Mani Kandan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Mani Kandan

In this paper, a new mesh-typed NoC(Network on Chip) architecture is proposed which aims at enhan... more In this paper, a new mesh-typed NoC(Network on Chip) architecture is proposed which aims at enhancing network performance. Networks-on-Chips (NoCs) are a new design paradigm for scalable high throughput communication infrastructures, in Systems-on-Chips (SoCs) with billions of transistors. The idea of NoCs is dividing a chip into several independent clusters connected together by global communication architecture. As the number of cores integrated into System-on-Chip increases, the on-chip communication limits the performance and power consumption in current and next generation SoCs. The resultant NoC uses mesh topology along with virtual channel allocation methodology. The routing algorithm combined with mesh topology improves average latency and saturation traffic load.

This paper proposes the stable and ripple free output voltage from the design of developed Dc-Dc ... more This paper proposes the stable and ripple free output voltage from the design of developed Dc-Dc converter topology. Dc voltage provided by battery contains high voltage ripples and it is not constant enough voltage, thus it is not applicable for most devices like electric-vehicle controller, dc-chargers, etc. DcDc converters are employed to attenuate the ripples regardless of change in the load voltage. In the existing method, the classical buck converter for electric vehicle applications does not meet the load requirement containing more ripples on the output voltage and parasitic effects. To overcome this problem the advanced developed Dc-Dc luo-converter technology was introduced. luo converter is the developed converter derived from the buck-boost converter. In this proposed model the additional filter elements in the luo-converter eliminate the output ripples and effectively enhance the output voltage level. A computer simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK confirms the predicted re...

In this automation world transfer of material from one place to another at faster rate without an... more In this automation world transfer of material from one place to another at faster rate without any damage to or by product plays a important role in reducing the cycle time of a product. To achieve this different equipment’s such as conveyors, robots, AGV’s, fork trucks etc. are used. From these conveyors are the cheapest material handling equipment especially for commercial products. There are different types of conveyors available such as screw conveyor, belt conveyor, bucket elevators, chain conveyor. Based on the requirement suitable type is selected. In this research a belt conveyor is designed and fabricated as a model with 1HP electric motor in which various variable factors related to the transformation (speed, feed rate, type of product) are experimented and their results are analyzed in the Minitab analysis software to determine the optimum value of variable factor for each component. Experiments using Bajra, is carried at different belt speed 0.55, 0.91 and 0.94 m/s at di...

The reduction of NOx emissions is a main goal of the Clean Air Act Amendments because of their kn... more The reduction of NOx emissions is a main goal of the Clean Air Act Amendments because of their known role in the formation of ground-level ozone. NOx is a generic term for the nitrogen oxides that are most relevant for air pollution, namely nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These gases contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain, as well as affecting tropospheric ozone. NOx gases are usually produced from the reaction among nitrogen and oxygen during combustion of fuels, such as hydrocarbons, in air; especially at high temperatures, such as occur in car engines. The facility that can reduce NOx emissions from the combustion equipment, is using Pressure swing adsorption. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a technology used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases under pressure according to the species molecular characteristics and affinity for an adsorbent material. Specific adsorbent materials (e.g., zeolites, activated carbon, molecular sieves, etc.) ...

Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2017

Hypersaline environments provide an excellent medium for natural microbial communities which serv... more Hypersaline environments provide an excellent medium for natural microbial communities which serve as a potential source of pharmaceutical substances. Salt is widely present in the earth. Almost 73% of earth was covered with marine water which contains 2.5% of common salt. Protease enzyme activity widespread in microorganisms, plant and animals. Proteolytic enzymes used in the industrial application and bioremediation process. In recent years' new mutant's microbe resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Protease inhibitors used as potential antibiotics for controlling microbial infections. A Hypersaline environment such as salt pans and salt lakes has high salt concentration and pH. The saltpan provides a diversity of different environmental conditions of alkalinity, salinity, temperature, pH and nutrition. Halophilic organisms growing between 0.5 and 3.0 M salt concentration. Extreme environments are the best source of bioactive compound producing halophiles microbes.

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015

We report the observation of hybrid nanostructured thin-films such as diamond-like carbon (DLC) s... more We report the observation of hybrid nanostructured thin-films such as diamond-like carbon (DLC) signature on the ZnO epitaxial thin-films grown onto the device silicon/quartz substrate by reactive pulsed laser deposition (r-PLD) under the argon-oxygen (Ar|O 2) ambient at 573 K. Undoped and Carbon (C) doped epitaxial ZnO thin-film layer formation is revealed by the accelerator based ion-beam analysis (IBA) technique of resonant Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RRBS), glancing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) pattern, micro-Raman spectroscopy (µ-RS) and field-emission (F-E) studies. The RRBS and GIXRD results show the deposition of epitaxial thin-films containing C into ZnO. The µ-RS technique is a standard nondestructive tool (NDT) for the characterization of crystalline, nano-crystalline, and amorphous carbons (a-C). As grown ZnO and C-doped ZnO thin-films µ-RS result reveal the doping effect of C-impurities that appear in the form of DLC evident from Raman peaks at 1357 and 1575 cm-1 along with a wurtzite structure peak at 438 cm-1 with E 2 (h) phonon of ZnO. The electron transport F-E result shows the hybrid thin-films has high conductivity than the un-doped film. Fabricated hybrid nanostructured thin-films materials could be very useful for the emerging applications of micro-nano dosimetry.

International Journal of Scientific Reports, 2015

Background: Understanding of health seeking behaviour (HSB) is essential to provide need based he... more Background: Understanding of health seeking behaviour (HSB) is essential to provide need based health care services to the population. Many factors like sex, age, type of illness, access to services and perceived quality of the services, influences the health seeking behavior. This study assessed the HSB among rural population of a coastal area in Tamil Nadu.Methods: A community based descriptive study was done in a rural coastal area of Villupuram district in Tamil Nadu state of India. Using simple random sampling method, 559 participants were selected. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Information about socio-demographic characteristics, presence of acute or chronic illness, health care seeking behavior and reasons for non-utilization of particular health facilities etc. was obtained. Chi square test was applied to find the association of health care seeking behavior with various participant characteristics. Results: Among 559 study participants,...

International Journal of Photoenergy, 2012

Carbon-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (C:TiO2NPs) have been synthesized by ultrasonic ne... more Carbon-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (C:TiO2NPs) have been synthesized by ultrasonic nebulizer spray pyrolysis (USP) and pneumatic spray pyrolysis (PSP) techniques. HRTEM on the NPs shows difference in lattice spacing in the NP structures prepared by the two methods—2.02 Å for the USP NPs and an average of 3.74 Å for the PSP NPs. The most probable particle sizes are 3.11 nm and 5.5 nm, respectively. Raman spectroscopy supported by FTIR confirms the TiO2polymorph to be anatase with the intense phonon frequency at 153 cm−1blue-shifted from 141 cm−1ascribed to both carbon doping and particle size. A modified phonon confinement model for nanoparticles has been used to extract phonon dispersion and other parameters for anatase for the first time. Electronic measurements show “negative conductance” at some critical bias voltage, which is characteristic ofn-type conductivity in the carbon-doped TiO2NPs as confirmed by the calculated areas under theI-Vcurves, a property suited for...

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2011

Primary health care providers are in a unique position to treat the pregnant mothers for dental a... more Primary health care providers are in a unique position to treat the pregnant mothers for dental as well as general health for a healthy mother and child. Oral cavity is also subjected to reversible as well as irreversible changes due to hormonal changes during pregnancy. Perinatal mortality rates in Pakistan are more than 10-fold greater than in developed countries. It increased with the severity of periodontal disease. Patients, physicians, and dentists are cautious, often avoiding treatment of oral health issues during pregnancy. This problem is compounded by a lack of clinical guidelines for the prevention and management of common oral conditions in pregnancy. This article reviews the commonly occuring oral problems during pregnancy and their management, guidelines for prenatal counselling, dental procedures that can be carried out during pregnancy and preventive strategies that could be helpful in preventing the commonly occurring diseases such as dental caries and periodontal d...

International Journal of PIXE, 2011

Ion beam analysis (IBA) is a group of PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) techniques dedicated... more Ion beam analysis (IBA) is a group of PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) techniques dedicated to the analysis of material for geological sample of coastal sediment samples. Coastal/Beach samples collected from South East Coast of Tamilnadu were analyzed by PIXE technique and obtain the elemental composition of coastal sediments. The PIXE analysis was carried out using 1.7 MV Tandem accelerators with the energy of 2 MeV protons at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, India. The data analysis is normally done in an interactive mode of GUPIX analytical software computer code. The identified elements are present in the fingerprint X-ray spectrum in the range of ppm to ppb level. Therefore in this paper, introductory results concerning determination of concentration of chosen elements such as K , P , Ca , Ti , Fe , Cr , Co , Zn , Mn , Ni , Cu , Rb , Sr , As , Zr , Hf , Pb and Hg of coastal sediment samples from the east coast of Tamilnadu, India are presented. The validation of the technique is assessed using standard reference material (SRM) NIST 1646a estuarine sediment and the result shows the good agreement with the certified one. The results were used to assess environmental toxicity of heavy metals and radiation hazard in the study area.

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2014

h i g h l i g h t s Ag metal ion-exchanged and annealed glasses confirm the presence of nanoclust... more h i g h l i g h t s Ag metal ion-exchanged and annealed glasses confirm the presence of nanoclusters. Silver nanoclusters were studied by Raman scattering spectroscopy techniques. Sizes of Ag-nanoclusters are studied by SPR resonance of UV spectra. Depolymerization of the glass network is analyzed by Raman spectra and Raman image.

2012 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, 2012

Many machine learning algorithms rely on feature descriptors to access information about image ap... more Many machine learning algorithms rely on feature descriptors to access information about image appearance. Using an appropriate descriptor is therefore crucial for the algorithm to succeed. Although domain-and task-specific feature descriptors may result in excellent performance, they currently have to be hand-crafted, a difficult and timeconsuming process. In contrast, general-purpose descriptors (such as SIFT) are easy to apply and have proved successful for a variety of tasks, including classification, segmentation, and clustering. Unfortunately, most general-purpose feature descriptors are targeted at natural images and may perform poorly in document analysis tasks. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically learning feature descriptors tuned to a given image domain. The method works by first extracting the independent components of the images, and then building a descriptor by pooling these components over multiple overlapping regions. We test the proposed method on several document analysis tasks and several datasets, and show that it outperforms existing general-purpose feature descriptors.

Surface Review and Letters, 2014

Various rare earth oxide nanostructures were synthesized for the first time by dual-double pulsed... more Various rare earth oxide nanostructures were synthesized for the first time by dual-double pulsed gas feeding/pulsed laser deposition. The optically transparent and insulating nanostructures do not exhibit the standard columnar configuration of rare earth oxide thin films but rather dense structures and a significant chemical stoichiometry. More precisely, they exhibit single crystallographic low temperature phases with preferential textures, generally similar to that of the bulk used powder targets. For the cubic fluorine type CeO 2 and Ho 2 O 3 films, an epitaxial growth is observed with a special feature noticed in the case of the Eu 2 O 3 nanostructure. For this latter, localized and very large oriented crystallites embedded in disordered packed pyramidal crystallites are observed.

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2010

Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in lipid metabolism. The present study ... more Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in lipid metabolism. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of an ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on antidiabetic, antioxidant and lipid profile in plasma and tissues (liver and kidney) of experimental diabetes. Thirty rats were allocated randomly into 5 groups, each of 6 rats. Group I was acted as control group, group II rats were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg bw), group III rats received Phyllanthus emblica fruit ethanolic extract (PFEet) (200 mg/kg bw) by using an intragastric tube for 45 days, group IV rats received glibenclamide (600 µg/kg bw), group V rats given PFEet (200 mg/kg bw) alone. Ethanol extracts of Phyllanthus emblica fruits was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg body weight for 45 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and a significant increase in plasma insulin in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats had elevated levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-C), LDL-cholesterol, Free Fatty Acids (FFA), Phospholipids (PL), Triglycerides (TG) and decreased HDL-cholesterol. Diabetic rats fed PFEet showed a significant reduction in TC, VLDL-C, LDL-C, FFA, PL, TG and an elevation in HDL-C. In conclusion, the observations from this study show that Phyllanthus emblica has antidiabetic and its beneficial effects on lipid profile, thus it can be recommended for use as a natural supplementary herbal remedy in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1998

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2010

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a promising candidate material for optical and electronic devices due to its ... more Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a promising candidate material for optical and electronic devices due to its direct wide band gap (3.37 eV) and high exciton binding energy (60 meV). For applications in various fields such as light emitting diode (LED) and laser diodes, growth of p-type ZnO is a prerequisite. ZnO is an intrinsically n-type semiconductor. In this paper we report on the synthesis of Zinc Oxide-Carbon (ZnO:C) thin films using pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD). The deposition parameters were optimized to obtain high quality epitaxial ZnO films over a carbon layer. The structural and optical properties were studied by glazing index X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), photoluminescence (PL), optical absorption (OA), and Raman spectroscopy. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEMEDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to determine the composition and surface morphology of these thin films. The GIXRD pattern of the synthesized films exhibited hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a preferred (002) orientation. PL spectroscopy results showed that the emission intensity was maximum at -380 nm at a deposition temperature of 573 K. In the Raman spectra, the E2 phonon frequency around at 438 cm(-1) is a characteristic peak of the wurtzite lattice and could be seen in all samples. Furthermore, the optical direct band gap of ZnO films was found to be in the visible region. The growth of the epitaxial layer is discussed in the light of carbon atoms from the buffer layer. Our work demonstrates that the carbon is a novel dopant in the group of doped ZnO semiconductor materials. The introduction of carbon impurities enhanced the visible emission of red-green luminescence. It is concluded that the carbon impurities promote the zinc related native defect in ZnO.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2007

The differentiation of macrophages from their progenitors is controlled by macrophage colony-stim... more The differentiation of macrophages from their progenitors is controlled by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1), which binds to a receptor (CSF-1R) encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene. We have previously used the promoter region of the CSF-1R gene to direct expression of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene to resident macrophage populations in transgenic mice. In this paper, we show that the EGFP reporter is also expressed in all granulocytes detected with the Gr-1 antibody, which binds to Ly-6C and Ly-6G or with a Ly-6Gspecific antibody. Transgene expression reflects the presence of CSF-1R mRNA but not CSF-1R protein. The same pattern is observed with the macrophage-specific F4/80 marker. Based on these findings, we performed a comparative array profiling of highly purified granulocytes and macrophages. The patterns of mRNA expression differed predominantly through granulocyte-specific expression of a small subset of transcription factors (Egr1, HoxB7, STAT3), known abundant granulocyte proteins (e.g., S100A8, S100A9, neutrophil elastase), and specific receptors (fMLP, G-CSF). These findings suggested that appropriate stimuli might mediate rapid interconversion of the major myeloid cell types, for example, in inflammation. In keeping with this hypothesis, we showed that purified Ly-6G-positive granulocytes express CSF-1R after overnight culture and can subsequently differentiate to form F4/80-positive macrophages in response to CSF-1.

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012

In the current study, the Ethiopian cactus pear fruit peel infusions were used as a phytoreducing... more In the current study, the Ethiopian cactus pear fruit peel infusions were used as a phytoreducing agent to fabricate silver nanoparticles (CPFP-AgNPS). The formation of AgNPS in 7 min was confirmed by Ultra UV-Vis spectral portrait. The average size range (20-60 nm), the composition of silver element and crystal structure of the CPFP-AgNPS was established by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis respectively. The CPFP-AgNPS exhibited greater inhibition (81.92%) on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay. The antibacterial activity of CPFP-AgNPS was high in the order against E.coli > Salmonella spp. > Bacillus spp. > Pseudomonas spp. > Staphylococcus spp. respectively. The CPFP-AgNPS also showed effective anticancer activity against human cervix epithelioid carcinoma cell lines with an IC 50 value of 74.26 ± 0.25 µg mL −1 /24 h. In short, the findings highlighted the effectiveness of CPFP-AgNPS on potential therapeutic applications.

Journal of Applied Physics, 2010

In situ optical emission spectroscopy was used to study the temporal and spatial behavior of lase... more In situ optical emission spectroscopy was used to study the temporal and spatial behavior of laser induced plasmas in the laser-furnace synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes ͑SWCNTs͒. A graphite composite target located within a sealed quartz tube with a chemical stoichiometric composition of 95:4:1 at. wt % of carbon, yttrium, and nickel, respectively, was ablated by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser delivering colinear, focused laser pulses of 1064 and 532 nm temporarily separated by 20 ns. The ablation process was done at a furnace temperature of 1273 K in a flow of argon gas at either 150 or 200 SCCM ͑SCCM denotes cubic centimeter per minute at STP͒. The pressure was varied ͑100, 400, and 600 Torr͒ for each gas flow setting. The temporal and spatial behavior of the emission intensity associated with C 2 Swan bands ͑d 3 ⌸ g − a 3 ⌸ u ͒ was investigated and found to be influenced by the pressure and flow rate of the argon gas. At conditions optimal to SWCNT production, a sharp drop in C 2 intensity followed by a rise in C 2 intensity was observed. The temporal and spatial behavior of the electron density was determined by the Stark broadening profile of the CII emission peak at 283.7 nm and was found to decrease with the adiabatic expansion of the plume. We propose that the sharp drop in C 2 intensity and the rise in electron density and electron temperature observed in this study are due to the accompanying rapid nucleation and growth of SWCNTs.

In this paper, a new mesh-typed NoC(Network on Chip) architecture is proposed which aims at enhan... more In this paper, a new mesh-typed NoC(Network on Chip) architecture is proposed which aims at enhancing network performance. Networks-on-Chips (NoCs) are a new design paradigm for scalable high throughput communication infrastructures, in Systems-on-Chips (SoCs) with billions of transistors. The idea of NoCs is dividing a chip into several independent clusters connected together by global communication architecture. As the number of cores integrated into System-on-Chip increases, the on-chip communication limits the performance and power consumption in current and next generation SoCs. The resultant NoC uses mesh topology along with virtual channel allocation methodology. The routing algorithm combined with mesh topology improves average latency and saturation traffic load.

This paper proposes the stable and ripple free output voltage from the design of developed Dc-Dc ... more This paper proposes the stable and ripple free output voltage from the design of developed Dc-Dc converter topology. Dc voltage provided by battery contains high voltage ripples and it is not constant enough voltage, thus it is not applicable for most devices like electric-vehicle controller, dc-chargers, etc. DcDc converters are employed to attenuate the ripples regardless of change in the load voltage. In the existing method, the classical buck converter for electric vehicle applications does not meet the load requirement containing more ripples on the output voltage and parasitic effects. To overcome this problem the advanced developed Dc-Dc luo-converter technology was introduced. luo converter is the developed converter derived from the buck-boost converter. In this proposed model the additional filter elements in the luo-converter eliminate the output ripples and effectively enhance the output voltage level. A computer simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK confirms the predicted re...

In this automation world transfer of material from one place to another at faster rate without an... more In this automation world transfer of material from one place to another at faster rate without any damage to or by product plays a important role in reducing the cycle time of a product. To achieve this different equipment’s such as conveyors, robots, AGV’s, fork trucks etc. are used. From these conveyors are the cheapest material handling equipment especially for commercial products. There are different types of conveyors available such as screw conveyor, belt conveyor, bucket elevators, chain conveyor. Based on the requirement suitable type is selected. In this research a belt conveyor is designed and fabricated as a model with 1HP electric motor in which various variable factors related to the transformation (speed, feed rate, type of product) are experimented and their results are analyzed in the Minitab analysis software to determine the optimum value of variable factor for each component. Experiments using Bajra, is carried at different belt speed 0.55, 0.91 and 0.94 m/s at di...

The reduction of NOx emissions is a main goal of the Clean Air Act Amendments because of their kn... more The reduction of NOx emissions is a main goal of the Clean Air Act Amendments because of their known role in the formation of ground-level ozone. NOx is a generic term for the nitrogen oxides that are most relevant for air pollution, namely nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These gases contribute to the formation of smog and acid rain, as well as affecting tropospheric ozone. NOx gases are usually produced from the reaction among nitrogen and oxygen during combustion of fuels, such as hydrocarbons, in air; especially at high temperatures, such as occur in car engines. The facility that can reduce NOx emissions from the combustion equipment, is using Pressure swing adsorption. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a technology used to separate some gas species from a mixture of gases under pressure according to the species molecular characteristics and affinity for an adsorbent material. Specific adsorbent materials (e.g., zeolites, activated carbon, molecular sieves, etc.) ...

Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 2017

Hypersaline environments provide an excellent medium for natural microbial communities which serv... more Hypersaline environments provide an excellent medium for natural microbial communities which serve as a potential source of pharmaceutical substances. Salt is widely present in the earth. Almost 73% of earth was covered with marine water which contains 2.5% of common salt. Protease enzyme activity widespread in microorganisms, plant and animals. Proteolytic enzymes used in the industrial application and bioremediation process. In recent years' new mutant's microbe resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Protease inhibitors used as potential antibiotics for controlling microbial infections. A Hypersaline environment such as salt pans and salt lakes has high salt concentration and pH. The saltpan provides a diversity of different environmental conditions of alkalinity, salinity, temperature, pH and nutrition. Halophilic organisms growing between 0.5 and 3.0 M salt concentration. Extreme environments are the best source of bioactive compound producing halophiles microbes.

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015

We report the observation of hybrid nanostructured thin-films such as diamond-like carbon (DLC) s... more We report the observation of hybrid nanostructured thin-films such as diamond-like carbon (DLC) signature on the ZnO epitaxial thin-films grown onto the device silicon/quartz substrate by reactive pulsed laser deposition (r-PLD) under the argon-oxygen (Ar|O 2) ambient at 573 K. Undoped and Carbon (C) doped epitaxial ZnO thin-film layer formation is revealed by the accelerator based ion-beam analysis (IBA) technique of resonant Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RRBS), glancing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) pattern, micro-Raman spectroscopy (µ-RS) and field-emission (F-E) studies. The RRBS and GIXRD results show the deposition of epitaxial thin-films containing C into ZnO. The µ-RS technique is a standard nondestructive tool (NDT) for the characterization of crystalline, nano-crystalline, and amorphous carbons (a-C). As grown ZnO and C-doped ZnO thin-films µ-RS result reveal the doping effect of C-impurities that appear in the form of DLC evident from Raman peaks at 1357 and 1575 cm-1 along with a wurtzite structure peak at 438 cm-1 with E 2 (h) phonon of ZnO. The electron transport F-E result shows the hybrid thin-films has high conductivity than the un-doped film. Fabricated hybrid nanostructured thin-films materials could be very useful for the emerging applications of micro-nano dosimetry.

International Journal of Scientific Reports, 2015

Background: Understanding of health seeking behaviour (HSB) is essential to provide need based he... more Background: Understanding of health seeking behaviour (HSB) is essential to provide need based health care services to the population. Many factors like sex, age, type of illness, access to services and perceived quality of the services, influences the health seeking behavior. This study assessed the HSB among rural population of a coastal area in Tamil Nadu.Methods: A community based descriptive study was done in a rural coastal area of Villupuram district in Tamil Nadu state of India. Using simple random sampling method, 559 participants were selected. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Information about socio-demographic characteristics, presence of acute or chronic illness, health care seeking behavior and reasons for non-utilization of particular health facilities etc. was obtained. Chi square test was applied to find the association of health care seeking behavior with various participant characteristics. Results: Among 559 study participants,...

International Journal of Photoenergy, 2012

Carbon-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (C:TiO2NPs) have been synthesized by ultrasonic ne... more Carbon-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (C:TiO2NPs) have been synthesized by ultrasonic nebulizer spray pyrolysis (USP) and pneumatic spray pyrolysis (PSP) techniques. HRTEM on the NPs shows difference in lattice spacing in the NP structures prepared by the two methods—2.02 Å for the USP NPs and an average of 3.74 Å for the PSP NPs. The most probable particle sizes are 3.11 nm and 5.5 nm, respectively. Raman spectroscopy supported by FTIR confirms the TiO2polymorph to be anatase with the intense phonon frequency at 153 cm−1blue-shifted from 141 cm−1ascribed to both carbon doping and particle size. A modified phonon confinement model for nanoparticles has been used to extract phonon dispersion and other parameters for anatase for the first time. Electronic measurements show “negative conductance” at some critical bias voltage, which is characteristic ofn-type conductivity in the carbon-doped TiO2NPs as confirmed by the calculated areas under theI-Vcurves, a property suited for...

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2011

Primary health care providers are in a unique position to treat the pregnant mothers for dental a... more Primary health care providers are in a unique position to treat the pregnant mothers for dental as well as general health for a healthy mother and child. Oral cavity is also subjected to reversible as well as irreversible changes due to hormonal changes during pregnancy. Perinatal mortality rates in Pakistan are more than 10-fold greater than in developed countries. It increased with the severity of periodontal disease. Patients, physicians, and dentists are cautious, often avoiding treatment of oral health issues during pregnancy. This problem is compounded by a lack of clinical guidelines for the prevention and management of common oral conditions in pregnancy. This article reviews the commonly occuring oral problems during pregnancy and their management, guidelines for prenatal counselling, dental procedures that can be carried out during pregnancy and preventive strategies that could be helpful in preventing the commonly occurring diseases such as dental caries and periodontal d...

International Journal of PIXE, 2011

Ion beam analysis (IBA) is a group of PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) techniques dedicated... more Ion beam analysis (IBA) is a group of PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) techniques dedicated to the analysis of material for geological sample of coastal sediment samples. Coastal/Beach samples collected from South East Coast of Tamilnadu were analyzed by PIXE technique and obtain the elemental composition of coastal sediments. The PIXE analysis was carried out using 1.7 MV Tandem accelerators with the energy of 2 MeV protons at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, India. The data analysis is normally done in an interactive mode of GUPIX analytical software computer code. The identified elements are present in the fingerprint X-ray spectrum in the range of ppm to ppb level. Therefore in this paper, introductory results concerning determination of concentration of chosen elements such as K , P , Ca , Ti , Fe , Cr , Co , Zn , Mn , Ni , Cu , Rb , Sr , As , Zr , Hf , Pb and Hg of coastal sediment samples from the east coast of Tamilnadu, India are presented. The validation of the technique is assessed using standard reference material (SRM) NIST 1646a estuarine sediment and the result shows the good agreement with the certified one. The results were used to assess environmental toxicity of heavy metals and radiation hazard in the study area.

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2014

h i g h l i g h t s Ag metal ion-exchanged and annealed glasses confirm the presence of nanoclust... more h i g h l i g h t s Ag metal ion-exchanged and annealed glasses confirm the presence of nanoclusters. Silver nanoclusters were studied by Raman scattering spectroscopy techniques. Sizes of Ag-nanoclusters are studied by SPR resonance of UV spectra. Depolymerization of the glass network is analyzed by Raman spectra and Raman image.

2012 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, 2012

Many machine learning algorithms rely on feature descriptors to access information about image ap... more Many machine learning algorithms rely on feature descriptors to access information about image appearance. Using an appropriate descriptor is therefore crucial for the algorithm to succeed. Although domain-and task-specific feature descriptors may result in excellent performance, they currently have to be hand-crafted, a difficult and timeconsuming process. In contrast, general-purpose descriptors (such as SIFT) are easy to apply and have proved successful for a variety of tasks, including classification, segmentation, and clustering. Unfortunately, most general-purpose feature descriptors are targeted at natural images and may perform poorly in document analysis tasks. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically learning feature descriptors tuned to a given image domain. The method works by first extracting the independent components of the images, and then building a descriptor by pooling these components over multiple overlapping regions. We test the proposed method on several document analysis tasks and several datasets, and show that it outperforms existing general-purpose feature descriptors.

Surface Review and Letters, 2014

Various rare earth oxide nanostructures were synthesized for the first time by dual-double pulsed... more Various rare earth oxide nanostructures were synthesized for the first time by dual-double pulsed gas feeding/pulsed laser deposition. The optically transparent and insulating nanostructures do not exhibit the standard columnar configuration of rare earth oxide thin films but rather dense structures and a significant chemical stoichiometry. More precisely, they exhibit single crystallographic low temperature phases with preferential textures, generally similar to that of the bulk used powder targets. For the cubic fluorine type CeO 2 and Ho 2 O 3 films, an epitaxial growth is observed with a special feature noticed in the case of the Eu 2 O 3 nanostructure. For this latter, localized and very large oriented crystallites embedded in disordered packed pyramidal crystallites are observed.

Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2010

Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in lipid metabolism. The present study ... more Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in lipid metabolism. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of an ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruits on antidiabetic, antioxidant and lipid profile in plasma and tissues (liver and kidney) of experimental diabetes. Thirty rats were allocated randomly into 5 groups, each of 6 rats. Group I was acted as control group, group II rats were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg bw), group III rats received Phyllanthus emblica fruit ethanolic extract (PFEet) (200 mg/kg bw) by using an intragastric tube for 45 days, group IV rats received glibenclamide (600 µg/kg bw), group V rats given PFEet (200 mg/kg bw) alone. Ethanol extracts of Phyllanthus emblica fruits was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg body weight for 45 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and a significant increase in plasma insulin in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats had elevated levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (VLDL-C), LDL-cholesterol, Free Fatty Acids (FFA), Phospholipids (PL), Triglycerides (TG) and decreased HDL-cholesterol. Diabetic rats fed PFEet showed a significant reduction in TC, VLDL-C, LDL-C, FFA, PL, TG and an elevation in HDL-C. In conclusion, the observations from this study show that Phyllanthus emblica has antidiabetic and its beneficial effects on lipid profile, thus it can be recommended for use as a natural supplementary herbal remedy in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1998

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2010

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a promising candidate material for optical and electronic devices due to its ... more Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a promising candidate material for optical and electronic devices due to its direct wide band gap (3.37 eV) and high exciton binding energy (60 meV). For applications in various fields such as light emitting diode (LED) and laser diodes, growth of p-type ZnO is a prerequisite. ZnO is an intrinsically n-type semiconductor. In this paper we report on the synthesis of Zinc Oxide-Carbon (ZnO:C) thin films using pulsed laser deposition technique (PLD). The deposition parameters were optimized to obtain high quality epitaxial ZnO films over a carbon layer. The structural and optical properties were studied by glazing index X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), photoluminescence (PL), optical absorption (OA), and Raman spectroscopy. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEMEDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to determine the composition and surface morphology of these thin films. The GIXRD pattern of the synthesized films exhibited hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a preferred (002) orientation. PL spectroscopy results showed that the emission intensity was maximum at -380 nm at a deposition temperature of 573 K. In the Raman spectra, the E2 phonon frequency around at 438 cm(-1) is a characteristic peak of the wurtzite lattice and could be seen in all samples. Furthermore, the optical direct band gap of ZnO films was found to be in the visible region. The growth of the epitaxial layer is discussed in the light of carbon atoms from the buffer layer. Our work demonstrates that the carbon is a novel dopant in the group of doped ZnO semiconductor materials. The introduction of carbon impurities enhanced the visible emission of red-green luminescence. It is concluded that the carbon impurities promote the zinc related native defect in ZnO.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2007

The differentiation of macrophages from their progenitors is controlled by macrophage colony-stim... more The differentiation of macrophages from their progenitors is controlled by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1), which binds to a receptor (CSF-1R) encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene. We have previously used the promoter region of the CSF-1R gene to direct expression of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene to resident macrophage populations in transgenic mice. In this paper, we show that the EGFP reporter is also expressed in all granulocytes detected with the Gr-1 antibody, which binds to Ly-6C and Ly-6G or with a Ly-6Gspecific antibody. Transgene expression reflects the presence of CSF-1R mRNA but not CSF-1R protein. The same pattern is observed with the macrophage-specific F4/80 marker. Based on these findings, we performed a comparative array profiling of highly purified granulocytes and macrophages. The patterns of mRNA expression differed predominantly through granulocyte-specific expression of a small subset of transcription factors (Egr1, HoxB7, STAT3), known abundant granulocyte proteins (e.g., S100A8, S100A9, neutrophil elastase), and specific receptors (fMLP, G-CSF). These findings suggested that appropriate stimuli might mediate rapid interconversion of the major myeloid cell types, for example, in inflammation. In keeping with this hypothesis, we showed that purified Ly-6G-positive granulocytes express CSF-1R after overnight culture and can subsequently differentiate to form F4/80-positive macrophages in response to CSF-1.

Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 2012

In the current study, the Ethiopian cactus pear fruit peel infusions were used as a phytoreducing... more In the current study, the Ethiopian cactus pear fruit peel infusions were used as a phytoreducing agent to fabricate silver nanoparticles (CPFP-AgNPS). The formation of AgNPS in 7 min was confirmed by Ultra UV-Vis spectral portrait. The average size range (20-60 nm), the composition of silver element and crystal structure of the CPFP-AgNPS was established by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis respectively. The CPFP-AgNPS exhibited greater inhibition (81.92%) on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay. The antibacterial activity of CPFP-AgNPS was high in the order against E.coli > Salmonella spp. > Bacillus spp. > Pseudomonas spp. > Staphylococcus spp. respectively. The CPFP-AgNPS also showed effective anticancer activity against human cervix epithelioid carcinoma cell lines with an IC 50 value of 74.26 ± 0.25 µg mL −1 /24 h. In short, the findings highlighted the effectiveness of CPFP-AgNPS on potential therapeutic applications.

Journal of Applied Physics, 2010

In situ optical emission spectroscopy was used to study the temporal and spatial behavior of lase... more In situ optical emission spectroscopy was used to study the temporal and spatial behavior of laser induced plasmas in the laser-furnace synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes ͑SWCNTs͒. A graphite composite target located within a sealed quartz tube with a chemical stoichiometric composition of 95:4:1 at. wt % of carbon, yttrium, and nickel, respectively, was ablated by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser delivering colinear, focused laser pulses of 1064 and 532 nm temporarily separated by 20 ns. The ablation process was done at a furnace temperature of 1273 K in a flow of argon gas at either 150 or 200 SCCM ͑SCCM denotes cubic centimeter per minute at STP͒. The pressure was varied ͑100, 400, and 600 Torr͒ for each gas flow setting. The temporal and spatial behavior of the emission intensity associated with C 2 Swan bands ͑d 3 ⌸ g − a 3 ⌸ u ͒ was investigated and found to be influenced by the pressure and flow rate of the argon gas. At conditions optimal to SWCNT production, a sharp drop in C 2 intensity followed by a rise in C 2 intensity was observed. The temporal and spatial behavior of the electron density was determined by the Stark broadening profile of the CII emission peak at 283.7 nm and was found to decrease with the adiabatic expansion of the plume. We propose that the sharp drop in C 2 intensity and the rise in electron density and electron temperature observed in this study are due to the accompanying rapid nucleation and growth of SWCNTs.