Marek Macko - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Marek Macko
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences
Computational intelligence (CI) can adopt/optimize important principles in the workflow of 3D pri... more Computational intelligence (CI) can adopt/optimize important principles in the workflow of 3D printing. This article aims to examine to what extent the current possibilities for using CI in the development of 3D printing and reverse engineering are being used, and where there are still reserves in this area. Methodology: A literature review is followed by own research on CI-based solutions. Results: Two ANNs solving the most common problems are presented. Conclusions: CI can effectively support 3D printing and reverse engineering especially during the transition to Industry 4.0. Wider implementation of CI solutions can accelerate and integrate the development of innovative technologies based on 3D scanning, 3D printing, and reverse engineering. Analyzing data, gathering experience, and transforming it into knowledge can be done faster and more efficiently, but requires a conscious application and proper targeting.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences
ods of work and the role of man in the industry, integrating people and digitally controlled mach... more ods of work and the role of man in the industry, integrating people and digitally controlled machines with the Internet and information technologies. The materials manufactured or used for production can always be identified, they also can communicate independently with each other. Information flows vertically: from individual components to the company's IT department, and from the IT department to the components. The other direction of information flow is done horizontallybetween the machines involved in the production process and the company's production system. Machine modelling and simulation is the use of models (e.g. a physical, mathematical, or logical representation) as a framework for simulation to develop the data used to make technical decisions, in the field of mechanical engineering. This technology belongs to the toolbox of engineers of all application domains and has been incorporated into the body of knowledge of engineering management. Modelling and simulation reduce costs, improve the product and system quality, and document any conclusions drawn. Additionally, models can be updated and improved using the results from real-world experiments. AI and CI are increasingly important in building these models and they are concerned with methods for solving problems that cannot be efficiently solved algorithmically. These methods play an important role in the development of inference and intelligent systems. The application of modern methods (AI and CI) in the field of mechanical engineering is particularly interesting due to its research and practical character and very strong references to Industry 4.0 [4-6]. AI-based optimization and prediction, thanks to the application of digital twins, can significantly change the performance even within older factories since their computational upgrade of control systems is possible thanks to the application of the Internet of Things sensors and cloud computing.
Energies
Overview: Photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely used in residential applications in Poland and Eur... more Overview: Photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely used in residential applications in Poland and Europe due to increasing environmental concerns and fossil fuel energy prices. Energy management strategies for residential systems (1.2 million prosumer PV installations in Poland) play an important role in reducing energy bills and maximizing profits. Problem: This article aims to check how predictable the operation of a household PV system is in the short term—such predictions are usually made 24 h in advance. Methods: We made a comparative study of different energy management strategies based on a real household profile (selected energy storage installation) based on both traditional methods and various artificial intelligence (AI) tools, which is a new approach, so far rarely used and underutilized, and may inspire further research, including those based on the paradigm of Industry 4.0 and, increasingly, Industry 5.0. Results: This paper discusses the results for different operational ...
Sensors
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has already shown its... more Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has already shown its potential in the fourth technological revolution (Industry 4.0), demonstrating remarkable applications in manufacturing, including of medical devices. The aim of this publication is to present the novel concept of support by artificial intelligence (AI) for quality control of AM of medical devices made of polymeric materials, based on the example of our own elbow exoskeleton. The methodology of the above-mentioned inspection process differs depending on the intended application of 3D printing as well as 3D scanning or reverse engineering. The use of artificial intelligence increases the versatility of this process, allowing it to be adapted to specific needs. This brings not only innovative scientific and technological solutions, but also a significant economic and social impact through faster operation, greater efficiency, and cost savings. The article also indicates the limitations an...
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
Co-rotating twin-screw extrusion is an energy consuming process that is generally not fully optim... more Co-rotating twin-screw extrusion is an energy consuming process that is generally not fully optimised to a specific polymer. From the point of view of the efficiency of the extrusion process, the starting material should be characterised by small grain sizes in comparison to the screw channel area, small surface area to volume ratio and small internal friction between the pellets. To develop a model describing the effect of polylactide (PLA) grain size on the extrusion efficiency, a series of experiments with a twin-screw extruder were carried out during which the energy consumption; torque on shafts and temperature of the melt on the extruder die were monitored. As feed material, both the neat PLA with different grain sizes and the PLA with expandable graphite fillers and phosphorous-based flame retardants were used. Morphology and dispersion quality of the composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); flammability, smoke production, mass loss and heat release ...
MATEC Web of Conferences
The aim of the study was to develop a system supporting technological process planning, the funct... more The aim of the study was to develop a system supporting technological process planning, the functioning of which would resemble the way human experts act in their fields of expertise, one capable of gathering necessary knowledge, analysing data, and drawing conclusions to solve problems. This could be done by utilising artificial intelligence (AI) methods available within such systems. The study proved the usefulness of AI methods, and their significant effectiveness in supporting technological process planning. Technological-process planning based on an expert system is divided into the following stages: the selection of the semi-finished products; the establishing of the technological process structure, and the selection of the workpiece instrumentation, machine tools, tools, and tooling and machining parameters for each technological operation. The system-embedded knowledge takes the form of neural networks, decision trees and facts. The system is presented using the example of a...
MATEC Web of Conferences
Comminution processes are one of the most common processes for processing energy materials, e.g. ... more Comminution processes are one of the most common processes for processing energy materials, e.g. coal, biomass, and post-recycling elements. The hitherto unsolved problem is the high energy consumption of machines and the lack of precise descriptions of the phenomenon of comminution in terms of the relationship between the design features of mills and the properties of comminuted materials. The dynamic development of simulation techniques based on advanced models and the method of discrete elements allows for a certain mapping of occurring phenomena. The purpose of the work is to illustrate the possibility of using simulation software based on the discrete element method to model the grinding processes in the shredders grinding assemblies. The paper presents aspects of modeling the shape and size of particles, their interactions and contacts with mills structural elements, as well as aspects of crushing modeling in RockyDem software.
Sensors
Currently, there is an intensive development of bipedal walking robots. The most known solutions ... more Currently, there is an intensive development of bipedal walking robots. The most known solutions are based on the use of the principles of human gait created in nature during evolution. Modernbipedal robots are also based on the locomotion manners of birds. This review presents the current state of the art of bipedal walking robots based on natural bipedal movements (human and bird) as well as on innovative synthetic solutions. Firstly, an overview of the scientific analysis of human gait is provided as a basis for the design of bipedal robots. The full human gait cycle that consists of two main phases is analysed and the attention is paid to the problem of balance and stability, especially in the single support phase when the bipedal movement is unstable. The influences of passive or active gait on energy demand are also discussed. Most studies are explored based on the zero moment. Furthermore, a review of the knowledge on the specific locomotor characteristics of birds, whose kin...
Environments
With continuous development of biodegradable polymers, new areas of applications are intensively ... more With continuous development of biodegradable polymers, new areas of applications are intensively researched. Modifications of these polymers are commonly conducted by an extrusion compounding process. While additives are changing desired properties, biodegradability of such composites can be deteriorated. The aim of the work is to investigate a novel, functional, organic additive, riboflavin (vitamin B-2), in terms of thermal stability, extrusion processability, wettability, surface energy, especially biodegradability, and when compounded with PLA. Additionally, a comparison of unmodified PLA resin, as well as PLA-modified with inorganic talc—which is known for its nucleation promotion in a variety of polymers—to PLA with riboflavin, was presented. Research reveals the outstanding thermal stability of riboflavin and the sufficient extrusion process properties with no significant changes of wettability and, surprisingly, a significant degradation rate as compared to pure PLA or and P...
Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 2022
The aim of presented study was to investigate the eff ect of using long rotation maize stalk fi b... more The aim of presented study was to investigate the eff ect of using long rotation maize stalk fi bers as fi ller on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of an injection molded biocomposite with a polylactide matrix using diff erent fi ber percentages. To evaluate the eff ect of maize stalk particle reinforcement on the PLA matrix, the mechanical properties of the biocomposites including tensile strength, tensile modulus, relative strain at maximum stress, strain at break, stress at break and Charpy unnotched impact strength were determined. From a mechanical point of view, the best fi ber content was at 15% as it caused the least reduction in strain at break, stress at break, and strain at maximum stress relative to the polylactide matrix.
Proceedings of the 13th International Scientific Conference, 2017
The paper presents the concept and implementation of innovative methods of producing artificial o... more The paper presents the concept and implementation of innovative methods of producing artificial organs and prosthesis based on 3D printing technology. These organs possess physical and mechanical properties similar to human organs and bodies part. As a result, using such organs, it is possible to conduct training and workshops, especially in the field of urological surgery, under the conditions close to real operations. Due to the fabrication of 3D models can also lead so-called pre-operations in order to better prepare surgeons to carry out complex operations and post-operation e.g. observers proper operation. The proposed method enables the production of artificial human organs whose consistency, plastic properties, hardness, elasticity are close to the real organ of specific patient, because it can be made on the basis of the data from MRI and CT. The process of preparing 3D geometry is prepared in applications in the field of CAD, but also through advanced applications designed for editing in vector geometry environment.
Materials, 2021
This paper presents results of a study on the effect of filler size in the form of 15 wt% corn st... more This paper presents results of a study on the effect of filler size in the form of 15 wt% corn stalk (CS) fibers on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of polylactide (PLA) matrix composites. In the test, polylactidic acid (PLA) is filled with four types of length of corn stalk fibers with a diameter of 1 mm, 1.6 mm, 2 mm and 4 mm. The composites were composed by single screw extrusion and then samples were prepared by injection molding. The mechanical properties of the composites were determined by static tensile test, static bending test and Charpy impact test while the thermo-mechanical properties were determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The composite structures were also observed using X-ray microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. In the PLA/CS composites, as the filler fiber diameter increased, the degradation of mechanical properties relative to the matrix was observed including tensile strength (decrease 22.9–51.1%), bending...
Zagadnienia zrównoważonego rozwoju, ochrony środowiska i potencjalnych wpływów w całym okresie ży... more Zagadnienia zrównoważonego rozwoju, ochrony środowiska i potencjalnych wpływów w całym okresie życia wyrobu, począwszy od pozyskania surowców poprzez produkcję i użytkowanie wyrobów, aż do ich końcowego składowania lub gospodarczego wykorzystania, stanowią aktualnie ważny nurt działalności produkcyjnej. Przykładami skutecznej realizacji założeń jest m.in. stosowanie metod LCA, LCM, IPP, DfE [1–5, 6]. Analizie z użyciem metody LCA mogą być poddawane zarówno produkty, procesy obejmujące pełny cykl życia lub przedsięwzięcia towarzyszące tym procesom, w tym wydobycia surowców mineralnych, analizę energochłonności poszczególnych faz procesu z jednoczesnym uwzględnieniem czystości pozyskiwania energii, zapotrzebowania wody, emisji odprowadzanych do wody, gleby i powietrza, możliwości utylizacji zużytych wyrobów, czyli narodzin produktu aż do ostatecznej utylizacji lub przetworzenia czyli „śmierci”. Znanych jest wiele aplikacji, które realizują te założenia [7, 8]. Już na etapie projektowa...
Informatyki Stosowanej UMK w Toruniu. W 2011 roku uzyskał stopień naukowy doktora w dyscyplinie e... more Informatyki Stosowanej UMK w Toruniu. W 2011 roku uzyskał stopień naukowy doktora w dyscyplinie elektronika na Wydziale Elektroniki, Telekomunikacji i Informatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej. Zainteresowania naukowe dotyczą budowy i zastosowania systemów pomiarowych i sterujących. Jest adiunktem w Instytucie Mechaniki i Informatyki Stosowanej Wydziału Matematyki, Fizyki i Techniki na Uniwersytecie Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy.
Polymers, 2021
Recently, a dynamic increase in the number of polymer elements ending their life cycle has been o... more Recently, a dynamic increase in the number of polymer elements ending their life cycle has been observed. There are three main ways of dealing with polymer waste: reuse in an unchanged form, recycling (both material and energy), and disposal (mainly in the form of landfilling or incineration). The legislation of European countries promotes in particular two forms of waste management: reuse and recycling. Recycling processes are used to recover materials and energy especially from contaminated waste, which are structurally changed by other materials, friction, temperature, machine, process, etc. The recycling of polymers, especially of multi-plastic structural elements, requires the use of special technological installations and a series of preparatory operations, including crushing and separating. Due to the universality and necessity of materials processing in recycling engineering, in particular size reduction, the aim of this study is to organize and systematize knowledge about s...
Materials, 2021
To assess the impact of graphite fillers on the thermal processing of graphite/poly(lactic acid) ... more To assess the impact of graphite fillers on the thermal processing of graphite/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites, a series of the composite samples with different graphite of industrial grade as fillers was prepared by melt mixing. The average size of the graphite grains ranged between 100 µm and 6 µm. For comparative purposes, one of the carbon fillers was expandable graphite. Composites were examined by SEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. As revealed by thermogravimetric (TG) analyses, graphite filler slightly lowered the temperature of thermal decomposition of the PLA matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests showed that the room temperature crystallinity of the polymer matrix is strongly affected by the graphite filler. The crystallinity of the composites determined from the second heating cycle reached values close to 50%, while these values are close to zero for the neat polymer. The addition of graphite to PLA caused a slight reduction in the oxidation induction t...
Materials, 2021
Technological and material issues in 3D printing technologies should take into account sustainabl... more Technological and material issues in 3D printing technologies should take into account sustainable development, use of materials, energy, emitted particles, and waste. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the sustainability of 3D printing processes can be supported by computational intelligence (CI) and artificial intelligence (AI) based solutions. We present a new AI-based software to evaluate the amount of pollution generated by 3D printing systems. We input the values: printing technology, material, print weight, etc., and the expected results (risk assessment) and determine if and what precautions should be taken. The study uses a self-learning program that will improve as more data are entered. This program does not replace but complements previously used 3D printing metrics and software.
Materials, 2020
While the intensity, complexity, and specificity of robotic exercise may be supported by patient-... more While the intensity, complexity, and specificity of robotic exercise may be supported by patient-tailored three-dimensional (3D)-printed solutions, their performance can still be compromised by non-optimal combinations of technological parameters and material features. The main focus of this paper was the computational optimization of the 3D-printing process in terms of features and material selection in order to achieve the maximum tensile force of a hand exoskeleton component, based on artificial neural network (ANN) optimization supported by genetic algorithms (GA). The creation and 3D-printing of the selected component was achieved using Cura 0.1.5 software and 3D-printed using fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology. To optimize the material and process parameters we compared ten selected parameters of the two distinct printing materials (polylactic acid (PLA), PLA+) using ANN supported by GA built and trained in the MATLAB environment. To determine the maximum tensile forc...
Mechanik, 2019
The own study on hand exoskeleton is presented. It is described from mechanical point of view: st... more The own study on hand exoskeleton is presented. It is described from mechanical point of view: starting from constraints caused by healthy human biomechanics, through possible functional deficits and their compensation by exoskeleton’s biomechanics, up to material and technological limitations. There is described an application of the reverse engineering aiming at personalization of the mechanical features taking into consideration huge individualization of the hand mechanics, including pathological changes.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems, 2019
An exoskeleton is defined as a distinctive kind of robot to be worn as an overall or frame, effec... more An exoskeleton is defined as a distinctive kind of robot to be worn as an overall or frame, effectively supporting, or in some cases substituting for, the user’s own movements. In this paper a new three-dimensional (3D) printed bydgostian hand exoskeleton is introduced and biomedically characterized. The proposed concept is promising, and the described approach combining biomechanical factors and 3D modeling driven by detailed hand exoskeleton patterns may constitute a key future method of ergonomic hand exoskeleton design and validation prior to manufacturing. Despite the aforementioned approach, we should be aware that hand exoskeleton constitutes hand support and rehabilitation robot system developing with the user; thus, certain coordination and continuity of the “hardware” part of the whole system and the training paradigm are essential for therapy efficacy.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences
Computational intelligence (CI) can adopt/optimize important principles in the workflow of 3D pri... more Computational intelligence (CI) can adopt/optimize important principles in the workflow of 3D printing. This article aims to examine to what extent the current possibilities for using CI in the development of 3D printing and reverse engineering are being used, and where there are still reserves in this area. Methodology: A literature review is followed by own research on CI-based solutions. Results: Two ANNs solving the most common problems are presented. Conclusions: CI can effectively support 3D printing and reverse engineering especially during the transition to Industry 4.0. Wider implementation of CI solutions can accelerate and integrate the development of innovative technologies based on 3D scanning, 3D printing, and reverse engineering. Analyzing data, gathering experience, and transforming it into knowledge can be done faster and more efficiently, but requires a conscious application and proper targeting.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences
ods of work and the role of man in the industry, integrating people and digitally controlled mach... more ods of work and the role of man in the industry, integrating people and digitally controlled machines with the Internet and information technologies. The materials manufactured or used for production can always be identified, they also can communicate independently with each other. Information flows vertically: from individual components to the company's IT department, and from the IT department to the components. The other direction of information flow is done horizontallybetween the machines involved in the production process and the company's production system. Machine modelling and simulation is the use of models (e.g. a physical, mathematical, or logical representation) as a framework for simulation to develop the data used to make technical decisions, in the field of mechanical engineering. This technology belongs to the toolbox of engineers of all application domains and has been incorporated into the body of knowledge of engineering management. Modelling and simulation reduce costs, improve the product and system quality, and document any conclusions drawn. Additionally, models can be updated and improved using the results from real-world experiments. AI and CI are increasingly important in building these models and they are concerned with methods for solving problems that cannot be efficiently solved algorithmically. These methods play an important role in the development of inference and intelligent systems. The application of modern methods (AI and CI) in the field of mechanical engineering is particularly interesting due to its research and practical character and very strong references to Industry 4.0 [4-6]. AI-based optimization and prediction, thanks to the application of digital twins, can significantly change the performance even within older factories since their computational upgrade of control systems is possible thanks to the application of the Internet of Things sensors and cloud computing.
Energies
Overview: Photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely used in residential applications in Poland and Eur... more Overview: Photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely used in residential applications in Poland and Europe due to increasing environmental concerns and fossil fuel energy prices. Energy management strategies for residential systems (1.2 million prosumer PV installations in Poland) play an important role in reducing energy bills and maximizing profits. Problem: This article aims to check how predictable the operation of a household PV system is in the short term—such predictions are usually made 24 h in advance. Methods: We made a comparative study of different energy management strategies based on a real household profile (selected energy storage installation) based on both traditional methods and various artificial intelligence (AI) tools, which is a new approach, so far rarely used and underutilized, and may inspire further research, including those based on the paradigm of Industry 4.0 and, increasingly, Industry 5.0. Results: This paper discusses the results for different operational ...
Sensors
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has already shown its... more Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has already shown its potential in the fourth technological revolution (Industry 4.0), demonstrating remarkable applications in manufacturing, including of medical devices. The aim of this publication is to present the novel concept of support by artificial intelligence (AI) for quality control of AM of medical devices made of polymeric materials, based on the example of our own elbow exoskeleton. The methodology of the above-mentioned inspection process differs depending on the intended application of 3D printing as well as 3D scanning or reverse engineering. The use of artificial intelligence increases the versatility of this process, allowing it to be adapted to specific needs. This brings not only innovative scientific and technological solutions, but also a significant economic and social impact through faster operation, greater efficiency, and cost savings. The article also indicates the limitations an...
Acta Mechanica et Automatica
Co-rotating twin-screw extrusion is an energy consuming process that is generally not fully optim... more Co-rotating twin-screw extrusion is an energy consuming process that is generally not fully optimised to a specific polymer. From the point of view of the efficiency of the extrusion process, the starting material should be characterised by small grain sizes in comparison to the screw channel area, small surface area to volume ratio and small internal friction between the pellets. To develop a model describing the effect of polylactide (PLA) grain size on the extrusion efficiency, a series of experiments with a twin-screw extruder were carried out during which the energy consumption; torque on shafts and temperature of the melt on the extruder die were monitored. As feed material, both the neat PLA with different grain sizes and the PLA with expandable graphite fillers and phosphorous-based flame retardants were used. Morphology and dispersion quality of the composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); flammability, smoke production, mass loss and heat release ...
MATEC Web of Conferences
The aim of the study was to develop a system supporting technological process planning, the funct... more The aim of the study was to develop a system supporting technological process planning, the functioning of which would resemble the way human experts act in their fields of expertise, one capable of gathering necessary knowledge, analysing data, and drawing conclusions to solve problems. This could be done by utilising artificial intelligence (AI) methods available within such systems. The study proved the usefulness of AI methods, and their significant effectiveness in supporting technological process planning. Technological-process planning based on an expert system is divided into the following stages: the selection of the semi-finished products; the establishing of the technological process structure, and the selection of the workpiece instrumentation, machine tools, tools, and tooling and machining parameters for each technological operation. The system-embedded knowledge takes the form of neural networks, decision trees and facts. The system is presented using the example of a...
MATEC Web of Conferences
Comminution processes are one of the most common processes for processing energy materials, e.g. ... more Comminution processes are one of the most common processes for processing energy materials, e.g. coal, biomass, and post-recycling elements. The hitherto unsolved problem is the high energy consumption of machines and the lack of precise descriptions of the phenomenon of comminution in terms of the relationship between the design features of mills and the properties of comminuted materials. The dynamic development of simulation techniques based on advanced models and the method of discrete elements allows for a certain mapping of occurring phenomena. The purpose of the work is to illustrate the possibility of using simulation software based on the discrete element method to model the grinding processes in the shredders grinding assemblies. The paper presents aspects of modeling the shape and size of particles, their interactions and contacts with mills structural elements, as well as aspects of crushing modeling in RockyDem software.
Sensors
Currently, there is an intensive development of bipedal walking robots. The most known solutions ... more Currently, there is an intensive development of bipedal walking robots. The most known solutions are based on the use of the principles of human gait created in nature during evolution. Modernbipedal robots are also based on the locomotion manners of birds. This review presents the current state of the art of bipedal walking robots based on natural bipedal movements (human and bird) as well as on innovative synthetic solutions. Firstly, an overview of the scientific analysis of human gait is provided as a basis for the design of bipedal robots. The full human gait cycle that consists of two main phases is analysed and the attention is paid to the problem of balance and stability, especially in the single support phase when the bipedal movement is unstable. The influences of passive or active gait on energy demand are also discussed. Most studies are explored based on the zero moment. Furthermore, a review of the knowledge on the specific locomotor characteristics of birds, whose kin...
Environments
With continuous development of biodegradable polymers, new areas of applications are intensively ... more With continuous development of biodegradable polymers, new areas of applications are intensively researched. Modifications of these polymers are commonly conducted by an extrusion compounding process. While additives are changing desired properties, biodegradability of such composites can be deteriorated. The aim of the work is to investigate a novel, functional, organic additive, riboflavin (vitamin B-2), in terms of thermal stability, extrusion processability, wettability, surface energy, especially biodegradability, and when compounded with PLA. Additionally, a comparison of unmodified PLA resin, as well as PLA-modified with inorganic talc—which is known for its nucleation promotion in a variety of polymers—to PLA with riboflavin, was presented. Research reveals the outstanding thermal stability of riboflavin and the sufficient extrusion process properties with no significant changes of wettability and, surprisingly, a significant degradation rate as compared to pure PLA or and P...
Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 2022
The aim of presented study was to investigate the eff ect of using long rotation maize stalk fi b... more The aim of presented study was to investigate the eff ect of using long rotation maize stalk fi bers as fi ller on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of an injection molded biocomposite with a polylactide matrix using diff erent fi ber percentages. To evaluate the eff ect of maize stalk particle reinforcement on the PLA matrix, the mechanical properties of the biocomposites including tensile strength, tensile modulus, relative strain at maximum stress, strain at break, stress at break and Charpy unnotched impact strength were determined. From a mechanical point of view, the best fi ber content was at 15% as it caused the least reduction in strain at break, stress at break, and strain at maximum stress relative to the polylactide matrix.
Proceedings of the 13th International Scientific Conference, 2017
The paper presents the concept and implementation of innovative methods of producing artificial o... more The paper presents the concept and implementation of innovative methods of producing artificial organs and prosthesis based on 3D printing technology. These organs possess physical and mechanical properties similar to human organs and bodies part. As a result, using such organs, it is possible to conduct training and workshops, especially in the field of urological surgery, under the conditions close to real operations. Due to the fabrication of 3D models can also lead so-called pre-operations in order to better prepare surgeons to carry out complex operations and post-operation e.g. observers proper operation. The proposed method enables the production of artificial human organs whose consistency, plastic properties, hardness, elasticity are close to the real organ of specific patient, because it can be made on the basis of the data from MRI and CT. The process of preparing 3D geometry is prepared in applications in the field of CAD, but also through advanced applications designed for editing in vector geometry environment.
Materials, 2021
This paper presents results of a study on the effect of filler size in the form of 15 wt% corn st... more This paper presents results of a study on the effect of filler size in the form of 15 wt% corn stalk (CS) fibers on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of polylactide (PLA) matrix composites. In the test, polylactidic acid (PLA) is filled with four types of length of corn stalk fibers with a diameter of 1 mm, 1.6 mm, 2 mm and 4 mm. The composites were composed by single screw extrusion and then samples were prepared by injection molding. The mechanical properties of the composites were determined by static tensile test, static bending test and Charpy impact test while the thermo-mechanical properties were determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The composite structures were also observed using X-ray microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. In the PLA/CS composites, as the filler fiber diameter increased, the degradation of mechanical properties relative to the matrix was observed including tensile strength (decrease 22.9–51.1%), bending...
Zagadnienia zrównoważonego rozwoju, ochrony środowiska i potencjalnych wpływów w całym okresie ży... more Zagadnienia zrównoważonego rozwoju, ochrony środowiska i potencjalnych wpływów w całym okresie życia wyrobu, począwszy od pozyskania surowców poprzez produkcję i użytkowanie wyrobów, aż do ich końcowego składowania lub gospodarczego wykorzystania, stanowią aktualnie ważny nurt działalności produkcyjnej. Przykładami skutecznej realizacji założeń jest m.in. stosowanie metod LCA, LCM, IPP, DfE [1–5, 6]. Analizie z użyciem metody LCA mogą być poddawane zarówno produkty, procesy obejmujące pełny cykl życia lub przedsięwzięcia towarzyszące tym procesom, w tym wydobycia surowców mineralnych, analizę energochłonności poszczególnych faz procesu z jednoczesnym uwzględnieniem czystości pozyskiwania energii, zapotrzebowania wody, emisji odprowadzanych do wody, gleby i powietrza, możliwości utylizacji zużytych wyrobów, czyli narodzin produktu aż do ostatecznej utylizacji lub przetworzenia czyli „śmierci”. Znanych jest wiele aplikacji, które realizują te założenia [7, 8]. Już na etapie projektowa...
Informatyki Stosowanej UMK w Toruniu. W 2011 roku uzyskał stopień naukowy doktora w dyscyplinie e... more Informatyki Stosowanej UMK w Toruniu. W 2011 roku uzyskał stopień naukowy doktora w dyscyplinie elektronika na Wydziale Elektroniki, Telekomunikacji i Informatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej. Zainteresowania naukowe dotyczą budowy i zastosowania systemów pomiarowych i sterujących. Jest adiunktem w Instytucie Mechaniki i Informatyki Stosowanej Wydziału Matematyki, Fizyki i Techniki na Uniwersytecie Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy.
Polymers, 2021
Recently, a dynamic increase in the number of polymer elements ending their life cycle has been o... more Recently, a dynamic increase in the number of polymer elements ending their life cycle has been observed. There are three main ways of dealing with polymer waste: reuse in an unchanged form, recycling (both material and energy), and disposal (mainly in the form of landfilling or incineration). The legislation of European countries promotes in particular two forms of waste management: reuse and recycling. Recycling processes are used to recover materials and energy especially from contaminated waste, which are structurally changed by other materials, friction, temperature, machine, process, etc. The recycling of polymers, especially of multi-plastic structural elements, requires the use of special technological installations and a series of preparatory operations, including crushing and separating. Due to the universality and necessity of materials processing in recycling engineering, in particular size reduction, the aim of this study is to organize and systematize knowledge about s...
Materials, 2021
To assess the impact of graphite fillers on the thermal processing of graphite/poly(lactic acid) ... more To assess the impact of graphite fillers on the thermal processing of graphite/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites, a series of the composite samples with different graphite of industrial grade as fillers was prepared by melt mixing. The average size of the graphite grains ranged between 100 µm and 6 µm. For comparative purposes, one of the carbon fillers was expandable graphite. Composites were examined by SEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. As revealed by thermogravimetric (TG) analyses, graphite filler slightly lowered the temperature of thermal decomposition of the PLA matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests showed that the room temperature crystallinity of the polymer matrix is strongly affected by the graphite filler. The crystallinity of the composites determined from the second heating cycle reached values close to 50%, while these values are close to zero for the neat polymer. The addition of graphite to PLA caused a slight reduction in the oxidation induction t...
Materials, 2021
Technological and material issues in 3D printing technologies should take into account sustainabl... more Technological and material issues in 3D printing technologies should take into account sustainable development, use of materials, energy, emitted particles, and waste. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the sustainability of 3D printing processes can be supported by computational intelligence (CI) and artificial intelligence (AI) based solutions. We present a new AI-based software to evaluate the amount of pollution generated by 3D printing systems. We input the values: printing technology, material, print weight, etc., and the expected results (risk assessment) and determine if and what precautions should be taken. The study uses a self-learning program that will improve as more data are entered. This program does not replace but complements previously used 3D printing metrics and software.
Materials, 2020
While the intensity, complexity, and specificity of robotic exercise may be supported by patient-... more While the intensity, complexity, and specificity of robotic exercise may be supported by patient-tailored three-dimensional (3D)-printed solutions, their performance can still be compromised by non-optimal combinations of technological parameters and material features. The main focus of this paper was the computational optimization of the 3D-printing process in terms of features and material selection in order to achieve the maximum tensile force of a hand exoskeleton component, based on artificial neural network (ANN) optimization supported by genetic algorithms (GA). The creation and 3D-printing of the selected component was achieved using Cura 0.1.5 software and 3D-printed using fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology. To optimize the material and process parameters we compared ten selected parameters of the two distinct printing materials (polylactic acid (PLA), PLA+) using ANN supported by GA built and trained in the MATLAB environment. To determine the maximum tensile forc...
Mechanik, 2019
The own study on hand exoskeleton is presented. It is described from mechanical point of view: st... more The own study on hand exoskeleton is presented. It is described from mechanical point of view: starting from constraints caused by healthy human biomechanics, through possible functional deficits and their compensation by exoskeleton’s biomechanics, up to material and technological limitations. There is described an application of the reverse engineering aiming at personalization of the mechanical features taking into consideration huge individualization of the hand mechanics, including pathological changes.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems, 2019
An exoskeleton is defined as a distinctive kind of robot to be worn as an overall or frame, effec... more An exoskeleton is defined as a distinctive kind of robot to be worn as an overall or frame, effectively supporting, or in some cases substituting for, the user’s own movements. In this paper a new three-dimensional (3D) printed bydgostian hand exoskeleton is introduced and biomedically characterized. The proposed concept is promising, and the described approach combining biomechanical factors and 3D modeling driven by detailed hand exoskeleton patterns may constitute a key future method of ergonomic hand exoskeleton design and validation prior to manufacturing. Despite the aforementioned approach, we should be aware that hand exoskeleton constitutes hand support and rehabilitation robot system developing with the user; thus, certain coordination and continuity of the “hardware” part of the whole system and the training paradigm are essential for therapy efficacy.