Mahmud Fotuhi-firuzabad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mahmud Fotuhi-firuzabad

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2021

The concept of flexibility is defined as the power systems' ability to effectively respond to cha... more The concept of flexibility is defined as the power systems' ability to effectively respond to changes in power generation and demand profiles to maintain the supply-demand balance. However, the inherent flexibility margins required for successful operation have been recently challenged by the unprecedented arrival of uncertainties, driven by constantly changing demand, failure of conventional units, and the intermittent outputs of renewable energy sources (RES). Tackling these challenges, energy storage systems (ESS) as one important player of the new power grids can enhance the system flexibility. It, therefore, calls for an efficient planning procedure to ensure flexibility margins by considering ESS's role in modern power systems. This paper proposes a novel mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for transmission expansion planning (TEP) framework taking into account the role of compressed air energy storage (CAES) integration on improvements in system flexibility. The proposed framework is housed with a quantitative metric of gridscale system flexibility, while a new offline repetitive mechanism is suggested to account for the N − 1 reliability criterion. The model is applied to different test systems, where the numerical results demonstrate the impacts of CAES units on system flexibility, investment plans, and the total costs. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The capability of electric vehicles (EVs) in injecting the stored power back into power system ha... more The capability of electric vehicles (EVs) in injecting the stored power back into power system has caused a new paradigm shift in the area of electricity storage. Anyhow, this paradigm has not yet been furnished with comprehensive technical and financial studies. This paper proposes an analytical approach for adequacy studies of distribution networks in presence of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) programs offered by parking decks. In this regard, a multistate model is extracted for assistance of EVs parked in the parking to be utilized in emergency conditions. Both of EVs characteristics and driving behaviours are considered in obtaining the assistance model of parking decks. Afterwards, reliability studies of distribution systems has been revisited taking into account this new auxiliary unit. The numerical results of this paper demonstrates the abilities of the proposed method in assessing the potential capacity of EVs in improving the reliability level of distribution systems.

2016 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS), 2016

This paper presents a new framework for evaluating contribution of wind farms in operational reli... more This paper presents a new framework for evaluating contribution of wind farms in operational reliability level of power systems. In this regard, at first, it provides a short-term analytical model well designed to represent intermittent and uncertain nature of wind power. Combining the attained multi-state model of wind farms with the other committed generating units, operational risk of the system is evaluated. The concept of Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM), previously developed to assess the short-term/mid-term reliability of conventional generating units, is revisited in this paper to more practically incorporate wind farms in reliability studies of the power system. The proposed algorithm is implemented on the IEEE-RTS to investigate its effectiveness.

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2020

In recent years, increased integration of renewable energy sources (RES) calls for extensive and ... more In recent years, increased integration of renewable energy sources (RES) calls for extensive and costly investments in transmission networks. In response, power system decisionmakers try to apply alternative solutions aimed to decrease the imposed investment costs. In this context, the presence of large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) in transmission network can be a practical option for deferring investment in expansion plans of transmission lines, alleviating system congestions, and attaining higher flexibility. In this paper, an efficient model is proposed for co-planning expansion studies of compressed air energy storage (CAES) units and transmission networks. The associated optimisation formulation of co-planning problem is expressed as a MILP model, which can be efficiently solved. The proposed model is applied on the Garver as well as RTS test systems and N-1 criterion is considered to address the system reliability performance in expansion studies. The results demonstrate that the proposed co-planning framework has a superior performance in expansion plans of transmission systems. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2020 IEEE/IAS 56th Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (I&CPS), 2020

Industrial loads play an important role in the success of demand response programs (DRPs). Howeve... more Industrial loads play an important role in the success of demand response programs (DRPs). However, these programs may lead to consumers' inconvenience which can overshadow their practicality. In response, this paper provides a two-level decision-making tree approach to effectively determine the participation abilities of different industrial processes in DRPs considering various features and abilities of these customers. The first level of this framework introduces some classifying variables by which a basic criterion is extracted to classify different industrial processes applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A participation factor is then introduced in level II of the suggested decision tree to estimate the level of participation for different classes attained in Level I. Finally, a desirability coefficient is formulated, offering the system operators an efficient indicator to verify the attractiveness of different incentive-based programs in the viewpoint of industrial customers. Implementing the presented framework on industrial customers of a region in Iran, it is shown that applying this method lends the decision-makers a hand in practically and effectively introduce DRPs for industrial customers.

CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal, 2017

This paper develops an energy management framework for a large number of V2G-capable EVs parked a... more This paper develops an energy management framework for a large number of V2G-capable EVs parked at a parking lot, which its main objective is to maximize the parking lot operator's total profit from electricity sales. Meanwhile, besides completely fulfilling the energy requirements of EV owners, the proposed method considers the operational requirements of the power grid. In this regard, the authors first propose an electrical energy exchange model in which the parking lot operator purchases electrical energy directly from the wholesale market and stores it in the batteries of EVs and feeds part of this stored energy back into the grid through V2G capability during some specific time periods. After that, based on the presented energy exchange model, a linear optimization framework involving the necessary financial considerations is proposed for the energy management problem. Finally, numerical studies are carried out to show the efficiency of the proposed energy management method from the viewpoints of different players.

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2019

This paper provides a new multi-objective (MO) framework for expansion studies of energy storage ... more This paper provides a new multi-objective (MO) framework for expansion studies of energy storage systems (ESSs) in high wind penetrated power system. The proposed approach well considers the issues originated from the wind power curtailment via introducing expected of wind curtailment cost as an objective function of the studies. All other imposed costs of installing storage units are modeled as expected of total social cost. Also, the effect of uncertainties is modeled through an internal scenario analysis. In this regard, two criteria including maximum regrets of wind curtailment cost and total social cost are considered as the other objectives of the proposed MO optimization procedure. These all the crucial and maybe contradictory aspects of the ESSs expansion problem are treated via a Posteriori MO optimization algorithm, i.e. the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). The proposed methodology is implemented on the modified IEEE 24-bus test system and its anticipated applicability is well verified. Among all energy storage technologies, pumped hydro energy

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2018

Optimal placement of switches can play a key role in providing resilience to power distribution s... more Optimal placement of switches can play a key role in providing resilience to power distribution systems against major faults caused by natural disasters. This study presents a resilience-based framework for optimal switch placement in distribution systems being consistent with the expansion plans of distributed generation units. At first, the impact of hurricanes on distribution system components is modelled using the geographic information system of distribution grid and the strength of components against extreme weather-related events. Then, a new resiliency index is proposed to assess the resilience of distribution grids. This index is involved in a mathematical model of the switch placement problem and the obtained formulation is modelled as a mixed integer linear programming optimisation problem. The presented framework is implemented on two test systems, i.e. an illustrative test system and Bus 4 of the Roy Billinton test system. The results prove the effectiveness of this approach to improving the resiliency of distribution systems. D, N − 2 ratio of supplied load in different load points of islanding area located in downstream of lth faulted feeder section

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2017

Symbols ch,dch Charge and discharge. Moein Moeini-Aghtaie (M'15) received the M.Sc. and Ph.D.

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2016

This paper concentrates on degradation of Electric vehicle (EV) lithium-ion batteries in vehicle-... more This paper concentrates on degradation of Electric vehicle (EV) lithium-ion batteries in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) programs and proposes a practical wear cost model for EVs charge scheduling applications. As the first step, all the factors affecting the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries are identified and their impacts on degradation process are investigated. Subsequently, a general model for battery loss of cycle life is devised incorporating all the pertinent factors associated with charging and discharging activities in V2G applications. Modeling the battery wear cost as a series of equal-payments over the cycle life, a mechanism for calculating the cost incurred by EV users due to participation in V2G programs is developed. Taking into account the developed battery degradation cost model, EVs charge scheduling problem is revisited and it is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. As the actual battery degradation cost and adopted charging strategy are mutually dependent, a novel iterative method is proposed to efficiently obtain the optimal solution to charge scheduling problem and calculate the associated wear price. Several case studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method in integrating the degradation cost of lithium-ion batteries into charge scheduling of V2G-capable EVs. Index Terms-Battery degradation, charge scheduling, depth of discharge (DOD), lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, vehicle-to-grid (V2G). NOMENCLATURE Indices and Sets i Index of discharge-charge cycle number. , t T Index and set of charging period time slots. Parameters and Constants w K Battery global wear coefficient. c Scaling factor of battery wear during driving. CC Capital cost of the battery. SV Salvation value of the battery. ddr k Daily discount rate. ch dch , Charging/discharging efficiencies.

IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2016

This paper proposes a hierarchical outage management scheme to enhance the resilience of a smart ... more This paper proposes a hierarchical outage management scheme to enhance the resilience of a smart distribution system comprised of multi-microgrids against unexpected disaster events. In this regard, after identifying the main features and requirements for a resilient outage management scheme, an appropriate framework is devised and the roles and tasks of different management entities in a multi-microgrids system are introduced. Based on this framework, the microgrids schedule their available resources in the first stage using a novel model predictive control-based algorithm. In the second stage, distribution system operator coordinates the possible power transfers among the microgrids and utilizes the unused capacities of microgrids' resources for feeding the unserved loads in stage I. The general optimization model that needs to be run is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem and a novel index is presented to quantify the performance of the proposed method. The developed scheme is implemented on a test system and its effectiveness in confronting with different outage events is demonstrated through realistic case studies.

IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe, 2014

In this paper, a new method for designing procedure of Reward-Penalty Scheme (RPS) in distributio... more In this paper, a new method for designing procedure of Reward-Penalty Scheme (RPS) in distribution system is proposed. Being fair and adoptable in viewpoint of distribution companies (DisCos) are main superiorities of the proposed RPS. Established based on concept of the Yardstick theory, its application can ensure regulators that a perfect competition will be created between DisCos to improve the service reliability. Also, such a regulation scheme can be a key for power system decision makers in order to prevent the DisCos from decreasing service reliability. Aimed to reach a fair mechanism, the proposed RPS rewards/penalizes the DisCos only compared with the other ones owning similar conditions. In this regard, Fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering technique is applied to effectively categorize the similar DisCos into different groups. The average system reliability indices, i.e. System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) are chosen as the comparison criteria in the proposed RPS. In order to illustrate efficiency of the proposed method, the proposed RPS is implemented on the Iranian electric power distribution sector to compare the abilities of different companies in reaching the predetermined goals.

2015 23rd Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering, 2015

This paper investigates the optimal scheduling problem of available energies in a microgrid durin... more This paper investigates the optimal scheduling problem of available energies in a microgrid during islanding periods. Since in many occasions, the islanded duration of microgrids cannot be determined with certainty, the scheduling problem of these systems has been considered as a challengeable task in viewpoint of microgrids operators. In response to this issue, a stochastic model is developed for scheduling of a typical microgrid comprised of conventional and renewable distributed generators (DGs), energy storage systems (ESSs) as well as critical and flexible loads. The associated optimization model of this problem has been formulated as a linear programming (LP) problem. Objective function of this problem is to minimize the expected value of an isolated microgrid total operation cost, which includes the generation cost of local resources and the cost that should be paid to the curtailed loads. Various aspects of proposed model are studied through application to a test microgrid. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in enhancing the robustness of the obtained schedule against uncertainties related to islanding duration of the microgrid. It also demonstrates the benefits it will bring to both customers and distribution system operators when sufficient data are not available.

2014 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS), 2014

Trying to find the most efficient and cost-effective decisions on the maintenance of different co... more Trying to find the most efficient and cost-effective decisions on the maintenance of different component types in power distribution systems is an increasingly challenging concern largely driven by the current financial constraints in distribution utilities worldwide. In regard to deal with this challenge, the paper presents a practical application of the Delphi method and the Modified Analytical Hierarchical Process (MAHP) that can be used to find the most critical component types of the system in order to assist in accordingly allocating the available maintenance budget. The proposed approach involves the experience and knowledge held by experts and the historical empirical performance data in the utility data management systems to create the associated decisions. The approach has been applied in the Alborz Distribution System in Tehran, Iran. The results obtained and the lessons learned are reported in detail.

18th Electric Power Distribution Conference, 2013

ABSTRACT Demand response (DR) as a state-of-the-art program is accommodated in the energy efficie... more ABSTRACT Demand response (DR) as a state-of-the-art program is accommodated in the energy efficiency contexts of the smart grid. Lack of the customer knowledge about how to respond to the time-differentiated tariffs and offered controlling signals is the major obstacle in the way of broad DR implementing. As a solution, an optimization method, namely load control (LC), is proposed to automatically control the on/off status of the responsive appliances in a smart home. This paper focuses on the direct load control (DLC) program in the category of incentive-based DR programs. LC is extended to consider inconvenience cost of the DLC implementation for DLC program participants. Outputs of the extended LC would be an advice for the customer to determine whether it is financially profitable to participate in the offered DLC program or not. Numerical studies are effectuated to investigate different features of the LC and DLC program.

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015

Owing to wind power inherent characteristics and technical constraints of power systems operation... more Owing to wind power inherent characteristics and technical constraints of power systems operation, a considerable amount of wind energy cannot be delivered to load centers and gets curtailed. Transmission congestion together with temporal mismatch between load and available wind power can be accounted as the main reasons for this unpleasant event. This paper aims to concentrate on the wind energy curtailment for which it provides a combinatorial planning model to maximize wind power utilization. Jointly operating the wind power generation system with pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), the planning procedure tries to reach schemes with the minimum level of wind energy curtailment as well as low imposed cost of transmission network reinforcement. In this regard, a well-organized posterior multi-objective (MO) optimization framework is proposed aimed to properly deal with wind energy curtailment cost, total social cost, and also storage units' revenue as some unavoidable factors in planning studies of power systems. The presented method is conducted on the modified IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS) and the obtained results introduce its applicability and efficiency in planning procedure of the renewable-based power systems. Index Terms-Multi-objective (MO) optimization, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II), pumped hydro energy storage (PHES), transmission reinforcement, wind energy curtailment, wind farms. NOMENCLATURE Variables Total congestion cost .

IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2015

This paper develops a new framework to coordinate the charging process of plug-in hybrid electric... more This paper develops a new framework to coordinate the charging process of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the context of energy hubs. Attempts are focused not only on the impact evaluation of PHEVs on the system technical performance, but also customers' preferences on the charging patterns. PHEVs coordinator agent (PCA) is proposed to run a multiobjective optimization (MO) framework for the optimal charging patterns of PHEVs from the vehicle owners' and system operator's viewpoint. Wind energy utilization for PHEVs charging, energy costs at the hub input layer, and customers' convenience are all taken into account as the optimization objectives. Due to its promising performance in dealing with MO problems, the multiobjective particle swarm optimization method is employed to evaluate the optimization problem. The 2-point estimation method is used to model the existence uncertainties. The proposed framework is applied to the modified IEEE 34-node test system, and the obtained results demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed approach in real-world scenarios.

2013 21st Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2013

ABSTRACT The penetration of wind energy in power systems has been growing due to its interminable... more ABSTRACT The penetration of wind energy in power systems has been growing due to its interminable and mild environmental effects. The intrinsic attributes of this environmentally-friendly energy, i.e., the stochastic nature of wind farms generation, however, imposes various technical and financial challenges into power systems. So, developing an accurate wind farm modeling approach aimed at taking into account the wind generation intermittency can relieve many of these challenges. Therefore, this paper takes a step to an efficient wind farm modeling procedure employing an accurate as well as well-known Neural Network (NN)-based tool. The proposed approach is comprised of two main steps. The wind speed is predicted in the first step by the time-series NN method. It then continues in the second step with extracting the predicted wind farm outputs and representing the wind farms generation via a multistate model. To this end, an efficient clustering method, i.e., the Fuzzy c-means Clustering Method (FCM) is employed to find the optimal states. Having applied the proposed approach on the case studies, it will confirm that the proposed analytical multistate model can efficiently consider the wind farms output uncertainties in various studies like the conventional units with less computational burden.

IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2012

Abstract This study presents a comprehensive control framework to ensure desired loading margin (... more Abstract This study presents a comprehensive control framework to ensure desired loading margin (LM) while minimising the corresponding control cost. The proposed framework is divided into corrective control (CC) and preventive control (PC) subproblems. The CC subproblem deals with the condition that a power system encounters voltage instability as a result of severe contingencies. This control is merely devised to restore system stability. The PC subproblem is brought up when the system operates in a stable region but its LM is ...