Mahmoud Maje - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mahmoud Maje

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 2013

Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The prevalence of s... more Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The prevalence of smoking is higher in people infected with HIV than in the general population. Although it is biologically plausible that smoking increases the morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV/AIDS, few studies in developing countries have analyzed the determinants and consequences of smoking in HIV infected people. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of smoking and identify the socioeconomic factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation in patients with HIV by sex. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with baseline data, obtained from an ongoing prospective cohort study of patients with HIV attending two referral centers in Recife, Northeast Region of Brazil, between July 2007 and October 2009. Results: The prevalence of current smoking was 28.9%. For both sexes, smoking was independently associated with heavy alcohol drinking and marijuana use. Among women, smoking w...

International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health, 2022

Background and Introduction: COVID-19 has affected almost 180 million people around the world, ca... more Background and Introduction: COVID-19 has affected almost 180 million people around the world, causing the death of about 5 million persons, as of November 16, 2021. The disease presents with a plethora of pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms of varying severity. After an exhaustive review of the literature, we found no data on the mild and moderate COVID-19 disease phenotypes in Northern Nigeria. Our objective is to describe the clinical characteristics of non-severe COVID -19 disease phenotypes in Kano State. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study at the COVID-19 Isolation Center of Muhammad Buhari Specialist Hospital Kano, Nigeria. We included all patients admitted from May 2020 to December 2020. Patients’ medical records were assessed and evaluated to describe the clinical characteristics at presentation. We explored time to discharge between patients aged ≤ 50 years old versus those >50. We applied the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator to generate cumulative proba...

International Journal of Recent Innovations in Academic Research, 2019

Introduction: Malnutrition is still a serious Global Public Health Challenge, especially in South... more Introduction: Malnutrition is still a serious Global Public Health Challenge, especially in South Asia and Sub-Sahara Africa. It is estimated to globally contribute to more than 33 percent of all child deaths (Bain et al., 2013). About 165 million children less than five years of age were affected with under nutrition globally, which accounted for 16 percent prevalence (Ohnson, 2010; UNICEF, 2016). Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the Prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among less than 5 years patients attending Paediatrics clinic at Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital (MMSH) Kano State, Nigeria. This is as the result of the scanty information on the prevalence of the under 5 malnutrition in Kano State and its locally generalized factors associated with. Methodology: The study design was descriptive and analytical cross-sectional with participation of three hundred and sixty (360) under 5 years Paediatrics patients at MMSH, selected by convenient consecutive sampling method. Quantitative and Qualitative methods of data collection were used. Data were then coded and entered in to SPSS software for further analysis. Both bivariate and logistic Regression analysis was performed to determine the strength of associations between the respondent and the outcome variables using p-values and 95% CI. Results: Base on the study, 184(51.1%) are Male and 176(48.9%) female, the prevalence of stunting (height-forage Z score <-2), underweight (weight-forage Z score <-2) and wasting (weight-for-height Z score <-2) are 48.6%, 41.9% and 22.8% respectively. Maternal Occupation (X 2 = 36.623, P-value = 0.000), Paternal occupation (X 2 = 35.396, P-value = 0.000), Income (X 2 = 28.427, P-value = 0.000) and Decision on food items (X 2 = 0.161, Pvalue = 0.923) are all Socio economic factors associated with under nutrition. After Regression Analysis for the Socio economic factors, ₦19,001-₦59,000 ($53-$164) Income of parents was (AOR=1.920, CI=1.347-4.962, P-Value=0.046) and was the only the major predictors of Stunting with a statistical significance. Conclusion: The research shows the prevalence of malnutrition to be increasing which confirm a report by the UNICEF 2013 and FMoH 2015 that incriminates the North Western region of the country to have the prevalence of 54% stunted children followed by the North

International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health , 2022

Background and Introduction: COVID-19 has affected almost 180 million people around the world, ca... more Background and Introduction: COVID-19 has affected almost 180 million people around the world, causing the death of about 5 million persons, as of November 16, 2021. The disease presents with a plethora of pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms of varying severity. After an exhaustive review of the literature, we found no data on the mild and moderate COVID-19 disease phenotypes in Northern Nigeria. Our objective is to describe the clinical characteristics of non-severe COVID-19 disease phenotypes in Kano State. 2.1. Study Sites and Participants Kano is the commercial and largest city in Northern Nigeria and has consistently attracted Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The findings of this study have a bearing on the surveillance and diagnosis of COVID-19 in Nigeria. While the plethora of clinical features may not be limited to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, healthcare practitioners should consider these symptom clusters in addition to cognate contact and travel history when confronted with a suspected COVID-19 infection.

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2013

The increasing incidence of Candidiasis affecting the genitourinary tracts as well as the introdu... more The increasing incidence of Candidiasis affecting the genitourinary tracts as well as the introduction of new antifungal drugs has recently highlighted the need for performing fungal susceptibility tests. To determine the antifungal resistance among Candida species from the genitourinary tracts, 689 Urine and High vaginal swab (HVS) samples were collected from female patients clinically diagnosed with genitourinary tract infection between September 2011 to January 2012. The samples were inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Isolates from SDA were placed on Corn Med agar (CMA) to ensure detection of mixed cultures. Germ tube tests were performed for identification of the isolates. Susceptibility tests were carried on the isolates using broth dilution method. The occurrence rate of Candida species were as follows: Candida albicans 124 (48.4%), Candida glabrata 89 (34.8%), Candida krusei 23 (9.0%) and Candida Tropicalis 20 (7.8%). The rate of occurrence of Candida species in high vaginal swab 76 (61.3%) was significantly higher than that of urine 48 (38.7%). Distribution of Candida species among different age groups show that, the highest incidence was in age brackets 20-30 158 (61.7%), while that of 41-50 and above 8 (3.1%) had the least. High rate of susceptibility was observed for each isolate against Fluconazole 23 (65.7%) and Ketoconazole 22 (62.9%). The resistance rate was 12 (34.3%) for Fluconazole and Ketoconazole 13 (37.1%). These results incriminate C. albicansas the most common Candida species causing genitourinary tract infection in women. This surveillance study has established Fluconazole and Ketoconazole as very effective antifungal agents for the treatment of genitourinary tract infections caused by Candida species.

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 2013

Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The prevalence of s... more Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The prevalence of smoking is higher in people infected with HIV than in the general population. Although it is biologically plausible that smoking increases the morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV/AIDS, few studies in developing countries have analyzed the determinants and consequences of smoking in HIV infected people. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of smoking and identify the socioeconomic factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation in patients with HIV by sex. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with baseline data, obtained from an ongoing prospective cohort study of patients with HIV attending two referral centers in Recife, Northeast Region of Brazil, between July 2007 and October 2009. Results: The prevalence of current smoking was 28.9%. For both sexes, smoking was independently associated with heavy alcohol drinking and marijuana use. Among women, smoking w...

International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health, 2022

Background and Introduction: COVID-19 has affected almost 180 million people around the world, ca... more Background and Introduction: COVID-19 has affected almost 180 million people around the world, causing the death of about 5 million persons, as of November 16, 2021. The disease presents with a plethora of pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms of varying severity. After an exhaustive review of the literature, we found no data on the mild and moderate COVID-19 disease phenotypes in Northern Nigeria. Our objective is to describe the clinical characteristics of non-severe COVID -19 disease phenotypes in Kano State. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study at the COVID-19 Isolation Center of Muhammad Buhari Specialist Hospital Kano, Nigeria. We included all patients admitted from May 2020 to December 2020. Patients’ medical records were assessed and evaluated to describe the clinical characteristics at presentation. We explored time to discharge between patients aged ≤ 50 years old versus those >50. We applied the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator to generate cumulative proba...

International Journal of Recent Innovations in Academic Research, 2019

Introduction: Malnutrition is still a serious Global Public Health Challenge, especially in South... more Introduction: Malnutrition is still a serious Global Public Health Challenge, especially in South Asia and Sub-Sahara Africa. It is estimated to globally contribute to more than 33 percent of all child deaths (Bain et al., 2013). About 165 million children less than five years of age were affected with under nutrition globally, which accounted for 16 percent prevalence (Ohnson, 2010; UNICEF, 2016). Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the Prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among less than 5 years patients attending Paediatrics clinic at Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital (MMSH) Kano State, Nigeria. This is as the result of the scanty information on the prevalence of the under 5 malnutrition in Kano State and its locally generalized factors associated with. Methodology: The study design was descriptive and analytical cross-sectional with participation of three hundred and sixty (360) under 5 years Paediatrics patients at MMSH, selected by convenient consecutive sampling method. Quantitative and Qualitative methods of data collection were used. Data were then coded and entered in to SPSS software for further analysis. Both bivariate and logistic Regression analysis was performed to determine the strength of associations between the respondent and the outcome variables using p-values and 95% CI. Results: Base on the study, 184(51.1%) are Male and 176(48.9%) female, the prevalence of stunting (height-forage Z score <-2), underweight (weight-forage Z score <-2) and wasting (weight-for-height Z score <-2) are 48.6%, 41.9% and 22.8% respectively. Maternal Occupation (X 2 = 36.623, P-value = 0.000), Paternal occupation (X 2 = 35.396, P-value = 0.000), Income (X 2 = 28.427, P-value = 0.000) and Decision on food items (X 2 = 0.161, Pvalue = 0.923) are all Socio economic factors associated with under nutrition. After Regression Analysis for the Socio economic factors, ₦19,001-₦59,000 ($53-$164) Income of parents was (AOR=1.920, CI=1.347-4.962, P-Value=0.046) and was the only the major predictors of Stunting with a statistical significance. Conclusion: The research shows the prevalence of malnutrition to be increasing which confirm a report by the UNICEF 2013 and FMoH 2015 that incriminates the North Western region of the country to have the prevalence of 54% stunted children followed by the North

International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health , 2022

Background and Introduction: COVID-19 has affected almost 180 million people around the world, ca... more Background and Introduction: COVID-19 has affected almost 180 million people around the world, causing the death of about 5 million persons, as of November 16, 2021. The disease presents with a plethora of pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms of varying severity. After an exhaustive review of the literature, we found no data on the mild and moderate COVID-19 disease phenotypes in Northern Nigeria. Our objective is to describe the clinical characteristics of non-severe COVID-19 disease phenotypes in Kano State. 2.1. Study Sites and Participants Kano is the commercial and largest city in Northern Nigeria and has consistently attracted Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The findings of this study have a bearing on the surveillance and diagnosis of COVID-19 in Nigeria. While the plethora of clinical features may not be limited to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, healthcare practitioners should consider these symptom clusters in addition to cognate contact and travel history when confronted with a suspected COVID-19 infection.

Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2013

The increasing incidence of Candidiasis affecting the genitourinary tracts as well as the introdu... more The increasing incidence of Candidiasis affecting the genitourinary tracts as well as the introduction of new antifungal drugs has recently highlighted the need for performing fungal susceptibility tests. To determine the antifungal resistance among Candida species from the genitourinary tracts, 689 Urine and High vaginal swab (HVS) samples were collected from female patients clinically diagnosed with genitourinary tract infection between September 2011 to January 2012. The samples were inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Isolates from SDA were placed on Corn Med agar (CMA) to ensure detection of mixed cultures. Germ tube tests were performed for identification of the isolates. Susceptibility tests were carried on the isolates using broth dilution method. The occurrence rate of Candida species were as follows: Candida albicans 124 (48.4%), Candida glabrata 89 (34.8%), Candida krusei 23 (9.0%) and Candida Tropicalis 20 (7.8%). The rate of occurrence of Candida species in high vaginal swab 76 (61.3%) was significantly higher than that of urine 48 (38.7%). Distribution of Candida species among different age groups show that, the highest incidence was in age brackets 20-30 158 (61.7%), while that of 41-50 and above 8 (3.1%) had the least. High rate of susceptibility was observed for each isolate against Fluconazole 23 (65.7%) and Ketoconazole 22 (62.9%). The resistance rate was 12 (34.3%) for Fluconazole and Ketoconazole 13 (37.1%). These results incriminate C. albicansas the most common Candida species causing genitourinary tract infection in women. This surveillance study has established Fluconazole and Ketoconazole as very effective antifungal agents for the treatment of genitourinary tract infections caused by Candida species.