Basavaraj Madhusudhan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Basavaraj Madhusudhan

Starch-starke, 1995

A range of starch granule populations varying in size and shape characteristics was isolated from... more A range of starch granule populations varying in size and shape characteristics was isolated from greengram (CG) and Bengalgram (BG) flours. All the starches were non‐ionic and exhibited single state swelling with hihg solubility in water, but extensive solubility in DMSO. The starch content of the different populations varied from 40‐80%, whereas the protein and lipid contents of the isolates I to III were lower than those of the isolate IV. Their amylose content ranged between 32‐46%. Brabender viscograms indicated low values for peak and setback viscosities in the case of BG starch compared to GG starch. Fatty acid analysis of the lipid fractions indicated predominance of palmitic acid. GG starch exhibited a slightly higher in vitro digestibility than BG starch.

$Research paper thumbnail of Legume and cereal starches - why differences in digestibility? III. Structural studies of linear and branched fractions of chickpea and finger millet starches$

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, Mar 1, 2016

Folic acid is used for preventing and treating multiple diseases and disorders, administered in t... more Folic acid is used for preventing and treating multiple diseases and disorders, administered in the form of oral supplements. The present research work was aimed to study the influence of two non-ionic surfactants Poloxamer and Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80) on pectin submicrospheres formulations. Typical natural polymer pectin was used to encapsulate folic acid by cross linking method. The resultant submicrospheres contributed to improve the aqueous solubility to enhance the bioavailability of folic acid. During investigation, it was observed that pectin polymers influenced kinetics of the rate of reaction more intensively than the surfactants. The physical phenomenon caused the change in their size, shape and chemistry of pectin polymers transforming into submicrospheres in aqueous condition. The characteristic differences of submicrospheres were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy. The average diameters of the submicrospheres ranged between 250 and 500 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of submicrospheres ranged between 80 and 96 %. The characteristic swelling behavior of lyophilized submicrospheres was influenced by the ratio of pectin polymers and folic acid used in the formulations. The submicrospheres systems exhibited controlled release of folic acid due to the pH-dependent solubility of pectin polymers in aqueous medium. The submicrospheres showed good haemocompatibility suggesting them to be promising candidates for oral delivery.

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, Sep 1, 2007

Antioxidant property of flaxseed chutney was evident by decreasing lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and... more Antioxidant property of flaxseed chutney was evident by decreasing lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and predictor enzyme J-glutamyl transpeptidase profile and micronuclei formation in azoxymethane treated rats. After 10 weeks, rats fed with either fiber-free basal diet or Antioxidant diet exhibited over sevenfold increase in J-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and nearly fourfold increase in micronuclei load in comparison to controls (p<0.001). A significant reduction in both J-glutamyl transpeptidase level (52%) and micronuclei formation (47%) was observed in fiber-free basal diet / Antioxidant diet / flaxseed chutney diet fed rats. Relative to rats fed fiber-free basal diet, the profile of J-glutamyl transpeptidase and micronuclei load was not significantly altered.

Pure and Applied Chemistry, Aug 27, 2011

In this study, tamoxifen citrate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (tamoxcL-ChtNPs) and tamoxifen cit... more In this study, tamoxifen citrate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (tamoxcL-ChtNPs) and tamoxifen citrate-free chitosan nanoparticles (tamoxcF-ChtNPs) were prepared by an ionic gelation (IG) method. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed for particle size, zeta (ζ) potential, and other characteristics using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), zeta phase analysis light scattering (PALS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The variation in particle size was assessed by changing the concentration of chitosan, pentasodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), and the pH of the solution. The optimized tamoxcL-ChtNPs showed mean diameter of 187 nm, polydispersity of 0.125, and ζ-potential of +19.1 mV. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of tamoxifen citrate (tamoxc) increased at higher concentrations, and release of tamoxc from the chitosan matrix displayed controlled biphasic behavior. Those tamoxcL-ChtNPs tested for chemosensitivity showed dose-and time-dependent antiproliferative activity of tamoxc. Further, tamoxcL-ChtNPs were found to be hemocompatible with human red blood cells (RBCs) and safe by in vitro cytotoxicity tests, suggesting that they offer promise as drug delivery systems in therapy.

Current Nanoscience, Apr 1, 2013

Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, Jun 1, 2000

A dry mechanical process was evaluated for obtaining a hull-rich fraction from yaxseed. Flaxseed ... more A dry mechanical process was evaluated for obtaining a hull-rich fraction from yaxseed. Flaxseed hulls (seed coats) are an excellent source of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), a lignan with potential functional food applications, but yaxseed hulls adhere tightly to the embryo, making separation dizcult. A Comitrol processor was used to mill the seed, followed by sieving and aspiration to obtain a hull-rich fraction from Neche and Omega yaxseed cultivars. As a result, the content of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (nonfat, dry basis) increased from 12.9 and 14.3 g/kg in whole Neche and Omega seed, respectively, to 27.6 and 23.8 g/kg (weighted averages) in the hull-rich fractions. The signixcant (P(0.0005) inverse correlation between oil and SDG contents for cv. Neche suggests that oil content in dry-milled fractions is a useful indicator of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside content. Compared to similar reported processes, this was less ewective at producing a hull-free embryo, but the Neche hull fraction contained much less fat (173 g/kg weighted average) than the other processes. The hull fraction appears to be a good source of SDG for functional food studies.

Journal of Biomaterials Applications, Sep 25, 2016

The optimization of tamoxifen citrate entrapment and its release from biodegradable poly(d,l) lac... more The optimization of tamoxifen citrate entrapment and its release from biodegradable poly(d,l) lactic acid nanoparticles are prepared by modified spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion method. Since the addition of tamoxifen citrate induces the formation of drug crystals from nanoparticle suspension the influence of several parameters on tamoxifen citrate encapsulation was investigated. In vitro studies for cytotoxicity, DNA ladder, and the expression of Bcl-2–Bax expression were also investigated for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells after the addition of tamoxifen citrate alone and tamoxifen citrate–poly(d,l) lactic acid–nanoparticles (encapsulated tamoxifen citrate). From results, it was noticed that the size and zeta potential of the drug loaded nanoparticles were not differed much in their physicochemical properties from drug free counterparts. The drug-loaded and drug-free nanoparticles exhibited size of in between 271.4 and 282.7 nm and zeta potential of −34 to −27.4 mV, respectively. There was significant increase in drug incorporation in the particles noticed in dichloromethane + methanol system in comparison to acetone + methanol and ethyl acetate + methanol systems. The drug was partly released from the nanoparticles after 48 h of incubation at 37℃. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry data demonstrated drug–polymer characteristics within the nanoparticles and unincorporated drug that appeared in the form of crystals from polarized microscopic study. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were more sensitive to tamoxifen citrate–poly(d,l) lactic acid–nanoparticles than tamoxifen citrate alone. DNA ladder and the expression of Bax to Bcl-2 ratio were much higher in tamoxifen citrate encapsulated in nanoparticles than that in tamoxifen citrate alone. These results demonstrated the feasibility of encapsulation of tamoxifen citrate and its enhanced efficiency in vitro and in vivo studies.

Carbohydrate Polymers, 1995

Starches were isolated from rice and ragi (finger millet) flours and studied for their physicoche... more Starches were isolated from rice and ragi (finger millet) flours and studied for their physicochemical and digestibility properties. Both the starches were poorly birefringent and non-ionic in nature. They exhibited single stage swelling and low solubility in water and showed ~100% (for rice) and ~65% (for ragi) solubility in DMSO after 60 h. Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of fatty

$Research paper thumbnail of Structural studies of linear and branched fractions of chickpea and finger millet starches$

Carbohydrate Research, Apr 1, 1996

Structural studies using beta-amylase and pullulanase were carried out to explain at a molecular ... more Structural studies using beta-amylase and pullulanase were carried out to explain at a molecular level the differences in the digestibility of legume (chickpea, Bengal gram, BG) and cereal (finger millet, ragi, Rg) starches. In vitro, BG starch was less digestible (∼45%) with glucoamylase than the Rg starch (&amp;gt;70%). Of the various fractionation methods employed, concanavalin A precipitation gave pure amylopectin

Clinica Chimica Acta, Nov 1, 2006

South Asians, especially Indians show increased risk for atherosclerosis and have the higher mort... more South Asians, especially Indians show increased risk for atherosclerosis and have the higher mortality rates due to coronary artery disease. The increasing incidence of coronary artery disease in young patients is possibly due to industrialization, stress of life, less exercise and increasing incidence of smoking and other factors. We attempted to determine an independent association of paraoxonase with coronary artery disease in young patients. The lipid profile and serum paraoxonase were investigated in 120 angiographically-proven premature coronary artery disease patients (99 males and 21 females, all &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;45 years) with diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension along with 50 (41 male and 9 female) normal subjects and compared. A significant increase was observed in the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol in premature coronary artery disease patients. The activities of paraoxonase and HDL cholesterol concentrations decreased in coronary artery disease patients compared to control subjects. A paraoxonase was an independent (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001, OR 14.9 and 95% CI 5.6-35.9) risk factor for premature coronary artery disease patients along with lipid profiles. Paraoxonase activity should be evaluated in all coronary artery disease patients in the absence of traditional risk factors.

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,. BANGALORE, KARNATAKA. ANNEXURE-II. PROFORMA ... Int ... more RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,. BANGALORE, KARNATAKA. ANNEXURE-II. PROFORMA ... Int J Pharm 2009;374:106-13. 10. Godse V, Deodhar MN, Bhosale AV, Sonawane RA, Sakapal PS, Borkar DD. A ...

International journal of pharma and bio sciences, Jan 20, 2017

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019

In continuation with our previous study, this experiment was carried out to determine the effect ... more In continuation with our previous study, this experiment was carried out to determine the effect of the transferosome (TRF) loaded with flaxseed lignans concentrate on the lifespan and oxidative status of C. elegans under induction of oxidative stress by H2O2. Transfersomal formulation prepared using bio surfactant sophorolipid and transferosomes were tagged with FITC to confirm the penetration through nematode cuticle hypothesis was tested. Lifespan was determined by counting the number of surviving nematodes daily under a Lumascope microscope after treatment with TRF. The evaluated aging oxidative markers included lipofuscin, which was measured using a fluorescent microscope. In our study, 0.2 mg/ml TRF was found to be the optimum concentration to increase the mean lifespan of C. elegans, t he accumulation of the age marker lipofuscin, which increased with hydrogen peroxide exposure, was de creased with upon treatment with TRF. The TRF enhanced the lifespan C. elegans and reduced the accu ulation of lipofuscin trend remains matches with the non-encapsulated flaxseed lignans concentrate. Further, study confirms that possibility of penetration of FITC tagged transfersomes via cuticle of nematode was confirmed by imaging.

Legume's and cereals contribute a major share of both available and unavailable carbohydrates... more Legume's and cereals contribute a major share of both available and unavailable carbohydrates in any vegetarian diet. Among these, starch is the principle dietary carbohydrate (65-78% in cereals and 55-65% in legumes), and depending upon the source the isolated starch exhibits varied physicochemical and functionality characteristics. It is known from earlier studies that the digestibility of legume starches, both in terms of absolute amount digested and also the rate at which it is hydrolysed, is lower (-65%) than that of cereal starches (>85%), whether in the native or gelatinized form, and that high consumption of legume-based foods leads to flatulence and other physiological discomforts. The various factors which affect starch digestibility in general, are the amylose content, starchprotein and starch-lipid interactions, extent of gelatinization and of retrogradation, shape and size (morphology) characteristics of granules and the presence or absence of any amylase inhibitors. Most commonly, the amylose content of cereal starches is 20-25% and of legume starches is -30-40%, while the remainder is due to amylopectin and other (starch) glucan fractions, if any. Thus, the overall differences in the in vitro digestibility values are primarily attributable to the nature and composition of starch per se. As there were no precise scientific data available to explain, at a molecular level,the digestibility differences, an attempt was made in the present investigation to look into these aspects more carefully. Essentially, several debranching enzymes and SE-HPLC and GPC techniques were used to elucidate the subtle structural differences between the legume [Bengalgram (Cicer arietinum) and greengram (Phaseolus aureus)] and cereal rice,(Oryza sativa) and ragi (Eleucine coracana) starch fractions (amylose and amylopectin). It was shown that the DP/CL as well as the molecular weight values of these fractions differed significantly and thus formed a molecular basis to explain the in vitro digestibility differences.

Iet Nanobiotechnology, Jan 11, 2017

Poly‐methyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer with remarkable properties and merits are being preferred... more Poly‐methyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer with remarkable properties and merits are being preferred in various biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, non‐toxicity and cost effectiveness. In this investigation, oxytetracycline‐loaded PMMA nanoparticles were prepared using nano‐precipitation method for the treatment of anaplasmosis. The prepared nanoparticles were characterised using dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The mean average diameter of the nanoparticles ranged between 190–240 nm and zeta potential was found to be −19 mV. The drug loading capacity and entrapment efficiency of nanoparticles was found varied between 33.7–62.2% and 40.5–60.0%. The in vitro drug release profile exhibited a biphasic phenomenon indicating controlled drug release. The uptake of coumarin‐6(C‐6)‐loaded PMMA nanoparticles in Plasmodium falciparum (Pf 3D7) culture model was studied. The preferential uptake of C‐6‐loaded nanoparticles by the Plasmodium infected erythrocytes in comparison with the uninfected erythrocytes was observed under fluorescence microscopy. These findings suggest that oxytetracycline‐loaded PMMA nanoparticles were found to be an effective oral delivery vehicle and an alternative pharmaceutical formulation in anaplasmosis treatment, too.

AMB Express, Aug 10, 2018

The awareness regarding use of probiotics for health benefits has created a huge market worldwide... more The awareness regarding use of probiotics for health benefits has created a huge market worldwide. The use of probiotic cultures and its success in commercial scale is relying on the techniques employed to ensure that the potential cultures with desired functional activity are stable and viable for longer period. The present study was undertaken to statistically evaluate the effect of lyoprotectant in the suspension media containing sucrose and reconstituted skim milk on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus strains. The central composite rotatable design of response surface methodology was used in evaluating the survival rate and viability even after 24 months' storage of three different lyophilized strains of L. acidophilus. We also determined the exclusive use of lyoprotectant on the survival of the lyophilized strains throughout the study period without altering any of the culture conditions. The most conspicuous result to emerge from the data is that the suspension medium composed of minimal amount of sucrose (~ 1.2%) in the reconstituted skim milk (6%) was evident in maintaining a higher survival rate of lyophilized culture during 2-year storage. From this investigation, the optimized suspension media used to obtain the lyophilized concentrate of L. acidophilus could be recommended in designing dietary supplement with minimal modification for industrial application. This might reduce the manufacturing cost as well as storage loss occurring both in pharma and food sector.

Iet Nanobiotechnology, Jan 13, 2017

Atorvastatin known to be a potential inhibitor of HMG‐CoA reductase involved in the synthesis of ... more Atorvastatin known to be a potential inhibitor of HMG‐CoA reductase involved in the synthesis of cholesterol. It is touted as miracle drug due to its profound effect in decreasing the low‐density lipoproteins in blood. Unfortunately, the high dosage used poses side‐effects relatively in comparison to other statins. On the other hand, curcumin has a diverse therapeutic potential in health and disease. However, the poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability hinders the therapeutic potential of it when administrated orally. Therefore, it was thought to minimise the frequency of atorvastatin doses to avoid the possibility of drug resistance and also to overcome the limitations of curcumin for desirable therapeutic effects by using nanocarriers in drug delivery. In this investigation, synergistic effect of atorvastatin and curcumin nanocarriers was encapsulated by chitosan polymer. The chitosan nanocarriers prepared by ionic gelation method were characterised for their particle size, zeta potential, and other parameters. The drug‐loaded nanocarriers exhibited good encapsulation efficiency (74.25%) and showed a slow and sustained release of atorvastatin and curcumin 60.36 and 61.44%, respectively, in a span of 48 h. The drug‐loaded nanocarriers found to be haemocompatible and qualified for drug delivery in atherosclerosis.

International Journal of Advanced Research

Biomedical Research and Clinical Practice, 2017

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease complicated by progressively increasing atheroscleroti... more Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease complicated by progressively increasing atherosclerotic plaques in the arterial walls. The life-threatening syndrome adversely affects the arterial blood vessels in response to chronic inflammatory signaling of white blood cells in the walls of arteries to form multiple atheromatous plaques. To date, several methods of identification of high-risk atherosclerotic invasive and noninvasive plaque imaging modalities and biomarkers in high-risk patients is warranted. Intracoronary imaging strategies for confirmation of plaque existence and characteristics are detectable in humans. More recently, computed tomography (CT) or electron beam tomography (EBT) and gray-scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging are used to visualize the external elastic lamina of the vessel wall to determine the vessel size, plaque components and morphology in comparison to angiography. Further, the beneficial effects of radiofrequency (RF) analysis of the ultrasonic signal (RF-IVUS) would be helpful to distinguish the nature of composition among fibrotic plaque and fibro-calcific plaque of thick-cap fibro-atheroma (TCFA) in vulnerable plaques of atherosclerosis. Akin to pharmaceuticals, functional foods can also be used to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the beneficial effects dietary flaxseed on the regression of atherosclerotic plaques or the resolution of cholesterol-induced vascular contractile dysfunction has been well documented.