develop resilience and adapt to climate change. This report shows the results of the research combining field observations with sophisticated satellite-based data and created models to demonstrate the impacts of climate change on the hydrology of the Aral Sea Basin.
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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The purpose of this toolkit is to provide practical guidance in the monitoring and evaluation of ... more The purpose of this toolkit is to provide practical guidance in the monitoring and evaluation of the environmental and social sustainability of Agricultural and Rural Development (ARD) programs and projects. The primary audience is agriculture and rural project managers, specifically field personnel, communities, client governments, other stakeholders, and World Bank Task Teams. Chapter 2 sets out the conceptual framework by examining the sectoral context of environmental and social sustainability and the resulting implications for project preparation, appraisal and implementation. Chapter 3 takes a closer look at the Bank's M&E requirements based on the results-based framework. Chapter 4 introduces appendix 1, which contains 11 matrices of sample indicators, organized by ARD subsector, of potential environmental and social changes that may be observed at outcome and impact levels as a result of a program/project's being implemented. Chapter 5 introduces appendix 2, which co...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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Developments in Quaternary Sciences, 2004
ABSTRACT Satellite images provide unique means of identifying large scale flow-generated lineatio... more ABSTRACT Satellite images provide unique means of identifying large scale flow-generated lineations produced by former ice sheets. They can be interpreted to reconstruct the major elements which make up the integrated, large scale structure of ice sheets: ice divides; ice streams; interstream ridges; ice shelves; calving bays. The evolving form of the European ice sheet during its decay after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is reconstructed by reference to these components and in the context of a new map showing isochrons of retreat. During the retreat phase in particular the time dependent dynamic evolution of the ice sheet and the pattern of ice stream development are reconstructed.Crossing lineations are widespread. The older ones are suggested to have formed during molten bed phases of ice sheet growth and preserved by frozen bed conditions during the glacial maximum, particularly in areas which lay, during deglaciation, beneath ice divides and inter-ice stream ridges. both areas of slow flow and frozen bed conditions.Four phases of growth (A1 to A4) and five phases of decay (R1 to R5) are used to describe the major climatically and dynamically determined stages in the evolution of the ice sheet through the last glacial cycle. The growth and decay patterns are quite different, and associated with major shifts in the ice divide, reflecting growth from the Fennoscandian mountains and decay away from marine influenced margins.
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Quaternary Science …, 2001
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Global and Planetary Change, 1996
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United Nations Programme on Space Applications, 1992
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Internet www.worldbank.org/rural, 2013
Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP). Road program evaluation and development of green econom... more Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP). Road program evaluation and development of green economy, community involvement, gender and socio-economics (incl. ESIA Environmental Assessment & Strategy Plans).
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Quaternary Science Reviews, 1997
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Fennia: International Journal of Geography, 2013
The glacial geomorphology of Soviet Karelia was mapped using Landsat satellite imagery. The data ... more The glacial geomorphology of Soviet Karelia was mapped using Landsat satellite imagery. The data of the multispectral scanner were processed using the photographic image enhancement and color combination technique for visual interpretation. Glaciofluvial landforms, streamlined formations, end moraines and hummocky moraine tracts were mapped, along with the type and amount of glacial erosion. As a result of the work, the glaciomorphological data were greatly increased compared with maps available earlier. The direction and strength of the glacial flow and the stages of deglaciation were interpreted on the basis of the maps compiled. Conclusions were drawn as to the thermal regime of the ice sheet and the relations between the glacial dynamics and morphology. During the Allerod Substage, the main direction of the glacial flow was from the northwest, running radially from the Scandinavian mountain range. Later, the direction shifted about 30' more to the west, with the dome be...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Field observations in Central Asia indicate that the climate has been warming and the consequence... more Field observations in Central Asia indicate that the climate has been warming and the consequences of this trend have already been observed. Disasters related to climate change destroy settlements, agricultural land, and infrastructure. Central Asian countries should therefore develop resilience and adapt to climate change. This report shows the results of the research combining field observations with sophisticated satellite-based data and created models to demonstrate the impacts of climate change on the hydrology of the Aral Sea Basin.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
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This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The purpose of this toolkit is to provide practical guidance in the monitoring and evaluation of ... more The purpose of this toolkit is to provide practical guidance in the monitoring and evaluation of the environmental and social sustainability of Agricultural and Rural Development (ARD) programs and projects. The primary audience is agriculture and rural project managers, specifically field personnel, communities, client governments, other stakeholders, and World Bank Task Teams. Chapter 2 sets out the conceptual framework by examining the sectoral context of environmental and social sustainability and the resulting implications for project preparation, appraisal and implementation. Chapter 3 takes a closer look at the Bank's M&E requirements based on the results-based framework. Chapter 4 introduces appendix 1, which contains 11 matrices of sample indicators, organized by ARD subsector, of potential environmental and social changes that may be observed at outcome and impact levels as a result of a program/project's being implemented. Chapter 5 introduces appendix 2, which co...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Pro... more This environmental assessment and management plan for the Forest Protection and Reforestation Project for Kazakhstan, which improves reforestation, forest fire management, and planting on the dry Aral seabed, and rangelands management, anticipates environmental risks and proposes measures to mitigate them. Likely impacts and compensating measures include restricting traffic to avoid erosion and formation of tracks; using seeds from nearby regions and selecting species based on botanical and soil scientific research, and correctly using fertilizers and watering, and removing dead trees to prevent pest damage; conserving the nutrient capital of sandy soils to maintain productivity; supporting natural regeneration over artificial regeneration, especially in ecological and recreational zones where possible; using hand tools and light machinery in wintertime, and generally minimizing soil disturbance to lessen damage to the topsoil; siting fire prevention lookout towers and access roads,...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Developments in Quaternary Sciences, 2004
ABSTRACT Satellite images provide unique means of identifying large scale flow-generated lineatio... more ABSTRACT Satellite images provide unique means of identifying large scale flow-generated lineations produced by former ice sheets. They can be interpreted to reconstruct the major elements which make up the integrated, large scale structure of ice sheets: ice divides; ice streams; interstream ridges; ice shelves; calving bays. The evolving form of the European ice sheet during its decay after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is reconstructed by reference to these components and in the context of a new map showing isochrons of retreat. During the retreat phase in particular the time dependent dynamic evolution of the ice sheet and the pattern of ice stream development are reconstructed.Crossing lineations are widespread. The older ones are suggested to have formed during molten bed phases of ice sheet growth and preserved by frozen bed conditions during the glacial maximum, particularly in areas which lay, during deglaciation, beneath ice divides and inter-ice stream ridges. both areas of slow flow and frozen bed conditions.Four phases of growth (A1 to A4) and five phases of decay (R1 to R5) are used to describe the major climatically and dynamically determined stages in the evolution of the ice sheet through the last glacial cycle. The growth and decay patterns are quite different, and associated with major shifts in the ice divide, reflecting growth from the Fennoscandian mountains and decay away from marine influenced margins.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Quaternary Science …, 2001
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Global and Planetary Change, 1996
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact